COMM 603 Lecture 1

GUC (Dr.
Hany Hammad)
1/24/2016
Radio Frequency Engineering

Associate Prof. Hany Hammad
Lecture #1 Contents
Introduction.
What is Radio Frequency Engineering?.
Course Contents.
Introduction to RF and microwave engineering.
Printed transmission lines.
Dr. Hany Hammad, German University in Cairo
COMM (603) Lecture #1
GUC (Dr. Hany Hammad)
1/24/2016
Introduction
Course Title:
Radio Frequency Engineering. (COMM 603)
Instructors:
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hany Hammad.
Eng. Randa
Course Type:
Requirement for IET Communications and Electronics
students.
Course Schedule:
1 lecture per week.
1 tutorial per week.
Course Contents
Introduction to RF Technologies
Microwave Network Analysis
Transmission Lines
Power dividers and directional couplers
Impedance Matching and Tuning
Microwave Resonators
Lumped elements
RF Filters
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Communications System block diagram

Antenna
UpConverter
Modulating
Signal-Information
Transmitter
Band Pass
Filter
(BPF)
Modulator
Local
Oscillator
Power
Amplifier
LO
Transmission Medium
(Communication Engineering)
Demodulated
SignalInformation
(low frequency)
Demodulator
Low
Noise
Amp.
BPF/IF
Amp.
Receiver
Band Pass
Filter
(BPF)
LO
Evolution of RF applications
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RF for Smart Homes
RFID System
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RFID System
RF Filters
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Dividers & Combiners
Couplers & Hybrids
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Microwave amplifier
Planar Transmission Lines

Microstrip.
Slot Line.
Coplanar waveguide.
Coplanar lines.
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Advantages of Using planar TLs

They are planar (A planar configuration implies that the
characteristics of the element can be determined by the
dimensions in a single plane).
They can be fabricated by photolithographic and photo
etching processes.
Easily integrated with other passive and active devices.
Type of planar transmission lines
Microstrip Line
Parallel Strips Line
Coplanar Waveguide
Slot Line
Conductor
Dielectric
Coplanar Strips
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Microstrip Transmission Lines
Dielectric
(substrate)
Conductor
(Signal)
Conductor
(ground)
H-Fields
E-Fields
H-Fields
E-Fields
1/24/2016

Microstrip
Width
Microstrip
Thickness
Substrate
Thickness
Substrate
Dielectric
Constant

Other configurations for microstrip TL
10
1/24/2016

Effective Dielectric constant (eff)
r 1
r r
r eff
1 eff r
eff
Is function of the dielectric constant, width W, and thickness (d)
vp
ko eff
eff
Formulas for Microstrip transmission lines

Given
W, d, r
Find
Zo & eff
Given
Zo, r & d
Find
W
eff e
r 1 r 1
2
d
W
60 8d W
ln
e W 4d
120
Zo
W
W
e 1.393 0.667 ln 1.444
d
d
1 12
W
1
d
W
1
d
8e A
2A
W
e 2
d 2 B 1 ln( 2 B 1) r 1 ln( B 1) 0.39 0.61
2 r
r
Zo r 1 r 1
0.11
0.23
60
2
r 1
r
W
2
d
W
2
d
377
2Z o r
11
1/24/2016
Example
Calculate the width and length of a microstrip line for a 50
characteristic impedance and a 90o phase shift at 2.5 GHz. The
substrate thickness is d=0.127 cm, with r=2.20.
Answer
(50) (2.2) 1 (2.2) 1

0.11
0.23
1.1591
60
2
(2.2) 1
(2.2)
W 3.126
d 3.051
d 0.127cm
377
7.985
2(50) (2.2)
W 0.387cm
2.2 1 2.2 1
1
1.87
2
2
1 12(0.328)
l
l e
l e kol
v
c
2 2.5 109
1.87
l
8
3 10
2
2
l 0.0219 m 2.19 cm
Losses in Microstrip Lines

Two types of losses:
Dielectric losses.
ko r ( e 1) tan
Np/m
2 e ( r 1)
Conductor losses.
Rs
Rs
Np/m
Z oW
o
2
Surface resistivity
12
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Conductivities of Some Materials
Dielectric constants & loss tangents of some materials
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Losses in Microstrip Lines
Dielectric constants & loss tangents of some materials

Commercial Materials come in standard dielectric constants
and thicknesses.
For example:
Rogers Corporation provide RT/Duroids.
(http://www.rogerscorporation.com/).
Coors Technology (http://www.coorstek.com/)
14
1/24/2016
Power Handling Capability

Power handling capability of a microstrip is limited by:
Heating caused because of Ohmic and dielectric losses
Limits the average power of the microstrip line.
Dielectric breakdown.
Limits the peak power.
15

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GUC (Dr.

Radio Frequency Engineering

Dr. Hany Hammad, German University in Cairo