1

z ( z + 1)
2

sin z

z3

6 e1 z

ln (z + 1)

2
(1 + z )(1 + e z )

2
z (e z 1)

z 2n

1+ zn

1 f ( z ) =

z ( z 2 + 1)

1
z z z +1
3

1
.
sin z 2

z z + 1 =0 z = 0 z = i
2

z = 0 z = i

sin z
= z = 0
z 0 z 3

2 lim

a. z = 0 sin z z = 0 z z = 0
b. lim z
z 0

sin z
sin z
= lim
= 1 0 z = 0
3
z 0
z
z

3=

1
1
z = 1 z = 1
=
( z 2 1)( z 1) (z 1)2 (z + 1)

4a ln(1 + z ) = ( 1)n
n =0

b lim
z 0

sin z

z3

n
z n+1
ln(1 + z )
n z
= ( 1)
0 <| z |< 1
z = 0
n +1
z
n +1
n =0

ln (1 + z )
1
= lim
= 1 z = 0
z 0 (1 + z )
z

5 1 + z 2 = 0 z = i 1 + z 2 1 + e

1 + e

zk

= 0 zk = ( 2k + 1) i (k = 0,1,2, ") (1 + e z )

= e zk = 0 zk (1 + e z ) z = i

zk = ( 2k + 1) i ( k = 1, 2,")
1

6 e1 z =

(1) n
z = 1

n
n = 0 n !( z 1)

zn
z z2
1
7 e 1 = z
= z (1 + + + ") z = 0 z 2 (e z 1) 2 z
z (e 1)
2 3!
n = 0 ( n + 1)!
z

z = 2k i, (k = 1, 2,")
8 z n + 1 = 0 z n = 1 z k = e

(2 k +1)
n

(k = 0,1," n 1)

2
9 sin z = 0 z = k , z = i k k = 0,1, 2,"

-1-

( sin z ) |
2

z 2 = k

0 k =0
1
2
= 2 z = 0
(sin z ) ''

= 2 z cos z 2 |z 2 = k =
z
=
0
sin z 2
0 k 0

z = k z = i k k = 1, 2,3,"

sin z 2

2 z0 f (z ) m m > 1 z0 f ' (z ) m 1
m
f (z ) = (z z0 ) (z ) (z0 ) 0

f ' ( z ) = m( z z 0 )

m 1

(z ) + (z z 0 )m ' (z ) = (z z0 )m1 [m (z ) + (z z0 ) ' (z )]

z0 f ' (z ) m-1
3 z =

ch

i
2

i
2

ch z

= cos

= 0 (ch z ) ' z = i = sh
2

i
2

= isin

= i z =

ch z

4 z = 0 (sin z + sh z 2 z )

(sin z + sh z 2 z ) z =0 = 0, (sin z + sh z 2 z ) ' z =0 = (cos z + ch z 2) z = 0 = 0

(sin z + sh z 2 z ) '' z =0 = ( sin z + sh z ) z =0 = 0, (sin z + sh z 2 z ) ''' z = 0 = ( cos z + ch z ) z = 0 = 0

(sin z + sh z 2 z )(4)

z =0

= (sin z + sh z ) z =0 = 0, (sin z + sh z 2 z )(5)

z =0

= (cos z + ch z ) z =0 = 2
2

z = 0 sin z + sh z 2 z (sin z + sh z 2 z )
5 f ( z ) g ( z ) z0

lim

z z0

f ( z)
f '( z )
= lim
z

z
0 g '( z )
g ( z)

()

f ( z ) g ( z ) z0 f ( z ) = ( z z0 ) ( z )

g ( z ) = ( z z0 ) ( z ) ( z ), ( z )
f '( z ) ( z ) + ( z z0 ) '( z )
f ( z ) ( z z0 ) ( z ) ( z )

