WEAP Tutorial Vietnamese

WEAP
H thng nh gi v lp k hoch dng nc
KS. Triu nh Ngc

Ging vin Trng i hc Thy li C s 2
HNG DN S DNG WEAP
ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006
MC LC
MC LC .......................................................................................................................2
Phn 1: TNG QUAN ....................................................................................................4
I. Gii thiu ..................................................................................................................4
II. t vn ...............................................................................................................4
III. S pht trin WEAP ..............................................................................................5
IV. Cch tip cn WEAP ............................................................................................5
V. Cu trc chng trnh ............................................................................................6
VI. Cu trc sch hng dn .......................................................................................9
Phn 2: WEAP TRONG MT GI..............................................................................12
I. To vng nghin cu mi.......................................................................................13
II. Thit lp cc thng s chung.................................................................................16
III. Nhp cc nhn t vo trong s ........................................................................18
IV. Nhng kt qu u tin........................................................................................29
Phn 3: CNG C C BN ........................................................................................32
I. To v s dng cc gi thit chnh .........................................................................33
II. S dng xy dng biu thc (Expression Builder)...............................................36
Phn 4: CC KCH BN..............................................................................................40
I. Chun b nn cho cc kch bn ...............................................................................41
II. To kch bn tham chiu Reference Scenario.......................................................41
III. To v chy cc kch bn.....................................................................................45
IV. S dng phng php dng chy nm in hnh (Water Year Method) ............48
Phn 5: XY DNG PHN TCH NHU CU ...........................................................57
I. Nhu cu tng th:....................................................................................................58
II. M hnh qun l v tr cp nc, tn tht v ti s dng ......................................63
III. Thit lp quyn u tin phn phi cp nc........................................................70
Phn 6: SP T NGUN CP NC.....................................................................74
I. Thay i quyn u tin cp nc ...........................................................................75
II. M hnh h cha ...................................................................................................77
III. Thm vo dng chy yu cu ..............................................................................83
IV. M hnh ngun nc ngm..................................................................................86
Phn 7: D LIU, KT QU & NH DNG...........................................................90
I. Chuyn i d liu .................................................................................................91
II. Nhp chui thi gian .............................................................................................94
III. Lm vic vi kt qu............................................................................................96
IV. nh dng ............................................................................................................99
Phn 8: H CHA V SN XUT NNG LNG..............................................105
Hng dn s dng WEAP qua cc v d
I. M hnh h cha...................................................................................................106
II. Thm vo s c lng nng lng thu in ...................................................109
III. M hnh trm pht in nh dng chy trn sng .............................................111
Phn 9: CHT LNG NC .................................................................................114
I. Thit lp m hnh cht lng nc ......................................................................115
II. Nhp d liu cht lng nc.............................................................................117
III. S dng dng chy cht lng nc vo bt buc cho mt v tr nhu cu .......121
IV. Nhp vo kh nng pht cht nhim cho v tr nhu cu .................................123
V. M hnh mt trm x l nc thi......................................................................125
Phn 10: THY LC..................................................................................................132
I. M hnh lu vc : m hnh dng chy mt nc ma .........................................133
II. M hnh lu vc : m hnh m t.................................................................136
III. M hnh tng tc gia nc mt v nc ngm..............................................141
Phn 11: PHN TCH TI CHNH ...........................................................................146
I. Thit lp m hnh li nhun v chi ph.................................................................147
II. M hnh chi ph ...................................................................................................148
III. M hnh li nhun..............................................................................................153
Phn 1: TNG QUAN

I. Gii thiu
WEAP l mt cng c tin ch trong vic lp k hoch s dng ngun ti nguyn
nc. Khung giao din thng minh, linh hot v thn thin cho vic phn tch th ch,
chnh sch. Ngy cng nhiu cc nh khoa hc v ngnh nc thy c tin ch ca
WEAP v a thm WEAP vo nh l cc cng c trong cc m hnh, c s d liu,
bng tnh, hay trong cc phn mm khc ca h.
Trong phn ny ch nu tm tt mc ch, cch tip cn v cu trc ca WEAP.
Hng dn ny c cu trc di dng cc module gip cho bn nm bt c
tt c cc kha cnh tim nng trong WEAP. Mc d cun sch ny ch hng dn v
d n gin nhng n th hin c hu ht cc kha cnh trong WEAP. Mt m
hnh thc phc tp hn c trnh by trong WEAP mang tn Weeping River
Basin. Cc c tnh k thut ca chng trnh c miu t c th trong hng dn
s dng WEAP21.
II. t vn
Nhiu vng ang i mt vi nhng thch thc trong vic qun l ngun nc ngt.
Nhng ngun nc c hn, cht lng v chnh sch mi trng v bn vng s
dng nc ngy cng quan trng v cp thit. Vic ng dng cc h thng m hnh
m phng trong vic cung cp nc khng phi lun lun thch hp. thp nin
trc, tip cp pht trin tng hp ngun nc ni tri vi cc d n cung cp ngun
nc trong bi cnh gp phi cc vn v nhu cu, cht lng nc, bo tn h sinh
thi.
Mc ch WEAP l kt hp nhng gi tr ny vo trong mt cng c thc hnh cho
vic quy hoch ti nguyn nc. WEAP c phn bit bi cch tip cn tng hp
ca n cho tnh ton nhng h thng nc v s nh hng chnh sch ca n.
WEAP gii phng trnh vi mt v l cc yu t th hin nhu cu: cc m hnh dng
nc, hiu qu cc thit b, ti s dng, gi c v s phn phi. V cn li l cc yu
t th hin kh nng cung cp: dng chy, nc ngm, h cha v s trao i nc.
WEAP c xem nh mt phng th nghim kho th cc chin lc pht trin v
qun l nc.
WEAP m phng mt cch ton din, ng tin cy v d s dng, v tr gip c
lc hn l thay th cho k nng ca ngi quy hoch. Nh mt c s d liu, WEAP
cung cp mt h thng duy tr thng tin v cung v cu. Nh mt cng c d bo,
WEAP m hnh ha cc yu t: nhu cu nc, kh nng cp, dng chy, kho nc,
to nhim, x l v thi ra. Nh mt cng c phn tch chnh sch, WEAP nh gi
y , rng di cc ty chn pht trin v qun l nc, v s dng cc tnh ton a

dng v tnh cnh tranh trong s dng ca cc h thng cp nc.
III. S pht trin WEAP

Vin mi trng Stockholm cung cp cc h tr chnh cho vic pht trin WEAP.
Trung tm k thut thu vn ca qun i M cng ti tr mt cch ng k. M s
cc i tc khc bao gm ngn hng Th gii, USAID and Global Infrastructure Fund
ca Nht bn cung cp h tr d n. WEAP c p dng trong vn nh gi
ngun nc nhiu quc gia, bao gm United States, Mexico, Brazil, Germany,
Ghana, Burkina Faso, Kenya, South Africa, Mozambique, Egypt, Israel, Oman,
Central Asia, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, China, South Korea, and Thailand.
IV. Cch tip cn WEAP

Hot ng da trn nguyn l c bn ca cn bng nc, WEAP thch hp cho
th, h thng nng nghip, cc lu vc n l hoc cc h thng sng phc tp. Hn
th na, WEAP c th kho lo m rng cc vn : phn tch cc nhu cu, bo tn
ngun nc, quyn dng nc, cc u tin phn phi, m hnh nc ngm v dng
chy, vn hnh h cha, thy in, lan truyn nhim, cc yu cu ca h sinh thi,
nh gi kh nng tn thng v phn tch li ch v chi ph ca d n.
WEAP phn tch h thng di dng nhiu ngun cung cp (v d nh: sng, lch,
nc ngm, nhng h cha, xm nhp mn); kh nng ly, vn chuyn v s l nc
thi, cc yu cu ca h sinh thi, nhu cu nc v pht sinh nhim. Cu trc d
liu v mc chi tit c th d dng p ng cc yu cu phn tch chi tit v
phn chiu nhng tc ng gy ra bi hn ch ca d liu.
Nhng ng dng ca WEAP bao gm vi bc. Gii hn nghin cu (Study

definition) thit lp bi khung thi gian, bin khng gian, cc thnh phn ca h
thng v cc c trng ca vn cn gii quyt. Miu t hin trng (Current
Accounts) c th nhn nhn nh nh mt bc mc trong pht trin ng dng, cung
cp s cnh hin trng nhu cu nc, sc ti nhim, ti nguyn v kh nng p
ng cho h thng. Nhng s liu thc, mu cht c th xy dng vo Current
Accounts m t th ch, chi ph v cc yu t nh hng ti nhu cu, nhim, kh
nng cp nc v thy vn. Cc kch bn (Scenarios) xy dng trong Current
Acounts v cho php xc nh tc ng ca s thay i hoc chnh sch v kh nng
v s dng nc trog tng lai. Cui cng, nhng kch bn c c lng vi s
lu tm ti s y nc, chi ph v li ch, tnh tng thch vi nhng mc ch
mi trng, v tnh nhy cm ti s khng chc chn trong nhng bin s quan trng.
V. Cu trc chng trnh

WEAP bao gm 5 khung chnh: Schematic, Data, Results, Overviews and Notes.
Cc khung ny c m t di y.
Schematic: s
Khung ny cha ng cc cng c GIS c bn cho php xy dng h thng mt cch
d dng. Cc i tng (V d nh cc im yu cu (Demand nodes), cc h cha
(reservoirs)) c th c to v nh v bn trong h thng bng vic ko v th cc
i tng t menu. Chng trnh c th kt ni vi ArcView hay cc dng file GIS
tiu chun vector hay raster lm lp nn. Bn c th truy xut mt cch nhanh chng
n cc d liu v kt qu vi bt k nt no bng vic nhp chut ln i tng
quan tm.
Data: D liu
Khung d liu cho php bn to cc bin v cc mi quan h, nhp vo cc gi thit
v cc tnh ton s dng cc biu thc ton hc hoc kt ni vi Excel mt cc linh
ng.
Results: Kt qu
Khung kt qu cho php trnh by chi tit v linh hot tt c cc dng kt qu,
dng biu v bng, v trn s .
Overviews : Tng quan

Bn c th nhn mnh cc ch s trong h thng bng xem nhanh.
Notes: Ghi ch
Khung ghi ch cung cp mt khng gian a vo cc ch thch v ti liu ca
bn.
VI. Cu trc sch hng dn

Sch hng dn ny gip bn hiu c cc ng dng rng ri ca WEAP v c th
thc hnh vi WEAP. Module th nht trong 3 module (WEAP trong 1 gi, Cc
thanh cng c c bn v cc kch bn) gii thiu cc thnh phn thit yu cho bt c
m hnh no ca WEAP. Cc module cn li trnh by cc phn nng cao c th hoc
khng ng dng cho tt c cc tnh hung.
Bn cnh 3 module trn, cc phn hng dn c thit k theo cch m bn co th
hon thnh bt k th t no v c lp nhau nh ca bn. Tt c bt u tng t
nh m hnh s to lp sau khi hon thin module du tin.
WEAP trong 1 gi
Cc cng c c
bn
Cc kch bn
Phn tch nhu cu
Phn tch kh nng

cung cp
nh dng, d liu
v kt qu
H cha v sn
xut nng lng
Cht lng nc
Thu lc
Phn tch ti chnh
Bn di lit k tt c cc module, bt u vi 3 phn c bn:

WEAP trong mt gi
To ra vng nghin cu
Thit lp cc thng s chung
V m hnh
Cc kt qu u tin
Cc thanh cng c c bn
To v s dng cc gi thit chnh
S dng cng c xy dng biu thc
Cc kch bn
Thit lp nn cho cc kch bn
To kch bn tham chiu
To v chy cc kch bn
S dng phng php nm nc
Sp t phn tch nhu cu
Phn loi yu cu
M hnh nhu cu nc, qun l, tn tht v ti s dng
Thitlpyucuccutinphnphi
Sp t cp nc (Refining the Supply)

Thay i quyn u tin cp
M hnh cc h cha
Thm vo cc dng chy yu cu
M hnh cc ngun nc ngm
nh dng, d liu v cc kt qu
Trao i d d liu
Nhp chui thi gian
Lm vic vi cc kt qu
nh dng
Cc h cha v sn xut in nng
M hnh cc h cha
Tnh ton nng lng in
M hnh nh my thy in trn sng
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Cht lng nc
Thit lp m hnh cht lng nc
Nhp d liu cht lng nc
S dng cc rng buc cht lng nc u vo
Nhp vo cc thng s nhim cho cc v tr c nhu cu
M hnh trm x l nc thi
Thu vn
M hnh lu vc: M hnh dng chy b mt do ma
M hnh lu vc : M hnh m t
M hnh nc mt s tng tc nc ngm
11
WEAP
Phn 2: WEAP TRONG MT GI

Hng dn dng
I. To vng nghin cu mi.......................................................................................13
1. Thit lp vng mi, trng...................................................................................13
2. Thm GIS ...........................................................................................................15
3. Lu vc nghin cu ...........................................................................................16
II. Thit lp cc thng s chung.................................................................................16
1. Thip lp cc thng s chung.............................................................................17
2. Lu phin bn ca vng.....................................................................................18
III. Nhp cc nhn t vo trong s ........................................................................18
1. V sng...............................................................................................................18
2. Nhp d liu cho con sng chnh.......................................................................20
3. To nhu cu nc cho vng th v nhp d liu lin quan ...........................22
4. To mt v tr nhu cu nng nghip ...................................................................25
5. Kt ni nhu vng cu nc vi ngun cp nc ...............................................26
6. To ng dn dng chy hi quy.....................................................................27
7. Kim tra m hnh ...............................................................................................28
IV. Nhng kt qu u tin........................................................................................29
1. Chy m hnh .....................................................................................................29
2. Kim tra kt qu .................................................................................................29
3. Xem cc kt qu b xung ...................................................................................30
12
I. To vng nghin cu mi
1. Thit lp vng mi, trng.
Khi m WEAP ln u tin, vng d n c tn l Weaping River Basin s xut
hin. Vo manu Area, chn cng c Create Area to vng mi.
Mt ca s s xut hin (nh bn di), phi click vo i tng Initially

Blank. Trong bc k tip, bn phi mc nh vng ny theo cc c im a l
ca th gii. Sau bn c th t tn vng la chn ny nu bn mun, v d :
My_Ghana_Area.
Sau nhp OK, bn s nhn c hp thoi sau:
13
Nhp OK tip. Trong hnh k tip, bn s chn vng a l cho d n ca bn t

bn th gii xut hin trn mn hnh. Dng chut v mt hnh ch nht bao ton
b vng d n. Hnh t gic mu xanh s xut hin quanh vng d n bn chn.
Bn c th s dng thanh cng c trt bn di gc tri ca ca s thu phng

vng la chn ny.
14
Click OK sau khi bn xc nh c bin gii ca vng. Ch rng bn c th

sa i ng bin gii sau bng cch vo thc n Schematic chn Set Area
Boundaries .
Trong WEAP, cc models gi l areas

Cc vng c gii hn bi cc ng bin gii m c xc nh l cc
khong rng ca vng d n. Nu bn to mt vng mi bng vic copy mt
vng c sn th cc ng bin gii ny c gi y nguyn nh vng hin
ti. sa i ng bin gii bn phi thip lp mt vng mi bng cch vo
Schematic chn Set Area Boundaries.
Ch rng nu bn mun bt u vi mt vng trng, bn c th lm theo cc
bc trn nhng chn vng a l l i dng thay cho cho t lin.
2. Thm GIS
Bn c th thm cc GIS Raster v Vector vo vng d n, nhng bn ny c
th gip bn nh hng v xy dng h thng v thit lp ng bin gii vng.
thm vo mt lp Raster hay Vector, nhp phi chut trong khung ca s gi trn
bn tay tri ca Schematic v chn Add a Raster Layer hay Add a Vector Layer.
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Mt ca s xut hin, ti y bn c th nhp vo tn file v ni WEAP c th tm

thy n trn my tnh ca bn hay trn internet.
D liu nn dng vector c th c thm vo bng nhp chut vo Add
Vector Layer. WEAP c thng tin trong cu trc nh dng file. Cc nh
dng ny c th c to bi cc phn mm GIS.
Bn c th download cc ti nguyn dng Vecter v Raster ti
www.geographynetwork.com or www.terraserver.com
3. Lu vc nghin cu
Nu bn mun lu li vng ny s dng sau ny, vo Area, chn Save hay
nhn Ctrl+S.
II. Thit lp cc thng s chung

