ALGEBRA

PROPERTIES

ARITHMETIC PROPERTIES

ASSOCIATIVE
COMMUTATIVE
DISTRIBUTIVE

() = ()

+
= + , 0

if = log then

log =

log
log

log = log + log

= , if is odd

log = log log

= ||, if is even

| + | = 2 + 2

+ =

( + )( + ) = | + |2

1


=
=
+ ( + )( ) 2 + 2

2 2 = ( + )( )

( +

)2

+ 2 +

ABSOLUTE VALUE

, if 0
|| =
, if < 0

( )2 = 2 2 + 2

|| = ||
|| 0

( + )( + ) = 2 + ( + ) +

log ( ) = log

log =

( + )( + ) = + ( + )

COMMON FACTORING EXAMPLES

log =

log = 1 and log 1 = 0

( + ) ( + ) = + ( )

LOGARITHM PROPERTIES

( + ) + ( + ) = + + ( + )

( + )( ) = 2 + 2

1
=

2 4
=
2

, 0 for even

= , 0

= = ( )

QUADRATIC EQUATION

RADICAL PROPERTIES

2 = 1

2 + + = 0

= 1

0 = 1, 0

+
= +

for the equation

PROPERTIES OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

= =

= =

If < and < 0 then > and / > /

() =

ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS EXAMPLES

If < and > 0 then < and / < /

( ) =

( + ) = + =

+
+ =

If < then + < + and <

= +

+ = + and =

+ = ( + )

PROPERTIES OF INEQUALITIES

INDEX PROPERTIES

|| = ||||

( + )3 = 3 + 3 2 + 3 2 + 3
3 + 3 = ( + )( 2 + 2 )
3 3 = ( )( 2 + + 2 )

)(

||

=
||

| + | || + ||

COMPLETING THE SQUARE

MATHS REFERENCE SHEET COLLECTION

A reference sheet for the
hawkermaths.com
senior maths program

hawkermaths.com

Mathematical Applications
Mathematical Methods
Specialist Mathematics

Flexible Maths Delivery

2 + + = ( )2 +

1. Divide by the coefficient a.

2. Move the constant to the other side.
3. Take half of the coefficient b/a, square it and add
it to both sides.
4. Factor the left side of the equation.
5. Use the square root properly
6. Solve for x.

Hawker College, ACT, Australia

TRIGONOMETRY
TANGENT IDENTITIES

RECIPROCAL IDENTITIES

csc =

sin
tan =
cos
cot =

sec =

cos
sin

cot =

EVEN/ODD IDENTITIES

1
sin

PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITIES

sin =

1
cos

cos =

1
tan

tan =

1
csc

1
sec
1
cot

DOUBLE ANGLE IDENTITIES

sin() = sin()

sin(2) = 2 sin cos

cos(2) = cos 2 sin2

cos() = cos()

= 2 cos 2 1

tan() = tan()

= 1 2 sin2

csc() = csc()

sec() = sec()

tan(2) =

cot() = cot()

LAWS AND IDENTITIES

2 tan
1 tan2

sin2 + cos 2 = 1

tan2 + 1 = sec 2
cot 2 + 1 = csc 2

HALF ANGLE IDENTITIES

1 cos
sin =
2
2
1 + cos

cos =
2
2

1 cos
tan =
2
1 + cos

PRODUCT TO SUM IDENTITIES

SUM TO PRODUCT IDENTITIES

1
sin sin = [cos( ) cos( + )]
2

sin + sin = 2 sin

cos

2
2

cos cos =

1
[cos( ) + cos( + )]
2

1
sin cos = [sin( + ) + sin( )]
2

+
sin

2
2

+
cos

2
2

1
cos sin = [sin( + ) sin( )]
2

cos cos = 2 sin

sin

2
2

SUM AND DIFFERENCE IDENTITIES

CONFUNCTION IDENTITIES

sin( ) = sin cos cos sin

tan( ) =

tan tan
1 tan tan

csc = sec
2

tan = cot
2

cot = tan
2

sec = csc
2

MATHS REFERENCE SHEET COLLECTION

A reference sheet for the
hawkermaths.com
senior maths program

hawkermaths.com

Mathematical Applications
Mathematical Methods
Specialist Mathematics

Flexible Maths Delivery

cos( + 2) = cos
tan( + ) = tan

csc( + 2) = csc

sec( + 2) = sec
cot( + ) = cot

LAW OF COSINES

2 = 2 + 2 2 cos

2 = 2 + 2 2 cos
2 = 2 + 2 2 cos

sin sin sin

=
=

MOLLWEIDE'S FORMULA

1
+ cos 2 ( )
=
1

sin
2
LAW OF TANGENTS

sin = cos
2

cos = sin
2

cos( ) = cos cos sin sin

sin( + 2) = sin

LAW OF SINES IDENTITIES

sin sin = 2 cos

cos + cos = 2 cos

PERIODIC IDENTITIES

1
tan 2 ( )
=
+ tan 1 ( + )
2
1
tan 2 ( )
=
+ tan 1 ( + )
2

1
tan 2 ( )
=
+ tan 1 ( + )
2

Hawker College, ACT, Australia

TRIGONOMETRY
RIGHT TRIANGLE DEFINITION
sin =
cos =
tan =

csc =
sec =
cot =

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS RANGE

cot =

cot

tan

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS DOMAIN

sin , can be any angle

cos =

sec =

sec 1 and sec 1

1 cos 1

sin =

csc =

csc 1 and csc 1

1 sin 1

DOUBLE ANGLE IDENTITIES

tan =

DEFINITION

cos , can be any angle

1
tan , + , = 0, 1, 2,
2

csc , ,

= 0, 1, 2,

cot , ,

= 0, 1, 2,

1
sec , + , = 0, 1, 2,
2

EXACT VALUE TRIANGLES

SIGNS IN QUADRANTS

TRIGONOMETRIC FUCNTIONS PERIOD

sin() =
cos() =

tan() =

INVERSE TRIG FUNCTION NOTATION

INVERSE TRIG FUNCTION DOMAIN

sin1 arcsin sin

cos 1 arccos cos

sec() =

cot() =

INVERSE TRIG FUNCTION RANGE

sin1 : 1 1

sin1
2
2

cot 1 :

tan1
2
2

cos 1 : 1 1

tan1 arctan tan

csc() =

0 cos1

MATHS REFERENCE SHEET COLLECTION

A reference sheet for the
hawkermaths.com
senior maths program

hawkermaths.com

Mathematical Applications
Mathematical Methods
Specialist Mathematics

Flexible Maths Delivery

Hawker College, ACT, Australia

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If f is differentiable on the interval (a,b) and continuous

at the end points there exists a c in (a,b) such that

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SUBSTITUTION

EXPRESSION
EVALUATION

Midpoint rule

Trapezoid rule

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IDENTITY USED

Left-hand and right-hand rectangle approximation

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EXPRESSION

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Axis of symmetry at :

Centre the origin, radius r

Centre (h,k), radius r

Centre (0,0), radius r

Centre (0,0), radius r