=
=
=
g ( z ) ( z z0 ) ( z ) ( z ) g '( z ) ( z ) + ( z z0 ) '( z )

lim

z z0

( z ) + ( z z0 ) '( z )
f ( z)
( z)
f '( z )
( z)
lim

= lim
= lim
= lim
g ( z ) z z0 ( z ) z z0 g '( z ) z z0 ( z ) + ( z z0 ) '( z ) z z0 ( z )
lim

z z0

f ( z)
f '( z )
= lim
z

z
0 g '( z )
g ( z)

()

6 ( z ) ( z ) z = a m n z = a

1 ( z ) ( z ) 2 ( z ) / ( z ) 3 ( z ) + ( z )

( z ) =

f ( z)

( z z0 )

( z ) =

g ( z)

( z z0 )

g (a) 0
-2-

f ( z ) g ( z ) a f ( a ) 0

1 z = a ( z ) ( z ) m + n
2 ( z ) / ( z ) m < n a n m m > n a m n m = n

a
3 m n a ( z ) + ( z ) max{m, n} m = n a ( z ) + ( z )
m a ( z ) + ( z )
7 f ( z ) =

1
z ( z 1)
1

z ( z 1)

z = 1

="+

( z 1)

( z 1)

( z 1)

,| z 1|> 1. | z 2 |> 1

1
z = 1 f (z ) (z 2) Res f ( z ) ,1 = 0

z = 1 f (z ) | z 2 |> 1

z = 2

1
d
1
2
= 1
( z 1)
2
z 1 ( 2 1) ! dz
z ( z 1)

Res f ( z ) ,1 = lim

8 f (z )

z +1

1 2
z 2z
5 cos

1 z

6 z sin

1 Res f ( z ) , 0 = lim z
z 0

2 f (z ) =

1+ z4
3 2

( z + 1)3

1 e2 z
2

z4

z sin z

cos z

sh z

ch z

z +1
1
z +1
3
= Res f ( z ) , 2 = lim( z 2) 2
=
2
z

z 2z
2
z 2z 2
2

1 e2 z
z = 0 f (z )
z4
Res[ f (z ),0] = lim
z 0

1 d2
2! dz 2

3 1 e2z
4
z
=
4
3
z

f (z ) =

Res[ f (z ),0] = c1 =

1
z4

1 2 1 3

1 1 2 z 2! 4 z 3! 8 z "

4
3

1 d2
3 Res f ( z ) ,i = lim
z i 2! dz 2

3
3 1+ z
( z i) ( z 2 + 1)3 = 8 i

-3-

1 d2
z i 2! dz 2

Res f ( z ) , i = lim

4 Res f ( z ), k +

3
3 1+ z
+
= i
(
z
i)

2
3
( z + 1) 8

=
= (1) k +1 (k + ) k = 0, 1, 2,"

2 (cos z ) ' z = k +
2
2

5 cos

1
(1) n
=
,| z 1|> 0 Res f ( z ) ,1 = c1 = 0
1 z n =0 (2n)!( z 1) 2 n

1
1
(1) n 1
2
6 z sin = z
,| z |> 0 Res f ( z ) , 0 = c1 =
2 n 1
z
6
n =1 (2 n 1)! z
2

1
(1) k
d 2 1
7 Res [ f ( z ), 0] = lim
=
, k = 1, 2,"
z
= 0 Res [ f ( z ), k ] =
z 0 dz
( z sin z ) ' z = k
k
z sin z

