Chapter 15:

The Nation Breaking Apart (1846-1861)

North and South

NORTH
North developed more industry and
commerce (factories and trade).
In the North much of the population growth
came from immigration.
Immigrants and others from the Northeast
moved west and built farms and new states
from the Northwest Territory.
Most railroads and canals ran east and
west.
The North had a larger population than the
South.
SOUTH
South relied on plantation farming.
Planation owners were the wealthiest and
most powerful in the South, but smallest in
population (3 percent).
1/3 of the population in the South were
slaves.

Antislavery and Racism

Abolitionists were people that tried to end slavery.
Some Northern workers opposed slavery because
they were afraid slaves would take their paid jobs.
Most people during the 1800s were racists, by
modern standards.
Whites refused to go to school, work with, or live
near African-Americans.
In most states, even freed African-Americans
could not vote.
Most Southerners whites were poor farmers who
owned no slaves, but supported slavery because
they did not want to be at the bottom of society.
WATCH movie preview for RACE

Wilmot
Proviso
In 1820, The
Congress
passed the
Missouri
Compromise first proposed by Senator Henry
Clay of Kentucky.
Missouri became a slave state (12th slave
state).
Maine became a free state (12th free state).
Banned slavery in the Louisiana Territory
north of the 3630.
In 1846 at the start of the Mexican-American
War, David Wilmot (Rep. from Pennsylvania)
proposed a bill known as the Wilmot Proviso
Wilmot Proviso was a proposal that tried to
outlaw slavery in any territory gained from
the War with Mexico.
Wilmot Proviso was passed in the House of
Representatives, but did not pass in the
Senate.
Why did the Wilmot Proviso pass in the
House and NOT in the Senate???

In 1850
appliedofto1850
become a
The California
Compromise
free state (15 slave states and 15 free
states).
Henry Clay, who helped create the
Missouri Compromise, proposed the
Compromise of 1850.
California would be admitted as a
free state.
Slave trade would be abolished in
Washington D.C.
Congress would not pass laws about
slavery for territories won from
Mexico.
Congress would pass a stronger law
to help slave-owners recapture
runaway slaves (Fugitive Slave Act).

Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois

helped get the Compromise of 1850

The Fugitive Slave Act

The 1850 law to help slaveholders recapture

runaway slaves was called the Fugitive
Slave Act.

People accused under the Fugitive Slave Act

had no right to a jury trial (6th Amendment).

Do you want $5 or $10?

Northerners did not like the Fugitive Slave

Act because if Northerners did not help to
recapture runaway slaves they could be
fined or put in jail.

Should they obey the law and support slavery,

or should they break the law and oppose
slavery (Creating America, 462-463)?
DISCUSS LAUSD Votes to Ban ICE
(Immigration and Customs Enforcement)
Agents from Campuses (Foxla.com).
What are some similarities and
differences between the Fugitive Slave
Act and ICE?

Uncle Toms Cabin

In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe
published Uncle Toms Cabin.
Uncle Toms Cabin was a story
of a slave named Uncle Tom,
and his experiences as a slave
with 3 different owners.
Why was Uncle Toms Cabin
popular in the North, but
NOT in the South?

The Kansas-Nebraska
Act
In 1854, Senator Stephen Douglas
from Illinois proposed that the
Nebraska Territory be divided into
two territories (Kansas and
Nebraska).
The issue of slavery in new
territories would be determined by
popular sovereignty.
Popular sovereignty is a system
where residents vote to decide an
issue.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act got rid
of the Missouri Compromise.

Proslavery = want slavery

Antislavery = do NOT want slavery

Bleeding Kansas
In March of 1855, 5,000 proslavery
people from Missouri voted in the
Kansas election illegal, and voted many
proslavery people into office.
In May of 1855, a proslavery mob
attacked the antislavery town of
Lawrence, Kansas. This attack became
known as the Sack of Lawrence.
John Brown, an extreme abolitionist,
and 7 other men went to the home of
their proslavery neighbors and
murdered 5 people. This attack became
known as the Pottawatomie Massacre.

Violence in Congress
Senator Charles Sumner of
Massachusetts gave a speech
attacking proslavery supporters
and insulted Senator A.P. Butler of
South Carolina.
When Preston Brooks, a relative of
Butler, heard about Sumners
speech Brooks hit Sumner over the
head with his cane repeatedly
until the cane broke.
Bleeding Kansas and Bleeding
Sumner became rallying cries for
antislavery.