Chng ta by gi ang hc cc tip cn WEAP cc chc nng ca n. Thng qua
bi tp trong sch hng dn ny chng ta s s dng vng t trc c tn l
16
Tutorial.
m vng ny, vo thc n Area v chn Open. Bn s nhn thy mt danh
sch gm cc vng c c vng Tutorial , nhp chn vng ny.
1. Thip lp cc thng s chung
Khi vng ny c m ra, vo thc n General thit lp cc nm, bc thi
gian, v n v
M hnh nm 2000 vi 12 bc thi gian (tng ng 12 thng) v c tnh ton t
thng 1. Hy gi mc nh thng s ny. Thip lp thi on tnh ton cho knh bn
bt u t nm 2000 n 2005.
Nm 2000 s coi nh l phng n m t hin ti Current Accounts ca d
n. M t nm hin ti c chn nh l nm c s ca m hnh, v tt c
thng tin h thng (nh, d liu nhu cu v cp nc) c nhp vo y.
Current Account thit lp d liu t nhng kch bn xy dng. Cc kch bn s
nghin cu cc kh nng thay i ca h thng trong cc nm tng lai sau
nm hin ti. Phng n mc nh, Reference Scenario mang cc d liu ca
Current Accounts a vo ton b cc giai on mc ca d n ( y l 2000
v 2005) v c xem nh l mt im ca so sch vi cc kch bn khc vi
nhng s thay i h thng d liu.
17

Cc bc thi gian phi c chn phn chiu mc ng n ca cc d
liu. Bc thi gian cng ngn th s lm cho thi gian tnh ton cng lu, c
bit ltnh vi nhiu kch bn khc nhau.
2. Lu phin bn ca vng
Chn Save Version trong thc n Area. Mt ca s xut hin hi bn nhng
nhn xt m t kiu phin bn ny. Nhp vo general parameters set.
Cng nh cc chng trnh khc, l tng tt khi u n ghi li cc vic

lm trong WEAP. WEAP qun l tt c cc file gn vi vng d n cho bn.
Ghi li mt vng mi s t ng nghi cc file c lin quan. Cc file ghi trong
WEAP c a ht vo mt th mc. C th qun l vng, xut hoc nhp hay
gi email s dng Area, Manage Areas manu.
WEAP cng c nhiu phin bn c tnh thun tin cho php lu nhiu phin
bn ca m hnh trong cng mt vng. Dng Area, chn Save Version:
lu phin bn. Dng Area, Revert to Version m phin bn khc.
Bn c th chuyn qua li gia phin bn hin ti v phin bn c hn m
khng mt d liu. WEAP s t ng to ra phin bn ca m hnh ca bn mi
khi bn lu. Nhng tt hon nn lu li mt s phin bn thc s cn thit tit
kim dung lng a.
III. Nhp cc nhn t vo trong s

1. V sng
Nhp chut ln biu tng River trong ca s v gi chut & r biu tng
n vng bn . Th chut n v tr trn vng bn mun thit lp con sng, y l
im u pha thng ngun ca sng, tip tc click chut v cc im tip theo
ca sng.
18
Hng i tng v: im u tin bn v s l im u tin ca con sng ni

m dng chy s vo. Bn c th son tho li con sng sau bng vic
nhp chut di chuyn bt k phn no ca con sng to ra im mi, nhp
phi chut xo chng.
Theo dng sng chnh, v t thng lu (pha trn bn tri) xung h lu ( pha di
bn tai phi), nhp chut mt ln kt thc mi on sng m bn v. C th v con
sng gn vi thc t theo mun (v nhiu khc sng ngn bng cch click nhiu ln
chut hn), hoc c th v mt cch i khi (v t cc khc sng ngn hn). Nhng
ch rng nu bn v cng gn vi sng thc t th cng tt cho vic th hin cc
chc nng trong WEAP. V d, nu mun m hnh cc yu t v cht lng nc dc
theo sng, s rt thun li khi v sng cng gn vi thc t ca n cng tt bi v
WEAP cn tnh ton thi gian tn ti trong sng (hm ca chiu di on sng) th
hin m hnh cht lng nc. Phng to mn hnh cha sng (s dng cng c zoom
phn di ca s) s gip nu mun theo dng sng mt cch r rng hn. Khng
nht thit phi v nhnh sng nm ngang n t bn tri. Vng c th chnh sa sng
sau khi v nu mun chi tit hn.
19
Khi bn nhp p chut hon thnh vic v mt con sng, mt hp thoi s xut
hin yu cu bn t tn cho con sng.
Tn ca con sng ny l : Main River.
C th nh tn sng theo ring. C th di chuyn tn con sng n v tr khc

bng click phi chut vo v tr bt k trn sng v chn Move Label. Tn sng s
di chuyn theo sau con tr, nhp tri chut v tr mong mun c nh v tr tn
sng.
2. Nhp d liu cho con sng chnh

nhp v son tho d liu cho con sng chnh, c th nhp phi chut ln con
sng chnh v chn Edit data v chn bt k kiu d liu no bn mun, hoc theo
cch khc bng cch click vo biu tng Data gc pha trn, bn tri mn hnh.
Chn : Supply and Resources/ River /Main River trn cy d liu.C th phi click
20
vo biu tng plus sign (du cng) bn cnh nhnh Supply and Resources nhn
tt c cc nhnh trong cy.
xem ton b cc nhnh trn cy cu trc d liu, bn c th vo thc n Tree

chn Expand All.
Khi ca s Inflows and Outflows s m, nu khng m bn nhp chut ln

biu tng tng ng. Click vo thanh Headflow. Nhp vo vng khng gian c
tn nhn l 2000 trn ca s d liu u vo xem thanh cng c xung. Chn
Monthly Time Series Wizard thc n ny.
21
S dng Monthly Time Series Wizard nhp cc d liu:

Month
Flow (CMS)
Jan
12
Feb
Mar
11
Apr
17
May
80
Jun
136
Jul
45
Aug
32
Sep
38
Oct
18
Nov
Dec
Ch rng khi bn nhp d liu vo mi im, th d liu cng s c th hin

trn biu. Khng nhp hoc thay i bt c gi liu no vi.
WEAP chia con sng ra thnh cc nhnh. Ban u con sng ca bn ch c mt
nhnh, sau thm vo cc im ly nc hay cc im nhn nc, WEAP s
t ng to ra cc nhnh mi.
3. To nhu cu nc cho vng th v nhp d liu lin quan

to mt nt nhu cu, tin hnh tng t nh to mt con sng. Tr v li khung
Schematic, ko biu tng nhu cu ra s ang v, th v click chut khi nh v
22
c nt.
Nhp tn nt nhu cu nc ny l Big City trong hp hi thoi, v nhp
quyn u tin cho n l 1. (Cng c th t tn theo a danh c th).
Quyn u tin nhu cu i din cho mc ch nh cp nc gia cc thnh

ph vi nhau. WEAP s u tin cp nc cho tt c nhng v tr c nhu cu
nc cao nht, k n l nhng vng u tin cp thp hn cho ti khi tt c cc
nhu cu hoc tt c cc ngun c s dng, ty theo yu t no n trc.
Nhp phi chut ln v tr nhu cu nc Big City v chn Edit data v Annual
Activity Level. y l mt cch son tho d liu, bn cng c th nhp vo biu
tng c ch Data trn thc n nhp d liu trn cy d liu.
Phi la chn n v trc khi nhp d liu. Ko thanh Activity Unit xung,
chn People, v nhp OK.
23
khng gian di tn trng 2000, nhp vo Annual Activity Level l 800000.
K tip, nhp chut ln th Annual Water Use Rate v nhp vo 300 di tn

trng 2000.
Cui cng, nhp chut vo th Consumption v nhp vo 15. Ch rng n v l

phn trm %.
24
Consumption th hin lng nc thc t tiu th.
4. To mt v tr nhu cu nng nghip

Ko mt biu tng nt nhu cu khc vo vng d n v nh v trn mt cn li
ca dng sng chnh, i din v pha h lu vi Big City.
t tn ca v tr nhu cu ny l Agriculture, v thip lp quyn u tin cp l 1.
Tng t nh lm cho Big City, nhp vo mc hot ng hng nm v t l

nc dng hng nm trong Data View cho vng nng nghip sau khi chn n v
l ha.
Annual Activity Level
100,000 hectares
Annual Water Use rate
3,500 m3/hectare
25
La chn th Monthly Variation v chn Monthly Time Series Wizard nhp

d liu di y theo t l phn trm s dng nc hng thng.
Monthly Variation:
5% in April
10% in May and June
20% in July
30% in August
25% in September
0% for the rest of the year
Cui cn,g nhp vo th Consumption v nhp vo 90.
Thay i hng thng th hin theo % gi tr hng nm. Tng gi tr ca tt c
cc thng ca nm l 100%. Nu khng c s thay i c bit hng thng,
WEAP quy nh s thay i hng thng da vo s ngy trong tng thng.
Cng c th to ra mt v tr dng nc n l kt hp c hai i tng nhu cu
nc l th v nng nghip. Mc d vy, s xem xt sau ny mt s yu t
linh ng v u tin phn phi nc
5. Kt ni nhu vng cu nc vi ngun cp nc

By gi cn cho WEAP bit nhu cu c p ng nh th no; vic ny c thc
hin bng cch ni ngun cp ti cc vng yu cu. Tr v khung cnh s
Shematic v to mt ng truyn dn nc Transmission Link t con sng chnh
n Big City v Agriculture. Thc hin cng vic ny bng thao tc ko r chut
t biu tng Transmission Link t im ly nc trn sng, th chut, sau lin
kt n Big City v nhp p chut ln im nhu cu kt thc. Thc hin thao
26
tc ny tng t cho Agriculture, nhng im ra trn sng nm v pha di h lu

ng dn nc t Big Cityra.
Chn Supply Preference l 1 cho cc ng truyn dn
Transmission Link.
Thng s u tin cp nc Supply Preference parameter cho php bn xc

nh ngun nc no l s dng u tin cp nc cho v tr nhu cu ny. WEAP
s c gng cp nc cho tt c nhu cu dng nc vi ngun nc t mc
u tin cao nht, ch s dng ngun nuc c mc u tin thp khi ngun
nc thiu khng cung cp.
6. To ng dn dng chy hi quy

To dng chy hi quy t Big City tr li sng chnh Main River cng tng t
nh t Agriculture n Main River. Cc thao tc v trnh t thc hin cng ging
nh to ng truyn dn nc Transmission Links.
Dng chy hi quy t th v sng chnh phi t h lu im ly nc
cho nng nghip. Theo hng dng chy th cc im ly v thi nc phi
theo th t sau: ly nc cho Big City, ly nc cho Agriculture, hi quy t
Big City, hi quy t Agriculture.
27
K tip, thit lp quy trnh dng chy hi quy (Return Flow Routing) cho dng chy
hi quy ca Big City bng cch nhp phi chut ln mi dng ng dn hi quy v
chn edit data , chn Return Flow Routing hay vo Data view\Supply and
Resources\Return Flows\from Big City. Thc hin tng t cho ng truyn dn
hi quy ca nng nghip: Agriculture Return Flow.
Thit t quy trnh dng chy hi quy Return Flow Routing l 100%.
Return Flow Routing l % ca tng dng chy ra t v tr nhu cu c dn
nc trc tip qua ng dn dng hi quy. Nu ch c mt ng dn dng
chy hi quy t mt v tr nhu cu th gi tr phi l 100%. Tng t vy, nu
nhiu ng dn dng chy hi quy c to t mt nt nhu cu th tng gi tr
ca chng phi l 100%. Lng tn tht trong ng dn dng hi quy c
xc nh ring.
7. Kim tra m hnh

Ti y m hnh trng ging nh hnh th hin di y.
28
IV. Nhng kt qu u tin

1. Chy m hnh
Nhp vo Results bn tri mn hnh bt u tnh ton. Khi hp thoi xut
hin yu cu tnh ton li th nhp vo yes. Chng trnh s tnh ton ton b m
hnh cho kch bn tham chiu - kch bn mc nh c to ra s dng thng tin m
t hin trng cho cc giai on ca d n ( y l nm 2000 v 2005). Khi vic tnh
ton hon tt, khung cnh kt qu s xut hin.
2. Kim tra kt qu
Click chut vo thanh Table v chn Demand v Water Demand t thnh
menu xung trong trnh n (nh hnh di). Cng tng t vy, nhp chut vo
hp Annual Total.
Nu nhp tt c d liu theo cc bc trc y s thu c cc gi tr nhu cu

nc hng nm nh di y cho tng nm (t 200 - 2005) ca kch bn tham chiu
Reference scenario:
Annual Demand for Agriculture 350 M m3
Annual Demand for Urban Area 240 M m3
29
Nu khng thu c kt qu tng t nh nhng gi tr trn th bn hy tr v

khung cnh d liu Data kim tra d liu u vo.
Nu nhn c thng bo li hoc nhng cnh bo, hy c mt cch cn thn,
n c th l cc thng tin lin quan ti s khng thng nht ca cc d liu u
vo, hay do b qu mt s bc thc hin chng trnh.
3. Xem cc kt qu b xung
Nhn vo t l m t nhu cu nc hng thng trn biu . Nhp chut vo th
Chart. Chn Demand v Coverage t trnh n xung ca ca s.
nh dng biu , nhn vo nt tu chn 3-D thanh cng c bn phi mn

hnh, v bo m rng tt c cc thng u c la chn hin th ln th (ng
thi gi la chn Monthly Average). th th hin ging nh hnh bn di.
30
Trong sut thng 12 v thng 2 lng dng chy trn sng l nh, Big City thiu nc,
v v th m lng nc yu cu khng c tho mn. Ngnh nng nghip
Agriculture c mt s thm ht lng nc cp trong thng 8 v 9, khi cy trng
yu cu nhiu nc nht.
C th thay i biu trong WEAP theo mun phc v cho in n hay sao
chp biu vo clipboard bng cch s dng thanh cng c phi chut.
31
WEAP
Phn 3: CNG C C BN
Hng dn dng
I. To v s dng cc gi thit chnh .........................................................................33
1. S dng cc gi thit chnh ................................................................................33
2. To cc tham chiu cho cc gi thit c bn......................................................35
II. S dng xy dng biu thc (Expression Builder)...............................................36
1. To cc biu thc ton hc.................................................................................36
2. S dng Built in Functions .............................................................................37
32
Ch :
Trong phn ny bn s phi cn hon thnh phn trc (WEAP in one hour) hay
c kin thc c bn v WEAP (to vng, v cc m hnh, nhp d liu vo, thu cc
kt qu tnh ton c). bt u vi phn ny, vo thc n chnh Main Manu,
chn Revert to Version v chn phin bn tn Starting Point for Basic Tools
module.
I. To v s dng cc gi thit chnh

1. S dng cc gi thit chnh
Cc gi thit chnh c to ra bng cch vo Data v nhp phi chut ln cc
nhnh Key Assumption ca cy d liu. Chn Addlc ny chng trnh s to
cho bn mt gi thit (Key Assumption) mi bn di nhnh gi thit.
To v t tn cho cc gi thit chnh nh sau (Ch la chn n v cho ph hp

trong trnh n menu xung): Unit Domestic Water Use 300 m3; Unit Irrigation
Water Needs 3,500 m3
33
Vi cc gi thit c bn, cc n v y cn phi tng thch vi cc n v trong

cy d liu.
To thm mt gi thit c bn na, thay i nc dng trong sinh hot (Domestic
Variation), yu t ny khng c n v v s dng chui thi on thng Monthly
Time Series nhp vo vi cc gi tr:
Domestic Variation
Jan to Feb & Nov. to Dec.: 0.9
Mar. to May & Sept. to Oct. 1.0
June:
Jul, Aug:
1.1
1.15
S dng cc gi thit c bn ny c ngha c bit l khi m hnh c nhiu i

tng tng t, v d nh cc nhu cu nc, v khi phn tch kch bn. Trong
trng hp ny, bn d dng thit lp tt c cc nhu cu c cng n v tiu
th. Sau , bn c th to ra cc kch bn vi nhng thay i ca u ra m
khng cn phi sa cho cc nhu cu khc nhau n gin ch cn thay i gi
tr gi thit.
34
2. To cc tham chiu cho cc gi thit c bn

To gi thit c bn tham kho cho nc dng hng nm ca Thnh ph Big: Big
City Annual Water Use. lm iu ny, vo ca s Annual Water Use ca Big
City trong khung Data. Nhp chut ln Expression Builder trn trnh n menu
xung v nhp gi tr nc dng hng nm Annual Water Use Rate (300 m3 nh
nhp trc y) .
Trong ca s Expression Builder , xo gi tr 300 phn pha di ca hp thoi