1
2

8 Res f ( z ), ( k + ) i =

sh z
= 1, k
(ch z ) ' z =( k + 1 ) i
2

9
1

sin z
v 3 z dz

| z| =

e2 z

v ( z 1)

dz

| z| = 2

| z|=

th zdz

| z 2i| =1

v tan ( z ) dz

1 cos z
dz m
zm
3

v ( z a) ( z b)

| z | =3

dz n

| z| =1

| a | 1,| b | 1,| a |<| b |

1 f (z ) =

sin z
lim f (z ) = 1 z = 0 f (z )
z 0
z

Res[ f (z ),0] = c1 = 0

=0
2 C f (z ) =

e2 z
2z
2
z = 1 Res f ( z ) ,1 = lim(e ) z =1 = 2e
z 1
(z 1)2

=4 e 2 i .
(3) f ( z ) =

1 cos z
1 1 z2 z4
= m2 (
+
...) z = 0 m 2 I =
m
2! 4! 6!
z
z

f (z )dz
C

m 2 Res[ f (z ),0] = c1 = 0 I = 0
m = 2n > 2 Res[ f (z ),0] = c1 = 0 I = 0
m = 2n + 1 > 2 Res[ f (z ),0] = ( 1)n1 / 2n! = ( 1)
I = (1)

m3
2

m 3
2

/ (m 1)

2 i/(m 1)! m 3 I = (1)

4 f (z ) = th z =

m 3
2

2 i/(m 1)!

sh z
1

, z k = k + i (k = 0,1, ") k = 0 z0 = i | z 2 i |= 1
z
ch z
2

Res[ f (z ), z 0 ] = sh z0 = 1

I=

f (z )dz = 2 i Res f (z ), 2 = 2 i
C

-4-

5 f (z ) = tan z | z |= 3 z k = k +
1
sin z

Res tan , k + =
2 (cos z )

=
z =k +

1
2

1
k
2

= 0, 1, 2, 3 6

1
tan zdz = 2 i Res f ( z ) , zk =2 i 6 = 12i
C

6 1 <| a |<| b | 0

1
d n 1
1
(1) n 1 (2n 2)!
n
lim
( z a)
=
| a |<| b |< 1 Res[ f ( z ), a ] =
(n 1)! z a dx n 1
( z a ) n ( z b) n [(n 1)!]2 (a b) 2 n 1
1
d n 1
1
(1) n 1 (2n 2)!
n
Res[ f ( z ), b] =
lim
( z b)
=
0
(n 1)! z a dx n 1
( z a ) n ( z b) n [(n 1)!]2 (b a ) 2 n 1
| a |< 1 <| b |

(1) n 1 (2n 2)!

[(n 1)!]2 (a b) 2 n 1

10 z =
1

2 cos z sin z

z2

1 e

2z

3 + z2
1
t

1 (t ) = f ( z ) = f ( ) = e

t2

2n

1
z 2 n +1
n z
n +1
(1)
2 (t ) = f ( z ) = f ( ) = (1)
z =
t
(2n)! n =0
(2n + 1)!
n=0

cos z sin z
3

2z
2
3 9
= (1 2 + 4 + ") c1 = 2
2
3+ z
z
z
z
1 1
2
Res[ f ( z ), ] = Res[ f ( ) 2 , 0] = Res[
, 0] = 2
z z
z (1 + 3 z 2 )

11 Res[ f (z ), ]
1 f ( z ) =

ez
z2 1

1 f ( z ) =

2 f ( z ) =

1
z ( z + 1) 4 ( z 4)

ez
z = 1, z = 1,
z2 1
Res[ f (z ), ] = Res[ f (z ),1] Res[ f (z ),1] = lim
z 1

=
2 f (z ) =

e e 1
+
= sh 1
2 2

z (z + 1) (z 4 )
4

ez
ez
lim
z + 1 z 1 z 1

z = 0 z = 1 z = 4

z = 4 <| z |<

-5-

1
1
1
1 1
f (z ) =
=
=
= 6

4
4
4
z (z + 1) (z 4 )
1
4 6 1 4 z 1 + 1
4
z z 1 + z 1 z 1 + 1
z

z
z
z
z

1 4
z

1 1 1
4 16

1 + 2 + ... 1 + + 2 + ...
z z
z
z6
z

c1 = 0, Res[ f (z ), ] = 0 . IV
12C
1

z15
vC ( z 2 + 1)2 ( z 4 + 2)3 dz, C :| z |= 3

z 2n
vC 1 + z n dz

n C :|

z15
( z 2 + 1) 2 ( z 4 + 2)3

z 3 1z
vC 1 + z e dz C :| z |= 2

z |= r > 1

| z |= 3 IV

z15
1 1
vC ( z 2 + 1)2 ( z 4 + 2)3 dz = 2 i Res[ f ( z ), ] = 2 i Res[ f ( z ) z 2 , 0]
= 2 i Res[
2 f (z ) =

