The angle in a

semi-circle is 90

Angles at the

circumference

They must come

from the same arc.

are equal.

Look out for a

2x

diameter.

A
Cyclic
Quadrilateral

They must come

from the same arc.

is twice the angle at the

Circle Theorems
Opposite angles

The angle at the centre

circumference.

From any point you can

only draw two tangents...

equal

add up to 1800

The angle between

a tangent and a

equal

radius is 90

Alternate Segment
Theorem.

Look out

180
for radii.

... and theyll be equal.

round a point

triangles

360

AREA
parallel

opposite

height

Area = base x height

quadrilaterals
2

Area = base x height

parallelogram

lines

alternate
base
corresponding

Area = base x height

height

trapezium
Equal

base

base

supplementary
base

height

height

straight lines

height

height

a triangle is half the area of a rectangle

rectangle

Always use the

(n 2) x 1800

polygons

perpendicular
height
a

angle sum =

interior angle

base
exterior angle
circle
radius

add up to
3600

Area = r2

Area = (a + b) x h
2

intercept

(n 2) x 180

gradient

Quadratic Graphs
triangle
4 quadrilateral
y = x2

numbers.

pentagon

number of

Y=3x+2
y = -x + 5
3

7 parabola.
- heptagon

Polygo
GRAPHS
ns

y = sinx

Parallel lines have

Perpendicular lines

angle sum
a product of -1.
number of sides

have gradients with

Trigonometric Graphs
OR
y = cosx

exterior
180 angle
0

Sine Curve

octagon

y = ax + bx + c
9 - nonagon
2

the same gradient.

interior
angle

6 hexagon

U shaped

triangles
y = mx + c
4 x 1800 = 5400

y = x2 3x - 2

Square

Reciprocal

Angle
Sum

Y=3x-4

Cosine Curve

1
y
=
10 - decagon
x

exterior angle

y = tanx

Cubic Graphs

Linear Graphs

Y=3x+2

Y = 4x + 3

3600
number of sides

Tangent

OR

interior
180 angle

Cube
numbers.

y = x3

 Factorising
Factorising:
bracket
Solving:
Formula
easy x + 7x + 12 = 0 s
more
Completing the square (x + 3)(x + 4) = 0
difficult!
x = 3 or x = 4
Drawing a graph
2

multiply

3x2 - 5x + 2

1x6

3x2 - 3x 2x + 2

2x3

3x(x 1) 2(x -1)

(3x 2)(x - 1)

y = -fx

y = fx + a

y = kfx

The formula:

reflection
Quadratic Equations
2
minus a down
in c
x-axis
ax
+
bx
+
Completing the square:
plus a - up
0

x + 4x - 3 = 0
2

(x + 2) 4 3 = 0

a(x + 2)2 7 = 0

a half of 4x

x + 2 = 7y=x

subtract 2

y-axis
2a

Graphs:

y=sinx

2
stretch
x = -b b
4acin

scale

draw lines to find

factor k

solutions

x = 7 - 2

y = f(x + a)

Difference of Two Squares:

x - 16
2

plus a - left
(x 4)(x + 4)
minus a right

x squared subtract

y = f(-x)

x-axis

reflection

in y-axis

might think!

Parabola u shaped graph

stretch in

4 squared

-a
opposite to what u

y = f(Kx)

y=x3

scale factor 1/k

Rotation

Translation

Rotation of 900,

Describe with

clockwise, about

To describe a rotation

a vector

centre (2,-1)

you need:

3
4

the angle of rotation

3
4

squares right
squares up

anti-

the direction

clockwise

clockwise

the coordinates of
the centre

Transformations

Reflection

Centre

Centre of rotation
Negative enlargements

HIGHER only!

Enlargement
Enlargement,
scale factor 3,
centre (0,7)

x=2

Describe by naming
the line of symmetry

Reflection in the
line x = 2.

Always use TRACING

PAPER for translation,
reflection & rotation.

To describe an enlargement
you need:

Enlargement of

the scale factor

scale factor -2.

coordinates of the centre

Non-Prisms

Prisms

Cones
Prisms have a uniform
cross-section

V = r h
3

section

height

Crosslength

Volume =

area of
cross-section

radius

Volume

length

Pyramid
s

Volume = area of base x height

3
a cone is one third
of a cylinder

Frustrums

cylinders
cuboids

r2

a frustrum is a pyramid

Spheres

with the top cut off.

length

Volume = length x width x height

height

height

width

You need to find

Volume = r2h
radius

the volume of both

pyramids.

Often you need to use similar

shapes in frustrum problems.

V = 4r3
3