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The Rome Statute of The International Criminal Court
An Introduction
Prepared by Nai Lawe Aung
Burma Lawyers Council

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Hagenbach usL;vGefcJhwJhjypfr_rsm;ukd ppfaq;pD&if&eftwGuf yxrOD;qHk;
oD;oef@EkdifiHwumjypfr_qkdif&mw&m; &Hk; Ad-hoc International Criminal
Court wnfaxmifcJhjcif;?

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w&m;&Hk; w&yf wnfaxmifjcif;,if;tay:rSm twnfjyKvufcHvmatmif 1946
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1948 ckESpf 'DZifbmvwGif
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&mZ0wfr_rsm; aygif;csKyfwck Code of Crimes
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EkdifiHwumjypfr_qkdif&mw&m;&Hk;.a&mrjyXmef;Oya' The
Rome Statute of The International Criminal Court ukd pwiftouf0ifcJhonf?

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Thank you

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