1
, 0] = 2 i
z (1 + z ) (1 + 2 z 4 )3
2 2

z3 z
e z = 1 z = 0 z = 1 z = 0 2 <| z |< +
1+ z

f (z )
f (z ) =

z3
1
z 1 +
z

ez =

1
1 1
1

e z = z 2 1 + 2 ...1 + +
+ ...
2
z
z
z
z
2
!
1

1 +
z

z2

1 1
1
1 11

= z 2 z + 1 2 ...1 + +
+ ... = z 2 +
+ ...
2
z
z
2
! 3z
z
z
2
!

c1 = , = 2i(c1 ) = i .
1
3

2
3

z2
3 n = 1 v
1 + z dz = 2 i Res[ f ( z), 1] = 2 i n 1
C
z 2n
zn
1
1
1
=
= z n (1 n + 2 n + ") = z n 1 + n + "
n
n
1+ z
1+ z
z
z
z

z 2n
c1 = 0 v
1 + z n dz = 0
C
13
1)

1
d
5 + 3sin

sin 2
d
a + b cos

-6-

(a > b > 0) 3

1
dx
(1 + x 2 ) 2

x2
dx
1 + x4

cos x
dx
x + 4x + 5

x sin x
dx
1 + x2

1 5 + 3sin 0 2

1
dz
2
i
= v
dz = 2 i Res[ f ( z ), ]
2
2
z 1 iz | z|=1 3z + 10iz 3
3
| z | =1
5+3
2iz

2
= 2 i
=
6z +10i z = i 2

I=

2 a + b cos 0 2

z2 1 2
)
dz
a + a 2 b 2
i( z 2 1) 2
z
2i
I = v
=
dz
=
s
f
z
+
f
z

2
i{Re
[
(
),
0]
Res[
(
),
]}
z 2 + 1 iz |zv|=1 2 z 2 (bz 2 + 2az + b)
b
| z | =1
a+b
2z
(

(1 + z 2 )(a + 3az 2 + bz (3 + z 2 ))
ai
= 2
Res[ f ( z ), 0] =
2 2
(b + 2az + bz )
b
z =0
Res[ f ( z ),

I =

a + a 2 b 2
i( z 2 1) 2
]=
b
4 z (b + 3az + 2bz 2 ) z = a +

a 2 b2
b

i a 2 b2
b2

2
(a a 2 b2 )
2
b

3 f ( z ) =

1
2 i
(1 + z 2 ) 2

Res[ f ( z ),i] = lim

z i

d
d
1
2
i
( z i) 2 f ( z ) = lim
=
=
2
3
z i dz ( z + i)
dz
(2i)
4

1
dx 2 i Res[ f ( z ),i] =
2 2
2
(1 + x )

I =

f ( z ) =

i
3 i
z2
4
4

e
,
e

1+ z4

Res[ f ( z ),

I=

5 I =

x2
1 + x 2
dx =
dx
1 + x4
2 1 + x 4

i
4

]=

z2
4z3

z =e 4

1 i
3 i
z2
]= 3
Res[ f ( z ),
4
4z
4 2

3 i
z =e 4

1+ i
4 2

1
i
3 i

2 i(Res[ f ( z ), ] + Res[ f ( z ),
]) =
2
4
4
2 2

1
ei x
x 2 + 4 x + 5 dx R ( z ) = z 2 + 4 z + 5 z = 2 + i R(z )