Expression Builder, nhp chut vo th Branches, sau nhp vo Unit
Domestic Water Rate ri dng chut ko dng Unit Domestic Water Rate xung
v tr 300 va xa. Nhn Finish kt thc.
Lp li cc bc nh vy v th lng nc s dng 3500 m3/ha cho v tr nhu cu

nng nghip Agriculture vi gi thit mi c to Unit Irrigation Water Needs.
Kim tra li kt qu bng cch tnh li, kt qu ln tnh ny phi ging vi kt qu
tnh phn WEAP trong 1 gi:
35
Annual Demand for Agriculture
350 M m3
Annual Demand for Urban Area
240 M m3
S dng cc tin trnh tng t, tham kho n cc d liu ca cc i tng

khc c th c to. N hu dng trong tng trng hp c th. Nh vo vic
ko v th i tng c tham chiu t cy cu trc n vng son tho ca
expression builder, mt danh sch cc gi tr c th thay i xut hin.
II. S dng xy dng biu thc (Expression Builder)

1. To cc biu thc ton hc
Thay i nhu cu nc hng thng ca thnh ph Big City bng mt biu thc
ton hc. Nhp chut ln th Monthly Variation (trong ca s Water Use ) v la
chn xy dng biu thc Expression Builder t thanh trnh n xung.
To mt biu thc ton hc sau bng cch ko Domestic Variation xung phn
nh text di v nhp vo cc s hiu chnh:
Domestic Variation * 100 / 12
36

Ch rng nu c mt li no trong vic xy dng biu thc, v d nh vic
bn nhp vo khong trng thay v mt php chia, th mt bng thng bo li s
xut hin khi bn nhp vo Finish. Sau bn c xem li v chnh sa li
biu thc cho ng. Sau khi bn sa li biu thc, bn phi nhp vo Verify
trc khi nhp vo Finish.
Xem cc kt qu kh nng p ng nhu cu sau khi c cc thay i. Nhp chut vo

Results v nhp co nt Yes tnh ton li. Kt qu s th hin nh di y:
Ch rng by gi nhu cu nc khng tho mn trong thng 12 cho thnh ph

Big City bi v c s thay i trong thng 12 gim t 8.5% (da trn s ngy trong
thng) n 7.5% (da trn biu thc ton hc Domestic Variation). Bn c th xem
li cc gi tr c tnh ton t biu thc trong Monthly Variation bng cch la
chn th Table trong bng d liu trong ca s d liu.
2. S dng Built in Functions

S gi thit rng dn s hin ti (2000) ca thnh ph Big l khng bit, nhng
chng ta bit c dn s ca thnh ph trong thi gian trc y qua trnh thng k
37
iu tra dn s v c lng t l gia tng. S dng biu thc c thit lp sn trong

cu trc GrowthFrom tnh ton dn s hin ti ca thnh ph. lm iu ny
la chn Expression Builder t trnh n xung trong trng d liu 2000 bn
trong ca s Annual Activity Level ca thnh ph Big. Xo gi tr hin ti
800000, nhp chut vo th Function tt hn l trn th Branch v ko chut
xung trng son tho biu thc GrowthFrom la chn trong biu thc thip lp
sn.
Nhp cc d liu di y vo trong biu thc GrowthFrom .

Date of last Census
1990
Population at last census
733,530
Estimated growth rate
1.75%
38
Biu thc c vit nh sau:

GrowthFrom(1.75%, 1990, 733530)
Biu thc thit lp sn trong phn mm l mt cc n gin nhp cc biu thc

v cu trc. C th nhp trc tip cu trc, cc tham chiu, v cc biu thc ton hc
trc tip trn ca s biu thc chnh.
39
WEAP
Phn 4: CC KCH BN
Hng dn dng
I. Chun b nn cho cc kch bn ...............................................................................41

1. Tm hiu cu trc ca cc kch bn trong WEAP ..............................................41
2. Thay i khong thi gian trong vng nghin cu ............................................41
3. To thm cc kho gi thit ...............................................................................41
II. To kch bn tham chiu Reference Scenario.......................................................41
1. M t kch bn tham chiu .................................................................................41
2. Thay i n v s dng nc ti....................................................................42
3. Thit lp s gia tng dn s................................................................................44
4. Chy kch bn tham chiu (Reference Scenario) ...............................................44
III. To v chy cc kch bn.....................................................................................45
1. To mt kch bn mi m phng s gia tng dn s cao..............................45
2. Nhp d liu cho kch bn ny...........................................................................46
IV. S dng phng php dng chy nm in hnh (Water Year Method) ............48
1.nh ngha dng chy nm in hnh .................................................................48
2. To chui dng chy nm...............................................................................49
3. Thit lp m hnh s dng phng php dng chy nm in hnh..........51
4. Chy li m hnh.............................................................................................51
5. Thay i kch bn s k tha..........................................................................53
40
Ch :
hiu phn ny bn cn phi hon thnh cc phn trc (WEAP in One Hour and
Basic Tools) hay bn phi c hiu bit kh tt v WEAP (nh cu trc d liu, cc
kho gi thit, xy dng biu thc). bt u phn ny, vo thc n menu chnh
Main Menu , chn Revert to Version v chn phin bn t tn Starting Point
for Scenarios module.
I. Chun b nn cho cc kch bn

1. Tm hiu cu trc ca cc kch bn trong WEAP
Trong WEAP, m hnh kch bn c trng bao gm 3 bc. u tin, chn nm m
t hin trng Current Accounts nh l nm c s cho m hnh; m t hin trng
c xy dng t cc phn trc. Kch bn tham chiu Reference scenario c
thip lp t cc m t hin trng m ta khng th thay i c. Cui cng, cc kch
bn what if c th c to ra thay i kch bn tham chiu Reference
Scenario v nh gi s nh hng ca nhng thay i chnh sch v k thut.
c thm phn gip cc kch bn trong phn tr gip bit thm chi tit m
t tip cn WEAP.
2. Thay i khong thi gian trong vng nghin cu
Vo thc n General\Years and Time Steps, thay i khong thi gian Time
Horizon ca vng nghin cu.
Current Accounts Year
2000
(unchanged) Last Year of Scenarios 2015

3. To thm cc kho gi thit
To thm gi thit c bn sau:
Population Growth Rate
2.2%
Khng c n v cho kho gi thit ny, nhng nh l phi thay i trng Scale
l % Percent.
II. To kch bn tham chiu Reference Scenario

1. M t kch bn tham chiu
Kch bn tham chiu lun lun tn ti. Thay i s m t ca n trong thc n
Area\Manage Scenarios phn nh vai tr thc t ca n. Ch rng bn phi ang
thao tc trn khung cnh d liu Data hay khung cnh s Schematic th bn
mi vo c Manage Scenarios trong thc n Area.
V d, kch bn c s vi t l gia tng dn s lin tc t nm 1960-1995 v c cht t
41
ci tin k thut ti.
2. Thay i n v s dng nc ti
Trong khung d liu Data, thay i n v dng nc ti Unit Irrigation Water
Needs tc ng n mu mi hng nm trong thi on (2001- 2015) sau nm
hin trng. thc hin s thay i ny, bn phi chn kch bn tham chiu
Reference scenario t trnh n i xung trn nh mn hnh, dng Yearly
Time-Series Wizard xy dng li chui thi gian.
u tin nhp vo nt Interpolate, k tip nhp nt Next (Hnh di).
42
Click vo Enter Data trong ca s tip theo, nhp Next, sau nhp Add
thm vo d liu theo chui thi gian:
Type of Time Series:
Interpolate
Data:
2000
3500
2005
3300
2010
3200
2015
3150
Growth after last year:
0%
Ch rng im d liu u tin, nm 2000, mc nh khng nn sa i, bi v

n c nhp vo t gi thit c bn Unit Irrigation Water Needs c to trong
kch bn hin trng.
43

Khi chy Yearly Time Series Wizard, WEAP gii thiu mt lot cc k thut
xy dng chui thi gian,bao gm nhp t file Excel, to theo cc bc chc
nng, s dng cc biu thc ton d bo,.. .
Chc nng Yearly Time Series Wizard s gip bn to cc biu thc. Cng
c th ch n gin l nhp hay son tho cng thc (trong trng hp ny l,
Interp( 2000,3300, 2005,3300, 2010,3200, 2015,3150 ) m khng dng cc
cng c chuyn dng khc, cng nh khng nhp trc tip trn Expression
Builder.
3. Thit lp s gia tng dn s

Thit lp dn s thnh ph Big City tng theo t l c xc nh bng gi thit c
bn Population Growth Rate c nh ngha trong bc trc y. y s phi
chn li kch bn tham chiu Reference scenario trn trnh n nh mn hnh
ca khung d liu Data.
Phi chc chn rng chn nhu cu nc v mc cp hng nm ca thnh ph
(Demand Site and Annual Activity Level). Xo biu thc hin ti v chn chc nng
Growth trong mc xy dng biu thc Expression Builder bn di trng
2001- 2015 (ch rng biu thc hin ti trong trng ny ging nh nm m t
hin trng). Sau nhp vo th Branch trn trng son tho. Hoc nhp i
chut vo gi thit c bn Population Growth Rate trong cy cu trc d liu, hay
ko n xung ca s biu thc. Hm cui cng phi hin l Growth(Key\Population
Growth Rate/100).
Ch rng bn phi chia t l gia tng dn s Population Growth Rate cho 100 v
WEAP tnh gi tr 2.2 trong gi thit c bn l 0.022 trong tnh ton.
4. Chy kch bn tham chiu (Reference Scenario)

Nhp chut vo khung kt qu Results chy kch bn tham chiu. Hy nhn vo
th khng tha mn nhu cu nc 3-D Unmet Demand (chn tng lng hng
nm Annual Total) cho tt c cc v tr nhu cu nc. N s cho kt qu tng t
44
nh hnh di y. Ngh v cc im di y.
Lm th no so snh pht trin nhu cu nc vi kh nng p ng? Ti sao tng
lng nc thiu li gim lc u v tng sau ?
III. To v chy cc kch bn

1. To mt kch bn mi m phng s gia tng dn s cao
To mt kch bn mi nh gi tc ng t l gia tng dn s ca thnh ph Big
cao hn 2.2% cho giai on 2001- 2015.
thc hin vic ny, chn thc n Area, Manage Scenario, nhp phi chut
ln kch bn tham chiu Reference scenario v chn Add. t tn kch bn ny l
High Population Growth v thm vo s miu t l Kch bn ny nh gi s tc
ng ca t l tng dn s thnh ph Big t gi tr 2,2% ln 5% (This scenario looks
at the impact of increasing the population growth rate for Big City from a value of
2.2% to 5.0%.)
45
2. Nhp d liu cho kch bn ny

thc hin cc s thay i di y trong khung d liu Data sau khi chn kch
bn mi trn trnh n xung ngay trn nh mn hnh:
La chn gi thit then cht Population Growth Rate v thay i gi tr trong
trng 2001- 2015 l 5.0. Ch rng mu sc trong trng ny s thay i sang mu
sau khi bn thay i iu ny xy ra cho bt k gi tr no m thay i khc
vi gi tr ca kch bn tham chiu Reference scenario .
46
3. So snh cc kt qu gia kch bn tham chiu v kch bn gia tng dn s cao hn

Higher Population Growth
So sch cc biu , kt qu gia hai kch bn v a ra kt lun.
V d, chn nhu cu nc Water Demand trn trnh n xung. Nhp chn trn
trnh n biu (trn li ch thch biu ), v la chn tt c kch bn All
Scenarios. Chn hin th duy nht nhu cu nc ca thnh ph Big City bng
cch chn n t danh mc xung t pha trn, bn tri trong menu kt qa . th
s ging nh hnh di y.
Ch nhu cu dng nc cao hn ca thnh ph trong kch bn gia tng dn s cao

hn Higher Population Growth, nh d on.
Tip theo, so snh lng nc thiu Unmet Demand gia hai kch bn. S dng
trnh n xung chn Unmet Demand.
47
Mt ln na thy lng nc trong kch bn dn s tng cao hn thiu nhiu hn.

Khi to nhiu kch bn trong cng mt vng nghin cu, vic tnh ton s lu
hn. Trong trng hp ny bn c th loi tr mt s kch bn ra khi vic tnh
ton bng cch nh du b n trong hin th kt qu kch bn ny Show
results for this scenario trong mc qu l cc kch bn.
IV. S dng phng php dng chy nm in hnh (Water Year Method)
1.nh ngha dng chy nm in hnh
Cc bi tp trc ch nhc n s thay i nhu cu nc nhng cha nhc n
ngun cung cp. Trong bc ny, chng ta s xem xt vic nhp s thay i t nhin
trong cc d liu kh hu nh th no (dng chy sng, lng ma, ..) c th a
vo cc php ton ca WEAP thng qua cc phn tch kch bn. Chng ta s s dng
phng php dng chy nm in hnh Water Year Method lm v d. Phng
php dng chy nm in hnh hiu mt cch n gin l n i din cho s thay i
khc nhau ca d liu kh hu nh dng chy sng, lng ma, lng nc ngm
c np li. u tin phng php ny bao hm vic nh ngha cc ch kh hu
khc nhau nh th no (nh: rt kh, kh, rt m,..) so snh tng i vi nm nc
bnh thng m c gn gi tr l 1. Nm kit nc c gi tr nh hn 1, nm nhiu
nc c gi tr ln hn 1.
thc hin, bn phi chn kch bn Reference, vo khung d liu data v
nhp chut vo nhnh Water Year Method di nhnh Hydrology trong cy
cu trc d liu.
48
Chn Definitions v nhp vo d liu di y:

Very Dry
0.7
Dry
0.8
Normal
1.0
Wet
1.3
Very wet
1.45
C th nhp vo d liu hng thng nu cc d liu thng l y .
2. To chui dng chy nm

Bc tip theo trong s dng phng php dng chy nm l to chui cc bin
ng kh hu trong thi on kch bn. Mi nm coi nh mt thi on v c gn
mt mu thi tit . Vi kch bn Reference, chng ta s gi thit chui sau:
2001-2003
normal
2004
very dry
49
2005
wet
2006-2008
normal
2009-2010
dry
2011
very wet
2012
normal
2013
wet
2014
normal
2015
dry
nhp chui ny vo, chn Sequence di nhnh Water Year Method.

ch bnh thng cho cc php ton hin hnh
Sau , chn kch bn Reference v nhp vo chui trn.
50

a c dng chy vo vo trong m hnh (trong trng hp ca chng ta
n l u ngun ca con sng chnh) thay i theo thi gian, WEAP xut
hai phng php. Nu bn c s liu chi tit v thi tit, th s dng chc nng
c t file ReadFromFile. Phng php khc, l phng php trnh by
y, chnh l phng php dng chy nm in hnh Water Year Method.
Vi phng php ny, mi nm trong m hnh c th c nh ngha nh: nm
bnh thng, kh, rt kh, nhiu nc, rt nhiu nc. Cc kch bn khc nhau
c th thay i li sau khi chn chui nm kh v nhiu nc nh gi tc
ng ca s bin i t nhin trong vic qun l ngun ti nguyn nc.
3. Thit lp m hnh s dng phng php dng chy nm in hnh

Trong cy cu trc d liu, thay i dng chy u vo Headflow cho con sng
chnh Main River trong kch bn Reference s dng phng php nm in
hnh. Ch rng trc , gi tr dng chy u vo hng thng l ging nhau cho
giai on 2001-2015 cng nh nm 2000, nm tnh ton hin hnh.
S dng thanh ko trong Get Values from chn phng php ny. Bn cng c
th di con tr sang tri trn mn hnh lm xut hin mc Get Values from
4. Chy li m hnh
Chy li m hnh ln na v so snh lng nc thiu Unmet Demand ca kch
bn Reference v kch bn Higher Population Growth so vi trc ( tt
nhin l nhu cu nc Water Demand s khng thay i sau khi bn thay i
ngun cp bng phng phng php nm in hnh).
51
Ch rng lng nc thiu ca thnh ph tt c cc kch bn tnh bng phng

php nm in hnh l khng chnh xc bng gi thit nhp dng chy u vo khng
i cho con sng chnh Main River nh c quan st phn bi tp trc. Trong
trng hp hin ti, s thay i lng nc thiu l ging nh s thay i kh hu
tng lai. Trong sut nhng nm nhiu nc hay rt nhiu nc so vi nm 2000
(2000, nm tnh hin hnh), lng nc thiu thc t thng thp hn nm 2000 vi
tt c cc kch bn, thm ch vi vic tng nhu cu nc t vic gia tng dn s (2.2%
vi kch bn Reference v 5.0% vi kch bn Higher Population Growth). S
gia tng lng ma, v dng chy u vo cc con sng, gim nh s tng nhu cu
nc trong nm nhiu nc.
iu ngc li sy ra trong nm t nc, ni m s pht trin dn s tng nhanh
chng v lng nc ma, dng chy u vo cc con sng trong nhng nm l
thp hn. iu ny a n thm ch lng nc thiu tng hn so vi lng nc
thiu tnh ton vi gi thit kh hu khng i. (nh c thc hin phn trc).
Khi lng nc thiu khc nhau gia mt bn l lng nhu cu ln v mt bn
l lng cung cp ln, thm ch l mt thay i nh lng cp ti nhu cu gn
nh khng i c th c tc ng rt ln n lng nc thiu.
M hnh ny khng xt n bt k s tch tr nc no hng nm (nh h
cha, nc ngm). V vy, khng c cch no gim lng nc thiu ht
trong nhng nm thiu nc t nhng nm nhiu nc. m t c th hn m
hnh kho tr nh th no, hy c phn hng dn thit lp s cp nc
Refining the Supplytrong WEAP.
Nu bn mun so snh cng mt biu trong WEAP, cc kt qu cho phng php

nm in hnh vi gi thit rng iu kin kh hu l khng i, bn c th to ra mt
kch bn mi nh s dng phng php nm in hnh tt hn l thay i d liu
trong kch bn Reference iu chnh phng php nm in hnh. Kch bn mi
ny s k tha t kch bn Reference , v cy cu trc kch bn trong Scenarios
Manager s nh hnh sau:
52
Ch rng trong trng hp ny, c hai kch bn Reference (kh hu khng i)

v Water Year Method (kh hu thay i) s dng t l gia tng dn s bng 2.2%
vi Big City, k t kch bn Water Year Method c tha k t kch bn
Reference.
Nu mun so snh trong cng mt biu WEAP, iu kin kh hu khng i v
thay i kh hu s dng t l gia tng dn s 5%, c th to ra mt kch bn mi khc
k tha t kch bn m s dng phng php nm in hnh v thay i t l gia tng
dn s trong kch bn ny l 5%. Cy cu trc kch bn ging nh hnh di:
WEAP cho php khng gii hn cc tc ng trong cc vic sp xp kch bn.

