Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ray Kroc opened the Des Plaines restaurant in 1955. First day's revenues-$366.12! No
longer a functioning restaurant, the Des Plaines building is now a museum containing
McDonald's memorabilia and artifacts, including the Multimixer!
In 1965 McDonald's went public with the company's first offering on the stock exchange.
A hundred shares of stock costing $2,250 dollars that day would have multiplied into
74,360 shares today, worth over $2.8 million on December 31, 1998.
"Big Mac":
"Introduced systemwide in 1968, the Big Mac was the brainchild of Jim Delligatti, one of
Ray Kroc's earliest franchisees, who by the late 1960s operated a dozen stores in
Pittsburgh."
"Happy Meal":
Since 1979 the Happy Meal has been making kids visits that much more special. Children
are mostly interested to collect Happy Meals toys and boxes.
McDonald's website:
After 43 years of its opening McDonald's came on web page, which receives million of
hits every week.
U.S. Growth
By 1958, McDonald’s served its 100 millionth hamburger. In 1957, McDonald’s opened
its first drive-thru window to accommodate a more mobile society. The 200th restaurant
opened in 1960. McDonald’s celebrated its 10th anniversary in 1965 with its first offering
of stock to the public and a listing on the New York Stock Exchange.
Customer demand for convenience in the 1960’s led to the opening of the first
McDonald’s restaurants in non-traditional locations, such as airports, colleges, hospitals
and stadiums. The company expanded its menu from its original seven items to include
breakfast, salads, chicken and desserts. McDonald’s will continue to develop new
products and enhance existing ones as customer tastes and technology change.
Expansion
The first McDonald’s restaurant outside the United States opened in Canada in 1967. The
company’s international division was formed in 1969, and today McDonald’s has
expanded to 121 countries on six continents. McDonald’s largest market outside the U.S.
is Japan, where the first Golden Arches appeared in 1971. Today, there are more than
2,500 restaurants in Japan. Recent international expansion has included rapid growth for
McDonald’s in the Middle East and Central Europe. In 1997, international restaurants
contributed 60% of the company’s total revenue.
McDonald's Franchising
McDonald's has always been a franchising Company and has relied on its franchisees to
play a major role in its success. McDonald's remains committed to franchising as a
predominant way of doing business. Approximately 70% of McDonald's worldwide
restaurant businesses are owned and operated by independent businessmen and women,
our franchisees.
A Partnering Relationship
McDonald’s franchising system is built on the premise that the Corporation can be
successful only if our franchisees are successful first. We believe in a partnering
relationship with our owner/ operators, suppliers and employees. Success for McDonald's
Corporation flows from the success of its business partners.
Sindh
Balochistan
Punjab
N.W.F.P.
For second venture (for the territory of Punjab and NWFP), McDonald's has made
franchise- contract with "Ghouse Akbar", who is now the president of McDonald's
-Lahore.
Uptil now there are six stores of McDonald's, operating in Lahore. Currently
McDonald's-Lahore is planning to expand its business to other cities by following
preferences:
Sialkot
Faisalabad
Gujrawala
Peshawer
Multan.
McDonald's Lahore is a joint venture between McDonald's Corporation U.S.A and GAM
Corp (Pvt.) Ltd. McDonald's made its debut in Pakistan on 19th September 1998 when its
Grand Country Opening was held in the provincial metropolis of Lahore. This made
Pakistan the 113th country on the globe where the world renowned Golden Arches were
unfolded. After Lahore, McDonald's made Golden Arches glitter in other cities of
Pakistan, Faisalabad is already open, soon to be followed by other cities.
McDonald’s has set the ball rolling in Pakistan with two modern, state-of-the-art
restaurants, one in Lahore and Karachi each. The McDonald's Lahore Restaurant is
located on Gulberg’s Main Boulevard while the one in Karachi is situated on the Main
North Nazimabad Road. The Lahore McDonald's has scored another first in Pakistan with
its Drive-Thru – a modern customer service concept in quick service restaurants that has
been introduced for the first time in Pakistan. The customer simply drives into
McDonald's, places the order and pays at one window and collects the food within a
minute at the next – all without leaving the car.
ANALYSING COMPETITORS
Kentucky Fried Chicken, better known as KFC, is the largest chicken restaurant chain
worldwide with almost 10,000 outlets located in well over 70 countries. Headed by CEO,
David Rodgers, it is part of the Artal Group, which is a large multibillion-dollar food
conglomerate.
Said to be the second most famous and largest fast food franchise in the world is No. 1
brand in Asia with market leadership in Japan, China, Malaysia, Indonesia and Korea.
Historical Background Of KFC
In1952 Pete Harman in Salt Lake City becomes the first Kentucky Fried Chicken
franchisee.