-7-

ei z

Res R ( z ) e ,i =
2z + 4
iz

=
z =2 + i

e 1 (sin 2 + i cos 2)

Re{2 i Res[ R( z )e , 2 + i]} = e cos 2

1

iz

xei x
z
6 I =
z = i R(z )
dx R(z ) =
1 + x 2
1+ z2

Res R(z )e i z , i = lim(z i )

z i

ze i z
e 1
=
( z i)( z + i)
2

I = 2 i Res R(z )ei z , i = e 1 i = Im{I } = e

14 4
+

sin x
dx
x

sin x
1 + sin x
dx =
dx ei z / z z = 0 ei z / z

x
x
2

Cauchy

y
Ri
Cr

14

Cr

-ix
ix
ix
Re
R e
R sin x
r e
e ix
dx =
dx
dx +
dx = 2i
dx
r
r x
r
R x
R x
x
x

= t

ix
iz
iz
ix
Re
R + Ri e
R + Ri e
R
r e
e iz
e iz
dz +
dx +
dz +
dz +
dz +
dx = 0
r x
R
R + Ri
R + Ri z
R x
z
z
z

R + Ri

R + Ri

R + Ri

eiz
dz =
z

e iz
dz =
z

iz
R
R + Ri e
ei(x + R i)
e- R
dx
dx 2e- R lim
dz = 0
R
R + R + Ri
x + Ri
z
x2 + R2

R
ei(R + iy )
e- y
1 e R
i dy
dy
0
R + iy
R
R2 + y2

eiz
1 e R
R+ Ri z dz R
R

R
R + Ri eiz
eiz
lim
dz +
dz = 0
R + Ri z
R +
z
R

2i

lim

r 0 Cr

eiz
dz = i
z

+ sin x
sin x

dx = i
dx =
0
x
x
2

155.4.1
1

1
dz = 2 i
z
| z| =3

z
dz = 2 i
z

1
| z| =3

-8-

v tan zdz = 4 i

| z| =3

1
dz = 0
(
1)
z
z
+
| z | =3

16 C D

z0 C f ( z ) D f ( z0 ) = 0

f '( z0 ) 0 C f ( z )
1

2 i v
C

f ( z ) C z0

zf '( z )
dz = z0
f ( z)

( z z0 ) f '( z )
zf '( z ) ( z z0 ) f '( z ) z0 f '( z )
z0

=
+
f ( z)
f ( z)
f ( z)
f ( z)

5.4.1

2 i v
C

17

( z z0 ) f '( z )
z0 f '( z )
zf '( z )
1
1
dz =
dz +
dz = 0 + z0 = z0
v

f ( z)
2 i C
f ( z)
2 i C f ( z )

( z ) C :| z |= 1 C | ( z ) |< 1 C z0 ( z0 ) = z0

f ( z ) = z C f ( z ) = 1 (z ) < 1 z = ( z ) f ( z ) = 0

( z ) = z | z |< 1

18 a > e e z = az n |

z |= 1 n

f (z ) = az n g (z ) = e z z 1 | z |= 1 | az n |=| a | z n |=| a | | e z |= e cos e a > e

| f (z ) |=| az n |=| a |>| e z |=| g (z ) |

f (z ) f (z ) + g (z ) C :| z |= 1 e z = az n az n = 0
n
19 z 7 z 3 + 12 = 0 1 | z | 2

z < 2 f (z ) = z 7 g (z ) = 12 z 3 | z |= 2

g (z ) = 12 z 3 12 + z 3 20 <| z 7 |=| f (z ) |
z 7 z 3 + 12 = 0 z 7 z 7 z 3 + 12 = 0 |z|=2
| z |< 1 f (z ) = 12 g (z ) = z 7 z 3 | z |= 1 f (z ) > z 7 + z 3 z 7 z 3 = g (z ) z 7 z 3 + 12 = 0
f (z ) = 12 z = 1 z 7 z 3 + 12 = 0 1 | z | 2

-9-