Ch rng bn c th xut kt qu sang Excel, c th so snh vi cc kch
bn khc d dng hn. Vi c tnh ny s c tho lun chi tit hn trong
ni dung d liu kt qu v nh dng Data, Results, and Formatting.
5. Thay i kch bn s k tha

V d di y s gii thch s hu ch ca vic thay i s k tha kch bn trong
WEAP.
53
To mt kch bn mi k tha t kch bn Reference, v t tn n l

Extended Dry Climate Sequence. Cy cu trc kch bn c dng nh hnh di
y:
Vo khung d liu Data v chn kch bn mi ny son tho. Nhp vo nhnh

Water Year Method ca cy cu trc d liu (bn di nhnh Hydrology) son
tho chui kh hu nh di y:
2001-2003
normal
2004
wet
2005
normal
2006-2008
normal
2009-2010
very dry
2011
normal
2012
dry
2013
normal
2014
normal
2015
dry
Cc kt qu (hnh bn di) biu th lng nc thiu ca thnh ph Big cho chui

kh hu kh nng ko di Extended Dry Climate Sequence (chui kh hu mi v t
l gia tng dn s l 2.2 % ) lm gim mt phn gia kch bn tham chiu
Reference v kch bn t l gia tng dn s cao Higher Population Growth
Rate.
54
By gi, chng ta s thay i s k tha ca kch bn Extended Dry Climate

Sequence, t n di kch bn Higher Population Growth Rate k tha s
gia tng dn s l 5% ca kch bn . Trong hp thoi Scenario Manager, chn
kch bn Extended Dry Climate Sequence, nhp ko r n v chn Higher
Population Growth-c coi l mt kch bn gc mi
By gi, tnh ton li kt qu v xem lng nc thiu ca thnh ph Big City.

Nhng thay i no m bn phi khai bo cho lng nc thiu ca
thnh ph trong kch bn Extended Dry Climate Sequence?
55
Vi t l gia tng dn s cao v iu kin kh hu kh hn, lm cho lng nc

thiu v c bn thay i.
56
WEAP
Phn 5: XY DNG PHN TCH NHU CU

Hng dn dng
I. Nhu cu tng th:....................................................................................................58

1. To mt v tr cp nc mi ...........................................................................58
2. To mt cu trc d liu cho nt nhu cu nc Rural................................58
3. Nhp d liu mc hot ng hng nm (quy m dng nc)........................59
4. Nhp vo nhp dng nc hng nm ........................................................60
5. Kim tra kt qu..............................................................................................61
II. M hnh qun l v tr cp nc, tn tht v ti s dng ......................................63
1. Thit lp cch qun l v tr cp n cch tip cn ring r ......................63
2. Thit lp cch qun l v tr cp nc _ tip cn tng th..............................67
3. M hnh ti s dng nc...............................................................................68
4. M hnh lng tn tht ...................................................................................69
III. Thit lp quyn u tin phn phi cp nc........................................................70
1. Son tho quyn u tin cp...........................................................................70
2. So snh kt qu ...............................................................................................71
57
Ch :
Trong phn ny bn cn hon thnh nhng phn trc hoc l phi bit kh tt v
phn mm WEAP . bt u phn ny, vo mc Main, chn Revert to
Version v chn phin bn tn Starting Point for all modules after Scenarios
module.
I. Nhu cu tng th:

1. To mt v tr cp nc mi
Trong cc php ton hin hnh, to mt v tr nhu cu nc mi ti dng chy h
lu ca thnh ph Big City thit lp mt nhu cu nc cho nng thn. Tn ca
nt ny l Rural v gn cho n mt quyn u tin cpDemand Priority = 1. To
mt ng dn t dng chy h lu nm trn sng chnh ca thnh ph v dng chy
hi quy ca vng nng nghip. Quyn u tin cung cp Supply Preference nn
thit lp l 1. ng thi cng cung cp mt dng chy hi quy cho vng nng thn
Rural m im t ca n pha di h lu. Nhp t l nc hi quy Return
Flow Routing l 100%.
Vng nghin cu ca bn tng t nh hnh di y:
2. To mt cu trc d liu cho nt nhu cu nc Rural

to mt cu trc d liu nhp phi chut ln v tr nhu cu nc Rural trn
cy d liu, v chn Add to cu trc c dng nh hnh di y (cha vo bt
k d liu no):
58
Ch rng Showers, Toilets, Washing, v Others c thm vo bn di

nhnh ph Single Family Houses.
3. Nhp d liu mc hot ng hng nm (quy m dng nc)

Nhp vo nhng d liu sau vo Rural trong Annual Activity Level :
Rural
120,000 Households
Single Family Houses
70%
Share Showers
80%
Saturation Toilets
90%
Saturation Washing
55%
Saturation Others
35%
Saturation Apartment
Expression Builder)
Buildings
Remainder
share
(use
the
59
Mc phn phi Share v bo ha Saturation: thm ch hai kiu loi

phn trm c tnh ton ton hc nh nhau trong WEAP, nhng chng thuc
hai khi nim khc nhau. Ti mt cp trn cy cu trc, tng ca chng li
phi lun bng 100%. Chng cung cp mt chc nng remainder t ng
tnh trn 100%. bo ha biu th nhp thm nhp cho cc thit b c bit
v n khng ph thuc vo cc loi thit b khc nhau nh, mc dng nc cho
tt c mt cp nhnh khng nht thit phi bng 100.
4. Nhp vo nhp dng nc hng nm

Nhp vo d liu sau y cho v tr nhu cu Rural trong Annual Water Use
Rate.
Rural
Single Family Houses
60
Showers
80 m3/household
Toilets
120 m3/household
Washing
60 m3/household
Others
40 m3/household
Apartment Buildings
220 m3/household
Consumption (in consumption tab) 80%

Ch rng gi tr gi thit Consumption c nhp vo cho ton b nt Rural
demand, v khng nhp trn nhnh ph.
5. Kim tra kt qu
Tnh ton li kt qu ca bn. Trong khung kt qu Results, chn Water
Demand t thanh ko chnh. Chn All Branches t thanh ko trn biu ch
thch. La chn 3D v biu thanh khi nh dng vic s dng thanh ko cho
biu tng Chart Type trn thanh cng c bn phi mn hnh (nm v tr u
tin trn thanh cng c). Chn nt nhu cu nc Rural t thanh ko trn biu .
61
xem kt qu nhu cu nc Water Demand ca tt c nhnh Rural (nh,

Single Family Houses\Showers; Apartment Buildings), chn cp 2 trn
Levels (nm trc tip trn biu ). Kt qu biu ging nh hnh sau:
Bn c bit ti sao nhu cu nc Rural li thay i trong nm mc d chng ta

khng nhp vo bt k s thay i no?
S thay i trong nhu cu nc Rural l v trn thc t cc gi thit ca
WEAP ch l nhu cu nc hng ngy khng i (khng c nhu cu nc hng
thng xc nh bi ngi dng m hnh WEAP), v vy cc thng c s ngy t
hn (nh thng 2) nhu cu nc s thp hn nhng thng c s ngy nhiu hn
(nh thng 1).
By gi to mt biu dng 3D cho Demand Site Coverage v chn tt c cc

v tr cp nc. (hnh bn di).
62
Bn c hiu ti sao lng nc c tho mn lun bng 100% vi Rural nhng

khng bng vi Big City v Agriculture, thm ch chng c mc u tin cung
cp ging nhau?
im ly nc Rural nm dng h lu im hi quy dng chy ca thnh
ph Big City, iu c ngha l n c cng thm dung tch nc trn
sng, dng chy hi quy ny c th d dng tho mn nhu cu cho vng nh .
II. M hnh qun l v tr cp nc, tn tht v ti s dng

1. Thit lp cch qun l v tr cp n cch tip cn ring r
Chng ta c th to ra mt kch bn mi nghin cu chin lc qun l v tr cp
nc. Gi kch bn ny l New Washing Machines DSM; do n c to t kch
bn tham chiu Reference nn n s c iu kin kh hu v s gia tng dn s
ca thnh ph Big City ging nh kch bn tham chiu Reference. Cu trc
kch bn trong ca s qun l cc kch bn Manage Scenarios s ging nh hnh
ny:
63
Chng ta s gi thit rng loi kch bn mi ny cho php ta tit kim c 2/3
(66.7%) lng nc sch trong gi thit. Kch bn mi ny s nh gi tc ng ca
vic m bo qun l v tr cp nc nu 50% s h s dng nc sch.
u tin, tr v cc php ton hin hnh trong khung d liu Data, ti y bn to
ra 2 nhnh mi (my c Old Machines v my mi New Machines) trong cy
cu trc d liu Rural. Thc t, bn phn tn lng nc ra hai loi my ny.
Ch rng bn phi tr v cc php ton hin hnh bi v tt c cu trc d liu u
c nhp vo , thm l ngay c khi bn nhp vo cc binm n khng kch hot
trong php ton hin hnh v kch bn tham chiu Reference
Khi bn thm vo nhnh ph u tin di nhnh Washing, bn s nhn c
thng bo sau y:
Nhp vo Yes thm vo cu trc d liu sau:
Thay i n v ca Old Machines v New Machines l Shares. Mc hot

ng ca my lm sch nc c l 60 m3/household, n l gi tr biu th mc lm
sch cao hn trc .
64
Nhp vo gi tr l 100% cho Old Machines Activity Level. V trng n trong

New Machines iu ny ng ngha l nhp gi tr 0 vo. Nn nh rng, bn
ang nhp cc gi tr trn cho php ton hin hnh, v vy bn ch cho Old
Machines hot ng trong kch bn tham chiu reference thi. Vic lm ny to
li nh hng ging nh nh hng ca cc bin tng th trong Washing php
ton v kch bn Reference trc .Bin New Machines s c kch hot
trong kch bn New Washing Machines DSM (hnh bn di).
By gi, bt kch bn New Washing Machines DSM.

Nhp gi tr 50 cho New Machines (50% my lm sch s l my mi) v
Remainder(100) cho my c Old Machines- c ngha l 50% cn li l my c (s
dng cng c xy dng biu thc).
65
Bn s phi nhp li mc dng nc cho my c v nhp mc dng nc mi cho my

mi:
Old Machines
60 m3/household
New Machines
60*0.667 m3/household
By gi hy so snh kt qu nhu cu nc cho nhnh Washing mc Rural

gia kch bn tham chiu Referencev kch bn New Washing Machines DSM.
Trong khung kt qu ny, nhp chn Table v chn bin Water Demand. Chn
Annual Total hn l chn Monthly Average v chn 2001 (bn c th ch xem
cc con s kt qu cho tng nm ti mt thi im khi bn so snh cc kch bn
trong khung Table, nhng iu ny khng gy kh khn v chng ta khng cn
phi m hnh ha cho nhng thay i theo thi gian cho bin Washing.Chn
Demand Sites\Rural\Single Family Houses\Washing t thanh ko bn tri v All
Branches t thanh ko bn phi.Chn hai kch bn Reference v New Washing
Mechines DMS trn thanh ko di y ca s.(xem hnh di)
66
Ch rng kt qu vic s dng my lm sch mi trong nm 2001 (v tt cc

nhng nm sau trong thi on kch bn New Washing Machines DSM) l trong
khong 460000 m3 t hn lng nc dng nu ch s dng my lm sch c trong
kch bn tham kho Reference.
DSM cho php ta so snh c cc nhu cu nc gi thit khc nhau trong
tng lai (so snh c s thay i nhu cu nc hay ngun cp nc ). Vi
m hnh DMS cn cho php gim bt phm tr tc ng do s tiu th.Khng
c cch thc no ng hoc sai trong m hnh DMS.
2. Thit lp cch qun l v tr cp nc _ tip cn tng th

Nu d liu ring r khng c gi tr, mt gi tr tng ng ca DMS c th c
tnh ton. Trong v d ny, gi thit chng ta khng c nhu cu nc ring r cho
vng Rural, chng ta c th a ra kt qu tng t bng vic s dng hp thoi
Demand Management cho cc v tr nhu cu nc trong khung cu trc d liu
Data. Trong trng hp ny s bin i l :
Lng nc phn phi cho my git trc 2,772/26,316 = 10.5%
T l my mi
50%
Lng gim ca my mi
66.6%
Cng tt c phn trm ca chng = 3.5%

Gi tr ny c th c nhp vo trong Demand Management
/Demand Savings tab cho nhnh Rural ca kch bn DSM.
67
Vic o c DSM khng c a vo cc php ton trong khung nhu cu.

xem c tc ng ca n, hy nhn vo s thay i trong lng nc yu cu
cp Supply Requirement.
3. M hnh ti s dng nc
Mt lng nuc khc c nghin cu y trong cc kch bn l lng nc ti
s dng. To mt kch bn mi t kch bn tham chiu Reference v t tn l
Big City Reuse. Bn phi chc chn rng chuyn qua kch bn mi ny, nhp
chut ln nhnh Big City. Nhp chut vo nt Loss and Reuse v nhp vo
Reuse.
Nhp vo biu thc di y trong trng 20012015 s dng Expression

Builder:
Smooth(2001,5, 2005,18, 2015,25)
68
u tin, ko chc nng Smooth vo trong trng son tho ca Expression

builder v chn Smooth t hp thoi. Nhp Next v nhp vo gi tr d liu.
Bn s c mt biu nh hnh di y. Ch rng Reuse trong php ton hin
hnh (2000) l bng 0. Nhp vo Finish.
So snh lng nc thiu ca thnh ph trc v sau khi c ti s dng lng nc.
Bn s c biu nh di y, n th hin c s gim ng k lng nc thiu
ca thnh ph khi k hoch ti s dng nc c dng.
4. M hnh lng tn tht

Son tho li m hnh a vo cc php ton lng tn tht thc t l bng 20%
lng nc trong ton b mng ca thnh ph Big City. Thc hin s thay i ny
trong cc php ton n c nh hng ti ton b kch bn Reference v c
nhng kch bn khc.
69
Ci g xy ra vi lng nc thiu v lng nc ti s dng ca thnh ph trong tt

c cc kch bn so vi cc tnh ton trc y khi khng k ti lng tn tht ?
Tn tht nc c th xy ra trong ng truyn dn nc, trong ni b v tr

nhu cu nc hay trong dng chy hi quy. Lng tn tht trong ng truyn
dn s nh hng n lng cp nc n v tr cp. Lng tn tht ti v tr
cp s nh hng ti yu cu cp . Lng tn tht trong dng chy hi quy ch
nh hng n dng chy hi quy.
III. Thit lp quyn u tin phn phi cp nc

