FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

State that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only change the
form and type through work and heat

Equation

Where
q= heat transfer into/ out of the system
w= work done by/ on the system

Sign Convention For Heat

qsys < 0 = heat transfer from system

qsys > 0 = heat transfer from surrounding

surrounding
system

Sign Convention For Work

wsys < 0 = work done from system

surrounding

wsys > 0 = work done from surrounding

Example of Application
Isochoric

Volume constant (

Isobaric

Pressure constant,

Adiabatic

system

No heat transfer,

Diabatic/ Diathermic

Isothermal

Temperature constant, (

2nd Law Of Thermodynamics

State that the entropy of the universe increases in a spontaneous

process and remains unchanged in an equilibrium process

Equation
For Spontaneous Process

Entropy

Entropy ( S )
is a measurement of disorder or
randomness of a system
The greater the dispersal,the greater the
entropy

Entropy changes =

Unit =J/k @ J/K.mol (molar entropy)