Chapter 8: Carbon Chemistry

Objectives
Students will understand the following:
1) Carbon: identify various types of carbon and
unsaturated/saturated, draw hydrocarbons, and
distinguish various types of substituted
hydrocarbons (Sec. 8.1, 8.2)

Carbon Chemistry
Why is carbon so important?
Carbon is involved in pretty much every thing
was living, whether now or in the past
There are four types of pure carbon:
- diamond
- graphite
- fullerene and nanotube

Carbon Chemistry
Diamond is found in diamonds
Bonds are strong and hard to break
Drawing is optional
Rings are VERY expensive
Buying a ring is a sign
of commitment

Carbon Chemistry
Graphite is found in pencil
Bonds are weak, hence why it feels so smooth

Carbon Chemistry
Fullerene is found in buckyballs

Carbon Chemistry
What are organic compounds?
Anything that has carbon is an organic compound
Simplest organic compound is hydrocarbon
- very flammable, do not mix with H2O
- form double bonds or triple bonds

Carbon Chemistry
C-C single

saturated (single bonds only)

C=C double

unsaturated (at least one

triple

double bond)

Saturated
Unsaturated
Single bonds (C- at least 1 double
C)
bond (C=C)
Solid at R.T.
Liquid at R.T.
Do not spoil
spoil quickly
quickly
Low M.P.
High M.P.
*M.P. melting point, R.T. room temperature
Which do you think is worse for your body?
Share your thoughts and predictions

Write / draw at least two of each in your notes

Saturated

Unsaturated

Saturated fats are typically worse for you

because it takes much longer for your body to
break them down.
*Note: this is why you may see white clumps
in your excretions after eating a meal high
in fat.

Too much saturated fats result in having too

much cholesterol in the body.
If cholesterol comes from fats, and the fats
are too difficult to break down or absorb,
what can happen to your body?
It clogs your arteries (preventing blood flow),
which results in heart attacks or strokes.

It clogs your arteries (preventing blood flow),

which results in heart attacks or strokes.
Clogged arteries
can result in
heart attacks
or strokes.
Strokes blood
and oxygen
stop flowing to
the brain

Trans fats are artificially made unsaturated fats

Fats found in nature (unsaturated) are better for
you compared to fats made by people (artificial)
Write/draw two in your notes

But wait contradiction!!!

Why would unsaturated fats, that have double
and/or triple bonds, be easier to break down?
Arent double/triple bonds stronger than single
bonds?

Saturated

Unsaturated

Carbon Compounds
Organic compounds have a naming system,
depending on the number of carbons it has
1 meth

methane

2 eth
3 pro
4 but
5 pent

propane
butane

Carbon Compounds
If any element other than C or H is added to a
hydrocarbon, it is called a substituted
hydrocarbon
Alcohols contain hydroxyl groups (-OH)
CH3OH

methanol

C2H5OH

ethanol

Ethanol is in medicines and alcoholic beverages

Carbon Compounds
Carboxylic acids are in foods (-COOH)
Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
Malic acid C3H5O3COOH
Esters have pleasant and fruity smells (-OCO)