1. Son tho quyn u tin cp
To mt kch bn mi, k tha t kch bn tham chiu Reference, v t tn l
Changing Demand Priorities. Thay i quyn u tin cp cho v tr nhu cu nc
nng nghip trong khung d liu bng cch nhp chut ln nhnh Agriculture v
70
nhp vo nt Priority, hay nhp chut ln nt trong khung s v la chn

General Info .
Thay i quyn u tin Demand Priority t 1 n 2.
Mt quyn u tin nhu cu c th l mt s bt k t 1 n 99 v cho php

ngi s dng xc lp th t theo yu cu nc cn tha mn ca cc v tr cp
nc. WEAP s c gng tho mn yu cu nc ca v tr cp c quyn u tin
l 1, tip theo l quyn u tin 2 v tng t tip theo sau. Nu 2 v tr nhu cu
c cng quyn u tin, WEAP s c gng tho mn cn bng cho c 2 yu cu
nc ny. iu ny l khng hon ton lun ng nh vy; n ch ng vi cc
i tng c sp xp lin quan vi nhau. V d, nu c 2 v tr nhu cu nc,
kt qu ging nhau s xut hin nu cc quyn u tin ny c thit lp l 1 v
2 hay 1 v 99.
Quyn u tin cp cho php ngi s dng m t la lng nc c nh trong
WEAP khi n xut hin.
C th thay i quyn u tin nhu cu trong khung cnh d liu Data
View\Priority chn th screen\Demand Priority .
2. So snh kt qu
Hin th kt qu lng nc thiu ca vng nng nghip ca hai kch bn
Reference v Changing Demand Priorities. Kt qu biu ging nh hnh
di y:
71
Ch rng lng nc thiu vng nng nghip s tng khi quyn u tin cp nc
vng ny i thnh 2. Bi v lng nc cung cp cho vng thnh ph c quyn
u tin cao hn. Kt qu c th hin biu cp nc bnh qun hng thng ca
thnh ph v nng nghip qua cc nm trong kch bn tham chiu Reference
By gi so snh cc kt qu vi biu kch bn Changing Demand Priorities.
72
Ch rng trong kch bn tham chiu reference, ma xun v nhng thng cui
ma h c thnh ph v vng nng nghip u khng c p ng nc bi v
c hai vng ny u c chia ngun nc cp t sng chnh bng nhau. Khi thnh
ph nhn c quyn u tin cp trc n s lm thay i lng nc cp cho nng
nghip.Ch mc cp nc cho v tr ly nc vng nng thn lun l 100%- v
dng hi quy t thnh ph v vng nng nghip lun tha mn lng nc yu cu
c thit lp bi Rural demand site.
73
WEAP
Phn 6: SP T NGUN CP NC
Hng dn dng
I. Thay i quyn u tin cp nc ...........................................................................75

1. To mt ng truyn dn cho lng nc ti s dng ................................75
2. Kt qu sau khi bn thay i quyn u tin cp nc....................................75
3. Tr li m hnh ban u (m hnh gc)..........................................................77
II. M hnh h cha ...................................................................................................77
1. To mt h cha v nhp vo cc d liu lin quan ......................................77
2. Chy m hnh v nh gi kt qu .................................................................79
III. Thm vo dng chy yu cu ..............................................................................83
1. To mt dng chy yu cu ............................................................................83
IV. M hnh ngun nc ngm..................................................................................86
1. To mt ngun nc ngm.............................................................................86
2. Kt ni lng nc ngm ca thnh ph n thnh ph................................87
3. B sung cc c im ca ng truyn dn gia thnh ph v sng chnh .87
74
Ch :
Trong phn ny bn phi hon thnh tt c cc phn trn, hay bn phi bit s dng
WEAP tt (cu trc d liu, kho gi thit, xy dng biu thc, to kch bn). bt
u phn ny, vo thc n Main, chn Revert to Version v chn phin bn tn
Starting Point for all modules after Scenarios module.
I. Thay i quyn u tin cp nc

1. To mt ng truyn dn cho lng nc ti s dng
To mt ng truyn dn bt u t v tr nhu cu nc thnh ph v kt thc ti v
tr nhu cu nc nng nghip. Thit lp quyn u tin cp cho ng truyn ny l 2.
Supply Preference
Nu cht lng nc km, c th thm vo trm x l nc thi x l nc

t thnh ph trc khi chuyn n vng nng nghip.
2. Kt qu sau khi bn thay i quyn u tin cp nc

Th thay i quyn u tin cp nc ca 2 ng truyn dn cp cho vng nng
nghip v kt qu ca v tr n cung cp. thay i quyn u tin cp nc, nhp
phi chut trong khung cnh s hay c th vo khung cnh d liu.
75
Th thay i nhng ni dung nh sau:

Supply Preferences = 1 cho sng chnh, 2 t thnh ph Big City
Supply Preferences = 2 t sng chnh, 1 t thnh ph Big City
76
Supply Preferences = 1 t sng chnh v 1 t thnh ph Big City
Bn bit ti sao c s khc nhau trong lng nc cung cp c khi thay i quyn
u tin cung cp?
Bn c th hiu chnh li kt qu hin th trong s bng cch vo thc n:
Schematic\Change the Priority View. Ty chn View Allocation Order s
hin ra th t cc quyn u tin m c WEAP tnh ton cung cp. y l mt
chc nng quyn u tin cung cp ca cc ng truyn dn ging nh quyn
u tin nhu cu ca v tr nhu cu.
Ch rng bn phi nghin cu cc tc ng ca s thay i quyn u tin
cung cp, ging nh quyn u tin nhu cu, c to ra nh cc kch bn
trc.
3. Tr li m hnh ban u (m hnh gc)

Bn c th lm iu ny bng cch s dng tu chn Revert to Version trong trnh
n Erea. Chn Starting Point for all modules after Scenarios module nh bn
lm phn bt u ca bi tp ny.
II. M hnh h cha

1. To mt h cha v nhp vo cc d liu lin quan
u tin, to mt kch bn mi k tha t kch bn tham chiu, v t tn l Reservoir
Added.
77
Sau thm vo mt i tng h cha trn thng lu sng chnh ca thnh ph

Big City, v t tn l Main River Reservoir . Bn phi nh b chn trong hp
thoi c hi l c hot ng trong ti khon hin ti khng? active in Current
Accounts.
Quyn u tin nhu cu l 99 (mc nh).
78
Nhp phi chut trn h Main River Reservoir v chn Edit Data . Chng bin
tng dung tch h cha Storage Capacity vo ca s nhp liu (bn phi chuyn
qua kch bn Reservoir Added). Khi bn trong ca s nhp liu, u tin phi nhp
chut ln nt Startup Year trc khi bn button before you can alter any other
parameters.
Chn nm 2002 l nm bt u cho h cha Main River Reservoir
Sau nhp chn nt Physical v thay i cc thng s sau:

Tng dung tch h Storage Capacity 70 M m3
Ch rng n v ca n l triu m3 Million
chi tit hn v quy trnh vn hnh v sn xut in nng c gii thiu

phn H cha v sn xut in nng Reservoirs and Power Production
2. Chy m hnh v nh gi kt qu
So snh lng nc p ng c ti v tr nhu cu ca vng nng nghip
79
Agriculture gia hai kch bn tham chiu Reference v Reservoir Added.

Lng nc cung cp c : ti sao vng nng nghip c lng
nc cp c cao hn vng h cha Main River Reservoir?
Dung tch h cha: phng php xy dng h cha nh trn c

ph hp khng?
S dng cc bin chnh trn thanh trnh n xung, chn Reservoir Storage
Volume v chn tt c cc nm All Years t trnh n xung di ay biu .
80
Dng chy trn sng: h cha trn sng lm thay i dng chy h
lu nh th no so snh vi kch bn tham kho?
Chn Streamflow(nh hnh di y) v nhp chn Monthly Average. Chn
nm 2002 t tu chn Selected Years. Chn im ly nc 2 so snh.
81
Bn c th chuyn i trc to logaric (nt biu tng Log bn phi trn mn

hnh) tht r hn s khc nhau gia dng chy thng v h lu ca h cha
Main River Reservoir.
By gi chn im ly nc 1 below Return Flow Node 1 so snh.

Ti sao dng chy y li tng t nhau trong hai kch bn?
Vic to mt h cha ln cho php lng tch lng nc tha trong thi gian
dng chy ln cp nc cho thi gian dng chy nh. Tuy nhin n s c tc
ng rt ln n nng lng dng chy h lu ca h. Dng chy h quy t
thnh ph v vng nng nghip cung cp mt lng dng chy vo trong sng
chnh Main River trong sut nhng thng ma xun v ma ng. Quy trnh
vn hnh v dng chy yu cu ca h cha c th c s dng lm gim
nh tc ng dng chy h lu h.
82
III. Thm vo dng chy yu cu

1. To mt dng chy yu cu
To mt kch bn khc tn Flow Requirement Added. Kch bn ny c k tha
t kch bn Reservoir Added. Ging nh hnh di y:
By gi thm vo dng chy yu cu trong khung cnh s bn di im ly

nc ca thnh ph, nhng nm trn thng lu im ly nc cho vng nng
nghip.
Quyn u tin nhu cu Demand Priority l 1 (mc nh)
Nhp phi chut trn dng chy yu cu v chn Edit Data\Minimal Flow
Requirement. Thm vo gi tr bn di y (bn phi chuyn qua kch bn Flow
Requirement nhp gi tr ny):
Dng chy nh nht yu cu Minimal Flow Requirement 5CMS (m3/s)
83
Xem kt qu di y v suy ngh g v nhng cu hi di y:
Vic thm vo dng chy yu cu lm thay i dng h lu nh th ?
So snh dng chy h lu khi c dng chy yu cu cho kch bn tham chiu
Reference, Reservoir Added, v Flow Requirement Added trong cng mt nm
(2002). Bn s thu c kt qu nh di y:
Dng chy yu cu cung cp l g?

Bn c th xem cc d liu ny bng cch chn Instream Flow Requirement
Coverage di Demand. (tt ch hin th trc to logaric v ch chn kch bn
Flow Requirement Added xem).
84
Ti sao lng nc cung cp c ca thnh ph b thay i?

Chn Demand Coverage t bin chnh trong trnh n xung, chn v tr nhu
cu Big City demand site, v chn kch bn Reference, Reservoir Added, v
Flow Requirement Added xem.
Vi gi thit l dng chy yu cu ny l quan trng hn lng nc cp cho thnh

ph, m hnh ny nn c thay i nh th no bo m rng dng chy h lu
c tho mn?
Mc quyn u tin cung cp ca thnh ph, vng nng nghip v dng chy yu
cu s xc nh nhu cu no c cp u tin. m bo rng dng chy
yu cu c cp u tin, thay i quyn u tin nhu cu ca thnh ph vi
gi tr cao hn dng chy yu cu.
85
IV. M hnh ngun nc ngm

1. To mt ngun nc ngm
To mt nt nc ngm k thnh ph v t tn l Big City Groundwater . Ch
, bn phi thc hin n trong ti khon hin ti Current Accounts.
Gn cho Big City Groundwater cc thuc tnh sau ( bn phi thc hin trong ti
khon hin ti):
Storage Capacity
Unlimited (mc nh, b trng)
Initial Storage
100M m3
Natural Recharge (s dng ca s Monthly Time Series, nhp

vo trong cc trng ca nm 2000)
Thng 12 n thng 2 0M m3/thng
Thng 3 n thng 11 10M m3/thng
86
2. Kt ni lng nc ngm ca thnh ph n thnh ph

S dng ng truyn dn nc Transmission Link kt ni ngun nc ngm
Big City Groundwater n v tr nhu cu nc thnh ph vi quyn u tin cp l
2 Supply Preference.
M hnh ca bn s ging nh hnh di y:
3. B sung cc c im ca ng truyn dn gia thnh ph v sng chnh

Thay i cc c im ca ng truyn dn n sng chnh (nt ly nc 1) (bn
phi thc hin vic ny trong ti khon hin ti):
Supply Preference
1 (mc nh)
Maximum Flow Volume 6 m3/sec
87
Xem kt qu di y v ngh g v cu hi sau:

Vic yu cu ht nc ngm cp cho cc nhu cu nc vi cc
iu kin trn c ph hp khng?
xem cc kt qu ny, chn Groundwater Storage t trnh n xung trong
Supply and Resources\Groundwater.
S quan h lng lng nc s dng t ngun nc ngm v con

sng chnh dn n v tr nhu cu nc thnh ph nh th no?
xem cc kt qu th ca thnh ph r rng, u tin chn Supply
Delivered trong trnh n xung. sau chn All Sources trnh n
xung pha phi mn hnh. K tip, chn v tr nhu cu nc thnh ph. Nhp chn
Annual Total. Kt qu nh hnh di y:
88

Lng nc ngm c phc hi v s tng tc qua li gia lng ma v
nc b mt c th c m hnh c th hn khi nhp d liu u vo. Vn
ny c nhc n k hn trong phn m hnh thu vn Hydrological
Modeling. Nhng ngun khc c th c m hnh bng cch s dng i
tng cung cp khc Other Supply, m c m t bng ng c tnh
hng thng. Cc i tng ny c th c s dng nh cc trm x l mui
hay chuyn i nc.
89
WEAP
Phn 7: D LIU, KT QU & NH DNG

Hng dn dng
I. Chuyn i d liu .................................................................................................91
1. Xut d liu sang Excel ..................................................................................91
2. S dng tnh nng tu chn t lc ca Excel ................................................92
3. Thay i d liu..............................................................................................92
4. Nhp d liu t Excel .....................................................................................93
II. Nhp chui thi gian .............................................................................................94
1. To mt i tng o dng chy....................................................................94
2. Nhp file d liu dng text .............................................................................94
3. So snh dng chy thc t v m hnh ...........................................................95
III. Lm vic vi kt qu............................................................................................96
1. To mt biu u thch................................................................................96
2. To mt khung cnh xem ...............................................................................97
3. S dng s ng lc Dynamic Map.......................................................98
4. Xut kt qu sang Excel .................................................................................98
5. Tnh ton thng k ..........................................................................................98
IV. nh dng ............................................................................................................99
1. Thay i din mo ca lp nn.......................................................................99
2. t tn lp Vector.........................................................................................101
3. Thm vo mt lp Raster Layer ..................................................................101
4. Di chuyn tn nhn .......................................................................................103
3. To c s h tn cho lu vc........................................................................137
4. Nhp d liu t thch hp ...........................................................................138
5. Nhp cc d liu kh hu thch hp ..............................................................139
6. Thit lp vng ti .......................................................................................139
90
Ch :
Trong phn ny bn phi hon thnh cc phn trc (WEAP trong 1 gi, cc cng
c c b, v cc kch bn) hay c hiu bit kh tt v chng trnh ny (cu trc d
liu, cc gi thit chnh, xy dng biu thc, to kch bn). bt u phn ny, vo
thc n Main, chn Revert to Version v chn phin bn tn Starting Point for
all modules after Scenarios module.
I. Chuyn i d liu
1. Xut d liu sang Excel
xut ton b d liu m hnh n Excel, vo khung cnh d liu v chn Edit,
Export to Excel.
Xut tt c cc nhnh, v ch tt c cc bin trong ti khon hin t (khng xut bt k
cc kch bn khc trong v d ny) n mt Workbook ca Excel.
Theo s ch dn trn to ra mt workbook trong Excel v cha ng tt c

cc bin c th thay i trong khung cnh d liu, s dng cng cu trc nh
trn cy cu trc d liu. Trong cc phn ln, bn c th chn xut ra duy
nht mt nhnh hin ti hay mt bin no .
91
2. S dng tnh nng tu chn t lc ca Excel

Trong bng tnh Excel c to trong cc bc trc, lc cc ni dung hin
th duy nht cc bin gi thit Consumption. Bn c th phi cun qua bn phi
xem cc ct ny.
S dng mi tn ch xung bn phi variable chng bin Consumption trnh
n xung.
Chc nng t ng lc Auto filtering khng thay i hay xo d liu, n ch

n cc dng khng quan tm. Bn c th s dng chc nng lc nhiu cp.
3. Thay i d liu
Trong bng tnh Excel c to ra cc bc trn, thc hin nhng s thay i
di y trong cc ct mu vng ( n c th n mt s ct bn c th nhn tt c
cc gi tr bin v v tr nhu cu):
Big City Consumption
5% (gi tr gc l 15)
Agriculture Consumption
5% (gi tr gc l 90)
92
Cc gi tr nhp vo khng c ngha thc t, ch l v d. Khi to mt m

hnh ln, cch nhanh nhp nhiu d liu vo l s dng chc nng nhp v
xut d liu Excel. iu ny yu cu ngi dng phi thit lp m hnh ph hp
(cu trc d liu, tn).
4. Nhp d liu t Excel