The Republican Party Forms

The Kansas-Nebraska Act caused a
split in the Whig Party.
The Southern Whigs supported
and the Northern Whigs opposed
the Kansas-Nebraska Act because
it opened up slavery in the new
territories.
A few Southern Whigs joined the
Democratic Party, but most
searched for leaders who would
support slavery.
The Northern Whigs joined with
other opponents of slavery and
formed the Republican Party.

The Election of 1856

In the Election of 1856
the Democrats nominated James
Buchanan,
the Republicans nominated John
Fremont, AND
the Know-Nothing Party nominated
Millard Fillmore.
In the North it was Buchanan vs.
Fremont.
Buchanan won several Northern
states, and Fremont won 11
Northern states.
In the South it was Buchanan vs.
Fillmore.
Buchanan won all the slaves states,
except Maryland.

The
Case
Dred
Scott
Dred
Scott
was a of
slave
in Missouri,
but
his owner took him to live in territories
where slavery was illegal.
After his owner died, Scott sued for his
freedom.
The case reached the Supreme Court
in 1856.
In 1857 Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled
that Scott was not a U.S. citizen, and
could not sue in U.S. courts (14th
Amendment).
Taney also argued that Congress could
not ban slavery in the territories
because it would violate slaveholders
property rights, protected by the 5th
Amendment.

Lincoln and Douglas Debate

In 1858, Republicans nominated
Abraham Lincoln to challenge
Stephan Douglas to be Senator of
Illinois.
The Lincoln-Douglas debates are
models for political debates.
Douglas won, but Lincoln became
a national figure and strengthened
his standing in the Republican
party.
WATCH CNN Best Moments from
Presidential Debates

John Brown Attacks Harpers

Ferry
On October 16, 1859, John Brown
and 18 others (13 whites and 5
blacks) captured Harpers Ferry
arsenal and killed four people.
Brown sent word to rally and arm
local slaves, but no slaves joined the
fight.
The U.S. Marines attacked Harpers
Ferry, and captured Brown.
Brown was put on trial for murder
and treason. He was convicted and
sentenced to hang.
On the day Brown was executed
abolitionists rang bells and fired
guns in salute, this enraged
Southerners.

Political Parties Splinter

For the 1860 Presidential Election

The Republican party nominated Abraham
Lincoln.
The Northern Democrats nominated Stephen
Douglas, and wanted the platform to support
popular sovereignty.
The Southern Democrats nominated John
Breckinridge, and wanted the platform to
defend slavery.
The Constitutional Union Party nominated John
Bell, and wanted to preserve the Union.
After everyone is done with notes on this slide
ask Mr. Son to show you a photo of him
dressed as Abraham Lincoln!!!

The Election of 1860

Lincoln and Douglas were the only
candidates with much support in the
North.
Breckinridge and Bell competed for
Southern votes.
Lincoln opposed the expansion of
slavery into the territories.
Breckinridge argued that the federal
government be required to protect
slavery in any territories.
Douglas and Bell did not want the
federal governments to pass new
laws on slavery (popular
sovereignty).

Southern States Secede

So
My
Family
Always
Get
Loco
Tacos
South Carolina,
Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia,
Louisiana, and Texas

Southern States Secede

So
My
Family
Always
Get
Lotto
Tickets
South Carolina,
Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia,
Louisiana, and Texas

Southern States Secede

So
My
Family
Always
Get
Lakers
Tickets
South Carolina,
Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia,
Louisiana, and Texas

Southern States Secede

On December 20, 1860, South
Carolina became the first state
to secede.
During the next 6 weeks, 6
other states in the Deep South
also seceded from the Union.
In February 1861, states that
seceded met in Montgomery,
Alabama, and formed the
Confederate States of
America.
The Confederate States of
America named Jefferson Davis
as the President of the
Confederacy.

Efforts to Compromise
Northern states considered the
secession of theFail
Southern states
unconstitutional.
President James Buchanan argued
against secession.
In late February of 1861, Senator
John Crittenden of Kentucky tried to
find a compromise by proposing the
Crittenden Plan.
The Crittenden Plan was not passed
by Congress.
On March 4, 1861, Lincoln took the
oath of office and gave his First
Inaugural Address citing the
Constitution and Declaration of
Independence to argue against
secession.