Introduction to pumps

Lecture # 21-22
Mujahid Mehdi Abro

Indus University

WHAT IS THE PUMP?

Pumps
are
machines
which
supply energy to a liquid in order
to move it from place to another.

Introduction
The method that is used to supply this energy to the liquid
determines the category into which the pump is placed and
the system between the pump and the liquid final
destination defines the application.

Refinery

Water Flood

Transportation

Introductio
n
Pumps enable a liquid to:
1. Flow from a region or low pressure to one of high pressure.
2. Flow from a low level to a higher level.
3. Flow at a faster rate.

Basic Terms
Volumetric Flow rate: Flow rate /Capacity of a pump is
the amount of liquid delivered by the pump per unit of time
(m3/hr).

Total Head: It is term that defines

how high the pump can lift a liquid./Pressure in
terms of height.

Hydraulic Power: Power transferred

by the pump to the liquid.

VACUUM: Pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure.

Types

Dynamic
Pump
Centrifu
gal
Pump

Axial

Displaceme
nt
Pumps
Reciprocatin
g

RotaryPump
s

PistonDiaphragmGear Lobe Screw

Principle of Operation
Dynamic Pump: . In dynamic pumps, energy is added to
the fluid continuously through the rotary motion of the
blades. This increase in energy is converted to a gain in
Pressure Energy when the liquid is allowed to pass through
an increased area.

Centrifugal Pump
Working Principle:
Works on the principle of centrifugal force. This is the force that pushes the
liquid away from the centre(in tangential direction).
Converting Prime Mover energy into Mechanical energy through shaft .
Converting Mechanical energy into fluid energy impeller.
Converting kinetic Energy into pressure energy through the volute casing.

Centrifugal Pump
Major Parts:
Shaft: It transmit the torque/Power. and supporting the
impeller and other rotating parts. Shaft is protected from
corrosion and wear at the seal chamber.

Impeller: An Impeller has vanes that pushes the liquid

through the impeller. Transmit energy into the fluid
(hydraulic energy).

Volute/Casing: Impeller are fitted inside the casing.

Volute casing is a curved shaped ,increasing in cross
sectional area. Volute reduces the velocity of the liquid
and increases the pressure.

Multistage Centrifugal
Pumps.
`

In order to achieve a higher discharge pressure multiple impellers are u

within a single pump. Depending upon the requirement.

Positive Displacement
Pumps
Working Principle:
Positive Displacement Pump has an expanding cavity on
suction side of the pump and a decreasing cavity on
discharge side. Liquid is allowed to flow into the pump as
cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid is forced
of the discharge.

the
the
the
out

Reciprocating Pumps:
Working Principle

Reciprocating Positive Displacement Pump

Introduction
Reciprocating & Rotary
Reciprocating
and rotary pumps are
Pumps Capacity:
capable of capacities ranging from low
to medium. In theory, reciprocating
pumps can be manufactured to deliver
more capacity, but they become
expensive at high flow rates. Both
reciprocating and rotary pumps are
capable of delivering product at
extremely low flow rates , making
them particularly suitable for many
chemical injection applications.

Comparison
..
Rotary Pumps

Reciprocating Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps

Parameter

Low/Medium Capacity,
Low/Medium Pressure

Low Capacity,
High Pressure

Medium/High
Capacity,
Low/Medium Pressure

10,000+ GPM

10,000+ GPM

100,000+ GPM
(Gallons Per Minute)

Maximum Flow Rate

(1 liter =3.78541 Gallons)

Yes

Yes

No

Low Flow Rate Capability

4,000+ PSI

100,000+ PSI

6,000+ PSI (Pounds

per squire inch)

Maximum Pressure

Constant

Constant

Variable

Variable or Constant
Flow

Requires Less Space

Requires More Space

Requires Less Space

Lower Initial
Lower Maintenance
Lower Power

Higher Initial
Higher Maintenance
Lower Power

Lower Initial
Lower Maintenance
Higher Power

Optimum Flow and

Pressure Applications

Space Considerations
Costs

Fluid Handling
Optimum performance
with high viscosity
fluids

Suitable for high

viscosity fluids

Not suitable for high

viscosity fluids