Nhp li s thay i d liu trong Excel.
Trong WEAP, chn Edit, Import from Excel
Kim tra cc d liu gi thit b thay i trong m hnh ca bn.
WEAP lun c file Excel c nh du. Nu bn c nhiu file Excel ang m,

bn phi chn ng file mnh cn trc khi bt u chuyn vo trong WEAP.
Khi nhp li vo Excel, tt c cc dng c c, thm chnh bn dng chc
nng t lc.
93
II. Nhp chui thi gian

1. To mt i tng o dng chy
Thm mt i tng o dng chy Streamflow Gauge vo m hnh.
Chn my o dng chy dng chy h lu thnh ph, bn di nt dng chy hi
quy ca vng nng nghip v thnh ph.
2. Nhp file d liu dng text

Nhp d liu dng chy vo t file tnh text cha khong chng 100 nm s liu
dng chy n nm 2003. nhp file ny, s dng chc nng c t file
ReadFromFile th d liu ca my o dng chy trong nhnh cy Supply and
Resources\River\Streamflow Gauges.
G vo trong chc nng sau, ni m c file t th mc c gi
Additional Files:
ReadFromFile(Additional Files\River_Flow.csv)
94
Chc nng c t file c th c s dng cho bt k bit no m yu cu chui

thi gian, hng thng hay hng nm nh dng chy u vo, lng nc ngm
c phc hi,
WEAP s t ng xc nh ng nm v thng s dng d liu. Nu bn thay
i m hnh cc nm, WEAP s t ng c d liu ng.
thm thng tin v c php ca chc nng ny v nh dng file d liu c
th vo mc gip Read from File help topic.
3. So snh dng chy thc t v m hnh

Tnh ton li kt qu v so snh d liu dng chy lch s vi dng chy WEAP tnh
ton. Thc hin iu ny bng cch nhp vo th Chart ca khung cnh kt qu v
chn t bin chnh trn thanh trnh n xung: Supply and
Resources\River\Streamflow Relative to Gauge (Absolute).
95

WEAP s t ng so snh dng chy quan st c ti my o n im dng
chy thng lu gn nht. Trong trng hp trong v d ny, nt dng chy hi
quy 2 ( dng chy hi quy t vng nn nghip). so snh dng chy o c v
tnh ton l mt hnh thc ngi dng nh gi m hnh ny c i din
c cho h thng thc t hay khng.
Chn tu chn Selected Years t trnh n xung v chn cc nm 2000,

2001, 2002, v 2003 (ti khon hin ti l 2000, v file d liu cha ng nhng d
liu dng chy o c khng c nm 2003). Kch bn tham chiu s t c hin
th khi bn chn tu chn Selected Years. Bn s nhn c biu nh di y:
Ch rng dng chy tnh ton c s ln hn dng chy o c trong nm ti

khon hin ti (2000) nhng n s thp hn nhng nm k tip.
III. Lm vic vi kt qu
1. To mt biu u thch
To mt biu dng chy m c th hin c dng chy thc t o c t trm
o v dng chy tnh ton c ti cc nt tng ng ti cc trm o. (trong v d
ny, l nt dng chy 2 Return Flow Node 2). u tin, chn Streamflow t trnh
n xung. Sau chn Streamgauge v Below Return Flow Node 2 t danh
sch c th hin khi bn chn Select Nodes and Reaches t trnh n xung
ca biu the Supply and Resources\River\Streamflow (hnh di). Cui cng,
chn nm 2000, 2001, 2002, v 2003 c i din trong biu s dng trnh n
xung y ca s.
Lu biu ny dng l mt biu u thch (hay c s dng) bng cch dng
tu chn Favorite, Save Chart as Favorite. t tn file l Simulated and
96
Observed Streamflow Comparison.
T lc ny tr i, biu s xut hin danh sch cc biu u thch trong

khung cnh kt qu. Bn c th kt xut d liu sang Excel hay vo clipboard,
thay i nh dng v hin th ca cc hnh minh ho v biu , tnh ton s
liu thng k,
2. To mt khung cnh xem

To mt khung cnh xem Overview hin th biu dnng chy, dng chy vo,
dng chy ra vng nghin cu.
Chn khung cnh Overview. Trong Manage Overviews, chn Inflows to
Area, Outflows to Area v chn biu u thch c to cc bc trc.
Overviews c th c to t bt k s phi hp biu u thch no. Tt c

d liu trong overviews c th c hin th trong bng biu v c th c
xut sang Excel.
97
3. S dng s ng lc Dynamic Map

Kt qu s ng lc l cch nhanh c c mt khung cnh tng quan cc kt
qu tnh ton c. Trong khung cnh kt qu Results, chn th Map v nhp
chut ln thanh trt thi gian quan st cc nhn t thay i.
Th thc hin iu ny bng cch chn Main Rivers streamflow.
Ch rng bn cng c th ko con tr trt trn thanh trt.
4. Xut kt qu sang Excel

Tt ca kt qu c th c xut sang Excel t khung cnh kt qu Results. Mt
bng workbook c to ra cha ng cc kt qu tnh ton c trong WEAP.
Gi li biu u thch bn c th to ra mt vi bc trc bng cch chn n
trong trnh n Favorite ca khung cnh kt qu. Xut cc d liu lin quan sang
Excel bng cch chuyn sang th Table v nhp vo nt Export Table to Excel (
) nm bn phi mn hnh.
5. Tnh ton thng k

Bn c th to ra cc bng thng k trong khung cnh kt qu. Ch vic nhp chut
ln th Table v sau nhp chn biu tng Stat trn thanh trnh n ng
bn phi mn hnh.
98
IV. nh dng
1. Thay i din mo ca lp nn
Trong khung cnh s , thay i mu ca thnh ph bng cch nhp phi chut ln
lp Cities nh trong hp thoi di y cho php bn la chn cc nhn t hiu
chnh, chn Edit. Nhp vo th Appearances, sau nhp ln trng Fill
Color. Mt bng mu s xut hin.
Thay i mu nn sang mu cam.
99
Bn cng c th di chuyn cc lp khc nhau ln hay xung trong s bng cch

nhp chut phi ln lp v chn Move Up hoc Move Down .
100
D liu hnh nn c th c thm vo bng cch nhp chut vo Add Vector

Layer. WEAP c cc thng tin dng vector trong file nh dng SHAPEFILE.
Cc nh dng ny c to ra t cc phn mm GIS. Phn ln cc d liu
nh dng a l s ho (cc dng vector v raster) u s dng c trn
Internet, mt s min ph; nh cc websites www.geographynetwork.com hay
www.terraserver.com cung cp mt s vn rt tt trong nghin cu. Nn
thn trng vi mt s chng trnh d liu GIS ti trn mng c th khng s
dng c trong WEAP.
2. t tn lp Vector
Bn c th t tn cc lp layer Nhp chut phi ln Rivers Polygons, chn
Edit v chn th Label. Bn cng c th thay i kch c tn trong th ny bng
cch vo trng Size ti nt y ca s.
Bn cng c th lm n cc lp layers trong khung cnh s bng cch nhp chut

vo hp nh trn lp layer tn.
3. Thm vo mt lp Raster Layer
Trong khung cnh s , thm vo mt lp bn nn ca vng thnh ph bng
cch nhp chut ln ca s Layer (nhn v d bn di) v chn Add Raster
Layer
Chn file Map.jpg trong th mc _Maps\Tutorial trong th mc
chnh ca WEAP (nh C:\Program Files\WEAP21\_Maps\Tutorial).
101
102
M hnh ca bn by gi s trng ging hnh di y:
WEAP s dng file world xc nh chnh xc v tr ca file raster. Chng

c th c to ra bi cc chng trnh chun GIS nh ArcView hay AutoCAD
MAP.
4. Di chuyn tn nhn
Hon tt nh dng vng nghin cu ca bn bng vic thay i cc nt v tn kch
c font ch v di chuyn tn nhn.
Trong trnh n Schematic, tu chn Set WEAP Node Size
vSet WEAP Node Label Size c th thay i kch thc cc k
hiu v tn nhn. Mi thao tc c minh ho nh hnh di y:.
103
Nhp phi chut ln bt k i tng no vo Move Label di chuyn.
Bn c th chp bn vo trong clipboard s dng cho bo co bng cch

chn Copy Schematic to Clipboard trong trnh n Schematic.
104
WEAP
Phn 8: H CHA V SN XUT NNG LNG

Hng dn dng
Ch :.......................................................................................................................106
I. M hnh h cha...................................................................................................106
1. To mt h cha ...........................................................................................106
2. Nhp vo cc d liu vt l ..........................................................................106
3. Nhp vo d liu vn hnh h cha .............................................................107
4. Tc ng ca h s m................................................................................108
II. Thm vo s c lng nng lng thu in ...................................................109
1. Tm hiu cch sn xut nng lng trong m hnh WEAP..........................109
2. Thm vo kh nng sn xut in t h cha Big City Reservoir............109
3. Tnh ton nng lng pht in v khai thc kt qu...................................110
III. M hnh trm pht in nh dng chy trn sng .............................................111
1. To mt i tng thu lc dng chy mt sng .........................................111
2. Chy v so snh kt qu................................................................................112
105
Ch :
lm v hiu c phn ny bn cn hon thnh cc phn trc hoc bn phi
bit tng i kh v WEAP. bt u phn ny, vo trnh n Main, chn
Revert to Version v chn phin bn tn Starting Point for all modules after
Scenarios module.
I. M hnh h cha
1. To mt h cha
To mt h cha trn h thng lu ca thnh ph Big City. t tn l Big
City Reservoir.
Demand Priority
99 (mc nh)
Nhp vo quyn u tin nhu cu l 99 m bo l h cha khng s dng

ht nc ca cc nhu cu nc khc, bao gm cc dng chy h lu.
2. Nhp vo cc d liu vt l
Nhp phi chut ln h Big City Reservoir son tho d liu. Nhp d
liu sau trong c s Physical (Bn phi thc hin trong ti khon hin ti).
Storage Capacity (tng dung tch) 70 M m3
Initial Storage (dung tch ban u) 25 M m3
Volume Elevation Curve (ng c tnh lng h)
Dung tch
Cao trnh
m3
0.0
190
30.0
210
70.0
216
Net Evaporation (lng bc hi thc t) 25 mm/month.
106
ng quan h gia dung tch v cao trnh Volume Elevation Curve c s

dng cho c m hnh b mt v tnh ton dng chy u vo trong trng hp
sn xut nng lng.
Lng bc hi thc rt cn thit trong tnh ton cho c ln ma v bc hi. V
vy n c th l s m hoc dng; cc bin s thay i hng thng c th
c nhp vo bng Monthly Time Series Wizard.
3. Nhp vo d liu vn hnh h cha

Chn th Operation, v nhp vo cc d liu di y:
Top of Conservation (dung tch hu ch) 60
Top of Buffer (dung tch m)
40
Top of Inactive (dung tch cht)
Buffer Coefficient (h s m)
1.0
107
4. Tc ng ca h s m
By gi to ra mt kch bn mi k tha t kch bn tham chiu. t tn l Buffer
Coefficient Changes. Sau tr li khung cnh d liu ( bn phi thc hin trn
kch bn mi va to trn) v thay i h s m buffer coefficient l 0.1. Nhp
vo results chy m hnh mi.
So snh gia hai kch bn tham chiu v kch bn Buffer Coefficient Changes, kt
qu v dung tch h cha Reservoir Storage Volume, nh hnh v di y:
108
V cng so snh kt qu v nhu cu nc p ng c Demand Coverage (trong

nhnh Demand). Chn kch bn tham chiu Reference v Buffer Coefficient
Changes. Chn Big City nh hnh di y.
H s m dng hiu chnh li lng nc tht thot khi mc nc trong h

cha nm mc dung tch m (nhn hnh minh ho cc bc trn). Nhu cu
dng chy h lu c nhn vi h s m c c lng nc tht thot.
Theo cch h s m bng 1 c ngha l lng nc tht thot nhiu hn
lng nc cn tho mn nhu cu dng chy h lu. H s m bng 0 c
ngha l khng c lng nc no b tht thot. y l l do ti sao tho mn
v tr nhu cu nc li thp hn lng nc ta quan st c ta quan st c
trong kch bn Buffer Coefficient Changes trn.
II. Thm vo s c lng nng lng thu in

1. Tm hiu cch sn xut nng lng trong m hnh WEAP
WEAP c th m hnh sn xut nng lng theo 3 cch khc nhau: thng qua ng
dn trn h cha, thng qua ng ngm h cha, v thng qua trm nng lng
dng chy mt trn sng.
Bn c th hiu hn nh s tr gip ca Help.
2. Thm vo kh nng sn xut in t h cha Big City Reservoir
Trong v d ny chng ta s m hnh mt trm pht in dn nc trn h cha.
Nhp vo cc d liu sau trong ca s Hydropower ca Big City Reservoir (trong
ti khon hin ti).
Min Turbine Flow (dng chy Tubin ti thiu) 5 CMS
109
Max Turbine Flow (dng chy Tubin ln nht) 80 CMS

Tailwater Elevation (ct nc Tubin) 195m
Plant Factor (h s trm)
100%
Generating Efficiency (kh nng pht)
60%
3. Tnh ton nng lng pht in v khai thc kt qu

Chy m hnh v qua st kt qu tring kch bn tham chiu v sn xut nng lng
ca nm 2000.
Chn hin th kt qu Supply and Resources/Reservoir/Hydropower trn trnh n
xung trn nh th (hnh di).
Bn c bit ti sao mc sn xut nng lng gia thng 5 v 6 l tng t nhau, thm
ch dng chy sng chnh v dng chy thi h lu thng 6 ln hn? xc nhn iu
ny, xem kt qu Streamflow trong on trn ca h cha Big City Reservoir
(dng chy u vo sng chnh).
110
Dng chy m qua tuabin ln nht c th l 80CMS, c ngha l thm ch dng

chy thot ra trong thng 6 l cao hn, vt qua lng dng chy h lu m
khng qua ng tuabin. Nn nng lng trong thng 6 s nh thng 5.
Cch xy dng m hnh pht in dn trong h tng t nh trn.
III. M hnh trm pht in nh dng chy trn sng

1. To mt i tng thu lc dng chy mt sng
(Trm pht nng lng trn sng)
to n trn sng chnh thng lu ca h cha Big City Reservoir c to
bi thp trc. t tn l Big City Run of River.
Nhp nhng d liu sau y vo trong nhnh Supply and Resources\River\Run of

111
River Hydro ca cy cu trc d liu trong khung cnh cnh quan:

Min Turbine Flow
5 CMS
Max Turbine Flow
80 CMS
Plant Factor
100%
Generating Efficiency
60%
Fixed Head
19.5 m
2. Chy v so snh kt qu
Chy m hnh ca bn v to mt biu so snh nng lng sn xut gia trm
trn sng v trm t h cha. Chn All Hydropower t trnh n xung trn
nh biu (nh hnh di y).
L do ti sao hay ng cong trn biu li khc nhau?
112

Ch rng nng lng dng chy trn sng ln hn khng nhiu trong thng 5
v thng 6, trong khi n li chnh lch rt ln vi nng lng pht ra t h
cha. iu ny l do mt s ngy c thm vo thng 5 so snh vi thng 6.
Sn xut nng lng t dng chy mt trn sng khng c cao trnh tr cng
nh gii hn hiu qu. Ngc li, vi h cha th mc dng ang c tch
nc thng 5 nhng nng lng pht ra vn gim so vi thng 6.
Trm dng chy mt sng nh hng nh th no n dng chy sng, khi so snh vi
trm h cha?
xem iu ny trn biu , chn Streamflow t trnh n xung v chn
Selected Main River Nodes and Reaches t trnh n cun. Chn: Headflow,
Big City Run of River, Below Big City Run of River, Big City Reservoir, v
Below Big City Reservoir trong lit danh sch. (nh hnh di y)
Mt h cha c th tch nc trong qu trnh dng chy ln v tho nc trong

giai on dng chy nh, v vy nn chng c s ngang bng nhau. Mt trm
pht in trn sng n ph thuc vo dng chy trn sng. V vy n khng nh
hng n ng cong c tnh dng chy.
113
WEAP
Phn 9: CHT LNG NC

Hng dn dng
I. Thit lp m hnh cht lng nc ......................................................................115
1.
Tm hiu v m hnh cht lng nc trong WEAP....................................115
2.
To mt chiu hng cht nhim ..............................................................115
II. Nhp d liu cht lng nc.............................................................................117

1.
Nhp d liu cht lng nc ......................................................................117
2.
Nhp vo c tnh hnh hc ca sng ...........................................................118
3.
Nhp d liu kh hu.....................................................................................120
III. S dng dng chy cht lng nc vo bt buc cho mt v tr nhu cu .......121
1.
Nhp cc d liu rng buc ..........................................................................121
2.
So snh kt qu .............................................................................................121
IV. Nhp vo kh nng pht cht nhim cho v tr nhu cu .................................123

1.
Nhp d liu..................................................................................................123
2.
nh gi kt qu ...........................................................................................124
V. M hnh mt trm x l nc thi......................................................................125

1.
To mt trm x l nc thi .......................................................................125
2.
Nhp d liu trm x l WWTP...................................................................127
3.
nh gi kt qu ...........................................................................................129
114
Ch :
Trong phn ny, bn phi hon thnh cc phn trc hoc bn c kin thc kh
tt v WEAP. bt u phn ny, vo thc n Main, chn Revert to Version
v chn phin bn tn Starting Point for all modules after Scenarios module.
I. Thit lp m hnh cht lng nc

1. Tm hiu v m hnh cht lng nc trong WEAP
WEAP c th m hnh bo v nhim v khng bo v nhim. Bo v nhim
c m hnh thng qua mt s cn bng chung. Mt vi m hnh c xy dng
khng c s bo v nhim.
c phn gip trong tng quan mi trng hiu chi tit hn.
2. To mt chiu hng cht nhim
Vo trnh n General\Water Quality Constituents. Trong hp hi thoi, thay i
cc thng s nh di y:
Name
Temperature
TSS
Salt (mui)
Calculate by
Change to modeled
Decay (gim)
Conservative (gi nguyn)
Decay Rate
0.25 per day
115
chi tit hn m hnh khc s dng m hnh BOD v DO trong phn gip
Dissolved Oxygen and Biochemical Oxygen Demand.
116
II. Nhp d liu cht lng nc

1. Nhp d liu cht lng nc
Trong cy cu trc d liu, chn Supply and Resources\River v nhp chut ln
sng chnh Main River. Sau m mn hnh Water Quality v nhp cc d liu
sau, vi cht lng nc ti u dng chy ca sng:
Model Water Quality?
YES (check the box)
Temperature
15C
BOD concentration
5mg/l
DO Concentration
8mg/l
TSS concentration
20mg/l
Salt concentration
2mg/l
117
2. Nhp vo c tnh hnh hc ca sng

c tnh hnh hc ca con sng rt cn thit trong m hnh cht lng nc. Chng
l yu t chnh tnh ton vn tc, thi gian gi li ca nc trn mt on sng.
Trong khung cnh d liu, chn nhnh Reaches thuc Main River v nhp cc
thng tin trong th Water Quality.
Headflow Distance Marker (khong cch im u) 0 km
Tailflow Distance Marker (khong ccc im cui) 300 km
Ch : chiu di trung bnh ca on sng c c lng bi WEAP da trn nn s
.
Lu lng chiu su b rng ca dng chy u on sng chnh (s

dng Wizard bng cch nhp chut trn nt xung)
Flow(l/lng)
Stage (su) Width(rng)
0
0.00
10
2.00
50
6.00
100
8.00
200
10.00
Cng thc ca bn c dng:
0.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
FlowStageWidthCurve( 0, 0, 0, 10, 2, 15, 50, 6, 20, 100, 8, 25, 200,

10, 30)
Chng ta gi thit cc ng cong c tnh c phm vi lun ln hn
ta tnh
118
119

Th Reach Length hin th trong mn hnh Inflows and Outflows c s
dng m hnh tng tc nc ngm. khi s tng tc ny c th xy ra dng
theo cc mt ct trn c chiu di on sng, n c th khng ging vi tng
chiu di on. Ch d liu chiu di on sng y l khng s dng cho
m hnh cht lng nc.
3. Nhp d liu kh hu
D liu kh hu rt cn trong vic tnh ton nhit ca nc. nhp chut vo nt
Climate v chn li on Below Main River Headflow. Nhp vo d liu kh hu
sau y:
Air Temperature (nhit d khng kh)
Month
Value (C)
Jan
10
Feb
11
Mar
13
Apr
15
May
21
Jun
24
Jul
29
Aug
31
Set
28
Oct
20
Nov
16
Dec
12
120
Humidity ( m)
65%
Wind (tc gi)
1 m/s
Latitude (v )
30
Ch : bn c th nhp vo cc gi tr cho on sng u tin v chuyn n n

cc nhnh khc nu bn mun s dng cc gi tr ny cho tt c cc nhnh.
III. S dng dng chy cht lng nc vo bt buc cho mt v tr nhu

cu
1. Nhp cc d liu rng buc
Mt nhu cu nc c th i hi nc cung cp phi m bo t cht lng tiu
chun. To mt kch bn k tha t kch bn tham chiu v t tn l Big City Water
Quality Inflow Constraints. Trong khung cnh d liu Data view (bn phi thc
hin vic ny trong kch bn mi), chn nhnh Big City trn cy cu trc d liu,
v nhp ln nt Water Quality. Di th BOD Inflow, nhp vo cc gi tr cho
php ln nht:
BOD inflow
2 mg/L
2. So snh kt qu
Ch rng bn bn d dng nhp vo lng BOD l 5 mg/L cho dng chy u vo
ca sng chnh Main River(thc hin trong ti khon hin ti), bn chy v so snh
kt qu ca lng nc yu cu c p ng ca thnh ph c v khng c cc rng
buc cht lng nc. Trong thi on 2000 v 2001, so snh lng nc yu cu
p ng c ca thnh ph gia hai kch bn tham chiu v kch bn Big City
Water Quality Inflow Constraints, kt qu nh hnh di y:
121
Ti sao lng nc yu cu c p ng ca Big City li b rt xung bng 0

trong thng 6/2001 trong kch bn Big City Water Quality Inflow Constraints?
Nu bn quan st lng cht BOD trong on Below Main River Headflow
(hnh bn di), bn s thy lng BOD tng ln trn (2 mg/L) ti im ly
nc thnh ph Big City trong sut thng 6 ca nm 2000, 2001. Khi iu
kin rng buc ny c thi hnh trong thi on kch bn (bt u t nm
2001), lng nc yu cu c p ng cho thnh ph b gim trong c thng
6/2001, bi v v tr nhu cu ny s khng chp nhn nc cha cht BOD ln
qu gii hn cho php, v khng c ngun nc no khc ngoi sng chnh
c ch nh cp nc cho thnh ph.
Gi thit cc mu cht lng BOD dc theo sng chnh l mt hm gim, khu

vc m c iu khin thi gian c tr ca nc trong on dng chy u.
Thi gian lu tr di hn trong on ny, lng cht BOD s gim i nhiu
hn. Mu BOD v vy ph thuc vo lu tc dng chy, lu lng (hnh minh
ho di).
122
IV. Nhp vo kh nng pht cht nhim cho v tr nhu cu

1. Nhp d liu
Chng ta s gi thit rng bit lng cht thi trong dng chy ra (dng chy hi
quy) ca thnh ph. K t y, chng ta s s dng chui lng cht trong th
Concentration trong nhnh Demand Sites\Big City ca cy cu trc d liu. Nhp
chut vo nt Water Quality v nhp d liu sau (trong ti khon hin ti):
Temperature
16 C
BOD Concentration
60 mg/l
DO Concentration
3 mg/l
TSS Concentration
5 mg/l
Salt Concentration
10 mg/l
123
Vi v tr nhu cu nng nghip, chng ta s cho php nhn vo m chng ta khng

bit lng cht trong dng chy ra, nhng chng ta bit c cng pht tn cc
cht. Nhp d liu nh di y:
BOD intensity (cng )
50 kg/ha
DO Intensity
30 kg/ha
TSS Intensity
20 kg/ha
Salt Intensity
2 kg/ha
Temperature (nhit )
15C
2. nh gi kt qu
Chy m hnh v qua st kt qu di y ca cc bin cht lng nc. chn
Pollution Generation t trnh n xung (di Water Quality):
124
Pht sinh cht nhim ti v tr nhu cu

Cht lng nc mt
Ch s pht sinh cht nhim ca vng nng nghip c gn cho ma xun v

ma h khi ang trong gian on lm rung.
V. M hnh mt trm x l nc thi

1. To mt trm x l nc thi
To mt kch bn mi vi tn l Wastewater Treatment Plant Added kch bn
ny c k tha t kch bn tham chiu. Sau , thm vo trm x l nc thi cho
thnh ph Big City, t tn l Big City WWTP v nh du l khng hot ng
trong ti khon hin ti, v to mt ng dn dng chy hi quy khc t thnh ph
n trm x l nc thi WWTP. Gi nguyn ng dn dng chy hi quy c t
thnh ph ra sng. Cng to thm mt ng dn dng chy hi quy t trm x l v
sng. M hnh ca bn phi trng ging nh hnh minh ho di y:
125
Bn s phi thit lp bin ch trnh dng chy hi quyReturn Flow Routing cho c
2 ng truyn dn.
Vi dng chy hi quy t thnh ph v sng chnh (Return Flow
Node 1), thit lp chu trnh l 100% trong nm ti khon hin ti v
0% cho nm 2001 2015 trong kch bn Wastewater Treatment
Plant Added .
Vi dng chy t thnh ph n trm x l WWTP, thit lp dng

chy hi quy l 100% cho nm 2001 2015 trong cng kch bn
trn.
Cng thit lp chu trnh l 100% cho dng chy hi quy t trm x
l WWTP n sng chnh (Return Flow Node 3).
126
Bn cng c th nhp cc tn s di c th di chuyn c trong cc dng chy

hi quy thay i. iu ny rt hu dng, v d, mt lng cht nhim b phn
hu trong h thng cng bi vi khun. Nhng d liu ny nhp vo trong nhnh
Water Quality\Pollutant Decrease in Return Flow cho cc dng chy hi
quy thch hp (nhn hnh minh ho di y).
2. Nhp d liu trm x l WWTP

u tin, nhp d liu cho nm bt u Start Year bng cch nhp chut ln nt
Start Year trong nhnh d liu Water Quality\Wastewater Treatment ca trm
xa l nc thnh ph WWTP.
Start Year
2001
127
Nhp vo d liu kh nng x l trong ca s Treatment ( thc hin trong kch

bn Wastewater Treatment Plant Added):
Consumption
5%
Daily Capacity
2M m3
BOD Removal
90%
DO Concentration
5mg/l
TSS Removal
80%
Salt Removal
20%
Temperature
15C
128

Nu ch c mt phn nc thi c x l thng qua trm x l WWTP, c 2 m
hnh kh nng. Mt l gii hn dung tch hng ny lng lng nc
thc s c x l. Trong trng hp ny, nc thi qu gii hn ny s b y
ra khng c x l. Lc ny lng nc thi khng c x l c th l khng
thay i, nhng n ph thuc vo tng lng dng chy. Mt phng php
khc l to thm mt dng chy hi quy t v tr nhu cu ni thng n sng,
khng qua trm x l bng cch thit lp trong chu trnh dng chy hi quy. Ta
cng c th kt hp hai phng php trn vi nhau.
3. nh gi kt qu
Chy m hnh v xem kt qu hm lng BOD trong kch bn Wastewater
Treatment Plant Added v so snh vi cc bin trong kch bn tham chiu (khng c
trm x l nc thi).
Cht lng nc b mt ( lng BOD ca dng chy t thnh ph
vo trong sng chnh).
xem kt qu , u tin chn Surface Water Quality under Water Quality
trong trnh n xung. Sau chn Selected Scenarios trong trnh n i
xung nm trn biu v chn kch bn tham chiu v kch bn Wastewater
Treatment Plant Added. S dng nt trnh n xung y biu , chn nm
2000 v 2001 quan st. Chn Below Return Flow Node 3 (nt hi quy 3 l dng
chy hi quy t trm x l WWTP, v vy bn s quan st cht lng nc trong
sng h lu dng chy ra ca trm x l WWTP) cng nh on sng chnh bn
quan st. Chn BOD t trnh n xung trc tip trn biu , v nh du b
chn nt Monthly Average chnh cc hn. Mn hnh ca bn phi trng ging
nh hnh di y:
129
Ch rng mc BOD v cn bn gim trong nm 2001 so vi nm 2000

trong on di dng chy hi quy t trm x l bi v trm x l c hot
ng trong nm 2001.
WEAP cng c th hin th kt qu cht lng nc t dng chy

thng lu n h lu.
T trnh n di y, chn All Main River Nodes and Reaches v nh du
vo Represent true relative distance? iu ny s hin th tt c cc nt v on
sng dc theo trc X. Chn thng 7/2010. Kiu biu , chn Line. Cc biu th
hin mc BOD tng ln trong dng chy hi quy vo sng, v n gim dn khi di
chuy v h lu. Biu ca bn s ging hnh di y:
Dng chy vo v ra ca trm x l nc thi.

xem kt qu, chn Wastewater Treatment Plant Inflows and Outflows (trong
mc Water Quality) t trnh n xung. v chn kch bn Wastewater Treatment
Plant Added t trnh n pha trn.
130
Trong kiu biu ny, dng chy ra c miu t l cc gi tr m v dng

chy vo l gi tr dng.
131
WEAP
Phn 10: THY LC

Hng dn dng
I. M hnh lu vc : m hnh dng chy mt nc ma .........................................133
1.
To mt lu vc............................................................................................133
2.
To mt cu trc ph hp trong lu vc ......................................................133
3.
Nhp d liu kh hu.....................................................................................135
4.
Xem kt qu ..................................................................................................136
II. M hnh lu vc : m hnh m t.................................................................136

1.
Thay tht v tr nhu cu nc nng nghip bng mt lu vc......................136
2.
Kt ni n lu vc mi ...............................................................................137
3.
To c s h tn cho lu vc........................................................................137
4.
Nhp d liu t thch hp ...........................................................................138
5.
Nhp cc d liu kh hu thch hp ..............................................................139
6.
Thit lp vng ti .......................................................................................139
7.
Xem kt qu ..................................................................................................139
III. M hnh tng tc gia nc mt v nc ngm..............................................141

1.
To mt i tng nc ngm .....................................................................141
2.
Kt ni i tng nc ngm n lu vc...................................................141
3.
Nhp vo cc d liu thch hp ....................................................................142
4.
Chn cc on m tng tc vi tng nc ngm .......................................143
5.
Xem kt qu ..................................................................................................144
132
Ch :
thc hin c phn ny bn cn phi hon thnh cc phn trc hoc bn phi
c hiu bit kh tt v WEAP. bt u phn ny, vo thc n Main, chn
Revert to Version v chn phin bn tn Starting Point for all modules after
Scenarios module.
I. M hnh lu vc : m hnh dng chy mt nc ma

1. To mt lu vc
To mt i tng lu v Catchment trong khung cnh s m hnh dng
chy u vo ca sng chnh. lm iu ny bng cch ko xung mt nt lu vc
v t n cnh im u tin ca sng chnh. t tn l Main River Headflow. Khi
nh v xong, mt hp thoi s xut hin v yu cu nhng d liu sau:
Runoff to
Main River
Represents Headflow
Yes (check box)
Infiltration to
No inflow to
GW Includes Irrigated Areas
No (Default)
Demand Priority
1 (default)
Ch rng khi bn hon thnh to nt lu vc, Note that when you have finished
creating the Catchment node, mt ng thng mu xanh s t ng hina trong s
lin kt nt vi sng chnh.
2. To mt cu trc ph hp trong lu vc
u tin bn nhp phi chn lu vc hoc chn n trong cy cu trc d liu, mt
ca s xut hin yu cu bn chn m hnh cho lu vc:
133
Chn phng php Rainfall Runoff (FAO).

y cng l mt c im c th thay i s la chn sau ny bng cch nhp
chut ln th Advanced trong khung cnh d liu:
Trong cy cu trc d liu ca khung cnh d liu, nhp chut ln nt Land Use
v nhp vo cc d liu sau (bn phi thc hin trong ti khon hin ti):
Area
u tin)
10M ha (bn phi chn n v tnh
Effective Prec.
98%
Crop Coefficients (s dng Monthly Time Series Wizard nhp

d liu)
Sep to Feb
0.9
March
1.0
April
1.1
May
1.4
Jun to Aug
1.1
134
Ch rng bn nhp vo yes khi yu cu nu din tch ti phi bao gm trong

lu vc ny, nt Irrigation khc s hin ra trong ca s lm vic lu vc ca khung
cnh d liu. Nt ny c 2 th: (1) Irrigated, khi bn nhp d liu 0 khng
ti, hay l 1 ti vng t c bit; v (2) Irrigated fraction ni m bn
mun xc nh tng vng ti nh cp nc cho vng bc hi nc.
Phng php dng chy mt nc ma The Rainfall Runoff method l mt
phng php n gin tnh ton dng chy mt nh s khc nhau gia
lng ma v s pboosc hi nc cy trng. Mt phn lng ma c tp
trung li thnh dng chy mt). S bc hi c nh gi bi vic nhp cc
tham s thanh chiu u tin, sau xc nh h s v ma cho mi loi t
trng (Kcs) h s cy trng k n s nh hng ca cc loi t trng khc
nhau.
hiu chi tit v phng php ny bn c th tm hiu thm ti website
(www.fao.org).
3. Nhp d liu kh hu
D liu kh hu c nhp vo trong tng lu vc. Trong khung cnh d liu, to
mt lu vc mi di nhnh Demand Sites and Catchments ca cy cu trc d
liu v nhp vo cc d liu sau trong th Climate s sng phng php Monthly
Time Series Wizard :
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Precip.
21
37
56
78
141
114
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
ETre
42
47
78
86
131
122
135
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
116
85
69
36
22
13
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
158
140
104
79
43
37
4. Xem kt qu
Nhp chut chn Catchment trong trnh n xung xem kt qu.
Runoff from Precipitation- lng nc mt to thnh t ma
vo sng chnh c biu tng t nh hnh di .
Chn kch bn tham chiu t trnh n xung pha trn biu , Main River
Headflow , chn tt c cc thng s nh hnh di xem kt qu dng chy nc
ma.
II. M hnh lu vc : m hnh m t

1. Thay tht v tr nhu cu nc nng nghip bng mt lu vc
Xo v tr nhu cu nc nng nghip v to mt lu vc v tr ny, t tn l
Agriculture Catchment v gn cc thuc tnh sau:
Runoff to
Main River
Represents Headflow
No (check box)
Infiltration to
No inflow to GW
Includes Irrigated Areas
Yes (check box)
Demand Priority
1 (default)
136
2. Kt ni n lu vc mi
Mt lu vc mi c th kt ni vi sng chnh vi ng dn Runoff/Infiltration.
Thm mt ng truyn dn t sng chnh (tng t nh cc ng truyn dn
khc), vi quyn u tin cp Supply Preference l 1. M hnh ca bn trng ging
nh hnh di y:
Mc ch ca ng truyn dn ny l cho php cp nc cho vng ti t

sng trong trng hp lng ma cung cp khng .
3. To c s h tn cho lu vc
Chng ta gi s lu vc ny cso 3 loi t s dng. Trong khung cnh d liu, thm
vo nhnh trong lu lc mi ca bn bng cch nhp chut phi trong cy d liu v
137
chn Add. (nu bn chn lu vc son tho th nhp chut phi ln nt n

trong khung cnh s vo thng khung cnh d liu). Thm vo nhnh di y:
Irrigated Forest Grasslands
4. Nhp d liu t thch hp
Nu bn bn cha hon thnh, chn lu vc mi to trong khung cnh d liu v
t phng php Rainfall Runoff (soil moisture model) bng cch nhp chut vo
nt Advanced. Sau nhp cc d liu sau y:, sau nhn nt Land Use:
Total Land Area
Share of Land Area
300,000 ha (bn phi chn n v trc)

Irrigated
Forest
Grasslands
33%
25%
remainder(100)
Irrigated
Forest
Grasslands
3.0
35
20%
1.7
45 mm/month
20%
Leaf Area Index

3.6
Root Zone Conductivity 60
Initial Z1
50%
Nhng bin cn li c nhp trong th Land use:
Initial Z2
20%
Root Zone Water Capacity
900 mm
Deep Water Capacity
35,000 mm
Deep Conductivity
240 mm/month
Preferred Flow Direction
0.15
Kc: h s cy trng.
138

bit thm chi tit bn c th vo website (www.weap21.org).
5. Nhp cc d liu kh hu thch hp

Chn my hnh Climate v nhp vo cc d liu sau:
Precipitation
s dng cc gi tr ca bc trc.
Temperature
MonthlyValues( Jan, 9, Feb, 12,
Mar, 16, Apr, 21, May, 24, Jun, 27, Jul, 29, Aug, 29, Sep, 27, Oct,
22, Nov, 16, Dec, 11 )
Humidity
65%
Wind
1m/s
Latitude
30
WEAP c th xc nh c lng nc do tuyt cung cp, nc ta khng c

tuyt nn khng uc cp y.
6. Thit lp vng ti
Cng trong ca s trn, chn mn hnh Irrigation v nhp cc s liu sau:
Irrigated
Forest Grasslands
Irrigated Area
100% 0% 0%
Lower Threshold
45%
Upper Threshold
55%
7. Xem kt qu
Xem kt qu di y. Cc kt qu c t trong mc Catchment ca khung
cnh kt qu Results. Chn Land Class Inflows and Outflows trong trnh n
139
xung. Chn All Srcs/Dests (short for All Sources and Destinations) t trnh n
xung trn li ch thch ca biu . xem vng ti Irrigated ca lu vc
nng nghip, chn Branch: Demand Sites and Catchments\Agriculture
Catchment\Irrigated t trnh n xung pha trn biu . Chn nm 2000
trong tu chn Selected Years y biu , nhp chn Monthly Average.
140
III. M hnh tng tc gia nc mt v nc ngm

1. To mt i tng nc ngm
To mt nt nc ngm mi:.
t i tng nc ngm k lu vc nng nghip, cch to nh nhng phn trc
gii thiu. t tn l Agriculture Groundwater.
2. Kt ni i tng nc ngm n lu vc
To s kt ni sau:
ng dn ni ngun nc ngm nng nghip Agriculture Groundwater n lu
vc nng nghip (Supply Preference 1)
ng dn thm vo dng chy mt Infiltration/Runoff t lu vc nng nghip n
141
ngun nc nm Agriculture Groundwater.

M hnh ca bn s ging nh hnh di y:
3. Nhp vo cc d liu thch hp

Trong khung cnh d liu, chn Agriculture Groundwater, chuyn n mn hnh
Physical v chn phng php Model GW SW flows t th Method.
Chuyn sang ca s Water Quality v sau chuy li sang Physical s liu

c thc thi. Nhp cc d liu sau vo th tng ng:
Initial storage
50M m3
Hydraulic Conductivity
10m/day
Specific Yield
0.1
142
Horizontal Distance
perpendicular to the river )
5000m
Wetted Depth
5m
Storage at River Level
50Mm3
(the extent of the aquifer
4. Chn cc on m tng tc vi tng nc ngm

Trong cy cu trc ca khung cnh d liu, m rng ht cc nhnh trong mc Main
River bng cch nhp vo biu tng + v n nhnh Supply and
Resources\River. Chn on m c nt dng hi quy t thnh ph (Return Flow
Node 1); Sau nhp cc d liu sau vo th Reach Length cho on ny:
From Groundwater
chn Agriculture Groundwater
143
Reach Length (chiu di on) 30,000 m
5. Xem kt qu
Xem Demand Site Inflows and Outflows ca vng Agriculture catchment, v
chn All Srcs/Dests (tt c ngun v ch) ca nm 2000. Chn Monthly
Average.
Ch rng kt qu bo gm c dng chy vo trong ngun nc ngm Inflow

from Agriculture Groundwater (v ch ca ngun nc ngm Agriculture
Groundwater cng l ngun cung cp nc ti cho lu vc Agriculture
Catchment) v Outflow to Agriculture Groundwater (do to ng dn
runoff/infiltration gia hai nt).
144
Kt qu s ging nh hnh di y:
Xem cao tng nc ngm trn chiu su ca sonog. Chn Supply and
Resources\Groundwater\Height Above River t trnh n xung. Chn
Agriculture Groundwater t tu chn Selected Aquifers trong trnh n xung
trn li ch thch biu .
Ch trong thng c ngun nc ngm thm qua sng chnh (thng 2), s dng
ln ca ngun nc ngm cao hn chiu su t ca sng c nh ngha
trong d liu (s dng ln ny l dng). Ngc li, khi s thm t sng qua
tn nc ngm xy ra, gi tr ny l m.
145
WEAP
Phn 11: PHN TCH TI CHNH

Hng dn dng
I. Thit lp m hnh li nhun v chi ph.................................................................147

1. Tm hiu v m hnh li nhun v chi ph trong WEAP ..............................147
2. Thit lp t l trt gi .................................................................................147
3. Thay i khong thi gian m hnh..............................................................148
II. M hnh chi ph ...................................................................................................148
1. Nhp vo d liu chi ph v tr nhu cu ........................................................148
2. Nhp vo d liu chi ph ca h thng .........................................................150
3. nh gi kt qu ...........................................................................................151
III. M hnh li nhun..............................................................................................153
1. Nhp vo li nhun ti v tr nhu cu ...........................................................153
2. So snh chi ph v li nhun rng ................................................................153
146
Ch :
Trong phn ngy bn cn phi hon thnh cc phn trc hoc phi bit kh tt v
WEAP. bt u phn ny, vo thc n chnh Main, chn Revert to Version
v chn phin bn tn Starting Point for all modules after Scenarios module.
I. Thit lp m hnh li nhun v chi ph

1. Tm hiu v m hnh li nhun v chi ph trong WEAP
M hnh WEAP c 3 kiu chi ph: chi ph vn ban u, chi ph vn hnh & v chi
ph duy tu bo dng, chi ph bin i. N cng m hnh 3 kiu li nhun: li nhun
It also models three types of revenues: li nhun c nh, li nhun bin i v li
nhun pht in. Chi ph v li nhun c th c gn cho bt k i tng no (nh
mt v tr nhu cu, on sng, nt nc ngm, h cha, trp pht in).
tm hiu thm v chi ch v li nhun, hy tham kho trong phn
gip Entering Item Cost and Revenues.
2. Thit lp t l trt gi
Trong General, trnh n Units, chn th Monetary v nhp vo th Discount
Rate.
Discount Rate
7%
T l trt gi c dng tnh gi tr thc t v lng tin tch lu trong thi

gian trn. N khc vi t l li nhun, m phi nhp vo bng tay cho mi ln
tnh ton ch tr cc khon n.
Mt khi quyt nh thanh ton trc th vic phn tch s thc hin trong thc t
hoc bng ng USD (c tnh hoc khng tnh n s lm pht ng tin) khi
n s nh hng n t l trt gi, t l li nhun v chi ph, v tng li
nhun.
Xc nh t l trt gi l vn rt quan trng trong phn tch kinh t.
147
3. Thay i khong thi gian m hnh

M hnh chi ph l nhy cm nht nu xem xt n trong mt thi gian di. Chui
thi gian c m hnh trong WEAP bng cch m hp thoi General, Years and
Time Steps. Thay i bin nm cui ca kch bn:
Last Year of Scenarios
2025
Thay i nm cui ca kch bn Last Year of Scenarios khng nh hng n

ti khon hin ti, nm c bn cho tt c kch bn. N ch nh hng n tt c
cc kch bn k c kch bn tham chiu.
II. M hnh chi ph

1. Nhp vo d liu chi ph v tr nhu cu
Trong v tr nhu cu ca thnh ph Big City, nhp vo d liu sau (trong ti khon
hin ti) trong nhnh Demand Sites ca cy cu trc d liu trong khung cnh d
liu. Nhp vo nt Cost v nhp vo th Capital Costs:
Chi ph ban u : mt khon n 120M$, trong nm 2000, chi tr trong 15 nm, t l
li nhun 5% .
S dng cng c Expression Builder chn chc nng LoanPayment; biu
thc ca bn s ging nh di y: LoanPayment(120000000,2000,15, 5%)
148
Bin chi ph vn hnh

Variable Operating Costs
0.12$/m3
149
Chi ph vn hnh c nh hng nm 5M$, tng 3% bt u t nm 1995

S dng cng c Expression Builder chn chc nng GrowthFrom v nhp vo
cc tham s.
Cng thc ca bn s l: GrowthFrom(3%,1995,5000000)
2. Nhp vo d liu chi ph ca h thng

Chng ta gi thit rng c mt khon n trong nm ti khon hin ti m ang c
tr dn. Chng ta gn chi ph ny cho ton b h thng, cc i tng c th. Nhp
vo d liu sau trong nhnh Supply and Resources ca cy cu trc d liu trong
khung cnh d liu.
Chi ph vn ban u l mt khon n 300M$, trong nm 1989, tr trong 20 nm, t l
li nhun 6%
S dng cng c Expression Builder v chc nng LoanPayment. Cng thc c
dng: LoanPayment(300000000,1989,20,6%)
150
3. nh gi kt qu
Chy m hn v xem kt qu:
151
152
III. M hnh li nhun

1. Nhp vo li nhun ti v tr nhu cu
Trong mn hnh Cost ca v tr nhu cu thnh ph Big City (khung cnh d
iu), nhp vo d liu sau:.
Variable Revenue
0.26$/m3
Bin li nhun
Khi m hnh nng lng h cha hot ng , bn c th nhp vo li nhun t

s pht in.
2. So snh chi ph v li nhun rng

Hin th gi tr thc t ca d n.
Chn Financial\Net Present Value t trnh n xung,v chn
Big City xem. Bn s c biu nh hnh di y:
153
S so snh cho bn nhng g?

Chi ph thc t c so snh vi li nhun thu c trong h thng. Nu ch s
NPV ca chi ph vt qu NPV ca li nhun, h thng s c li nhun thp
hn li nhun trung bnh ca d n (nh ngha bng t l trt gi). Nu ch s
NPV ca li nhun vt qua chi ph, khi h thng s to ra li nhun cao
hn vi li nhun trung bnh ca d n.
154

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WEAP

H thng nh gi v lp k hoch dng nc

KS. Triu nh Ngc

HNG DN S DNG WEAP

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

Hng dn s dng WEAP qua cc v d

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

Phn 1: TNG QUAN

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

y , rng di cc ty chn pht trin v qun l nc, v s dng cc tnh ton a

III. S pht trin WEAP

IV. Cch tip cn WEAP

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

Nhng ng dng ca WEAP bao gm vi bc. Gii hn nghin cu (Study

V. Cu trc chng trnh

Hng dn s dng WEAP qua cc v d

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

Hng dn s dng WEAP qua cc v d

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

Overviews : Tng quan

Hng dn s dng WEAP qua cc v d

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

VI. Cu trc sch hng dn

Phn tch kh nng

Phn tch ti chnh

Hng dn s dng WEAP qua cc v d

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

Bn di lit k tt c cc module, bt u vi 3 phn c bn:

Sp t cp nc (Refining the Supply)

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

Hng dn s dng WEAP qua cc v d

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

Phn 2: WEAP TRONG MT GI

Hng dn s dng WEAP qua cc v d

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

Mt ca s s xut hin (nh bn di), phi click vo i tng Initially

Sau nhp OK, bn s nhn c hp thoi sau:

Hng dn s dng WEAP qua cc v d

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

Nhp OK tip. Trong hnh k tip, bn s chn vng a l cho d n ca bn t

Bn c th s dng thanh cng c trt bn di gc tri ca ca s thu phng

Hng dn s dng WEAP qua cc v d

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

Click OK sau khi bn xc nh c bin gii ca vng. Ch rng bn c th

Trong WEAP, cc models gi l areas

Hng dn s dng WEAP qua cc v d

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

Mt ca s xut hin, ti y bn c th nhp vo tn file v ni WEAP c th tm

II. Thit lp cc thng s chung

Hng dn s dng WEAP qua cc v d

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

Hng dn s dng WEAP qua cc v d

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

Cng nh cc chng trnh khc, l tng tt khi u n ghi li cc vic

III. Nhp cc nhn t vo trong s

Hng dn s dng WEAP qua cc v d

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

Hng i tng v: im u tin bn v s l im u tin ca con sng ni

Hng dn s dng WEAP qua cc v d

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006

C th nh tn sng theo ring. C th di chuyn tn con sng n v tr khc

2. Nhp d liu cho con sng chnh

ti nghin cu khoa hc thng xuyn 2006