In 1998, KFC entered the market under the banner of Artal, a European food
conglomerate that has invested heavily in the food sector in Pakistan. This unique step
was taken out of special concern for middle and lower-middle class income groups who
had so far being neglected by brand name franchises in their areas.
Future Plans
Artal’s plan including opening a total of 20 outlets by the end of next year, which is
expected to increase to 30 by the year 1999, 45 outlets by the year 2000 and 65 outlets by
the year 2001 and another 40 outlets by 2003. The first of these outlets was opened in
Karachi during its first month attracted an average of 5,000 consumers per day, while the
second outlet was opened in the largest amusement park of the city in the month of April.
The third one was opened in Lahore in the middle of the year.
2. PIZZA HUT
It was started by two American brothers who were stationed in Italy and while there they
got to love Italian cooking particularly pizza. So they setup a small place, but after having
put the billboard and having painted the word ‘Pizza’ on it, they ran out of space and all
they could add was the Hut. So, we had Pizza Hut and the name just got on and it is now
known in 83 countries throughout the world as franchisee.
1958 The first Pizza Hut® restaurant opens in Wichita, Kansas, started by two college-
aged brothers who borrowed $600 from their mother. 1965 "Putt-Putt to Pizza
Hut" musical jingle developed for Pizza Hut's first television commercial.
PRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=movie reel"1967 a restaurant
was built in five days by franchisees at the Oklahoma State Fair. 1968 International
market entered with opening of Pizza Hut restaurant in Canada. Pizza Hut serves a
million people a week at its 310 locations. 1971 Pizza Hut became the number one pizza
restaurant chain in the world in both sales and number of restaurants. 1976 The 100th
international Pizza Hut restaurant is opened in Australia. Pizza Hut opens its 3,000th unit
in Arlington, Texas. 1979 Units open in Kuwait and Abu Dhabi.
The Deliver Me Home™ program is created by Pizza Hut and the National Center for
Missing and Exploited Children and is tested at the Dallas/Fort Worth International
Airport. 1996 Pizza Hut delivers 30% of the 12 million pizzas delivered on Super Bowl
Sunday. On May 30, Pizza Hut introduces two varieties of chicken-topped pizza... Italian
Chicken and Chicken Supreme.
Future Plans
Pizza Hut plans to have 40 restaurants in Pakistan by year 2003, a significant jump from
its 10 restaurants which are currently operating. They will also be opening up restaurants
in Hyderabad, Multan, Faisalabad and Islamabad.
Mcdonald’s Organization
Structure
In Pakistan, there are two setups. First is for Punjab and NWFP, and this is headed by Mr.
Ghous Akbar (CEO), while the second region is Sindh and Baluchistan and CEO for this
region is Mr. Amin Muhammad Lakhani.
There is General Manager at Headquarters level and under the General Manager, above
mentioned departments work. This is setup at Headquarter level. In Pakistan, some
departments are missing, i.e., R&D; research and development is done at corporate level
only. In McDonald's this function is performed by Hamburger University in Illinois
(USA), which delivers the degree of Bachelor of Hamburgerology. This university is also
an excellent site of high quality research.
Restaurant Structure
The hierarchical structure for the restaurant for Main Boulevard Branch, Lahore is:
The above three levels in the structure, i.e., up to Second Assistant level, are from
management side, while lower three levels in the hierarchy are filled from the crew.
All the inputs are imported from different countries like Saudi Arabia, South Africa,
UAE and Malaysia; only the buns used in burgers are procured locally from Dawn Bread.
Based on the demand forecast by the Restaurant Manager, the First Assistant orders the
Venus Distributors on daily basis. Venus Distributors is independent to acquire the raw
material from wherever it desires but it remains limited only by the strict specifications of
materials by McDonald's. Venus Distributors stores all the raw materials, in its own cold
stores and delivers only one-day material to the restaurant.
Main Boulevard Branch has its own cold storage facility, which is used to store the daily-
procured raw material, so that the raw materials remain fresh and nutritious Uptill they
are delivered in the form of finished goods (burgers, french fries, ice cream, etc.) to the
customers.
Cooking
The cooking procedure and recipe is documented so that the products become
standardized and customers get the similar taste, quantity and quality to whichever
restaurant they go. It is the policy of McDonald's to throw away any burger if they remain
on heated grill for 15 minutes.
Restaurant Maintenance
All the utensils and equipment used in cooking are washed at the closing of restaurant
every night, with anti-microbial fluid. Kitchen, floor, washrooms and all other restaurant
areas are cleaned after every half an hour.
Self Service
When customers enter the restaurant, they go to the counter, give their order, which they
are served within a single minute. Now customers take away the tray in which the order
is served, and take their seats themselves, in the big hall with a sitting capacity of 200
persons.
Drive-Thru
The McDonald's Main Boulevard, Lahore is one of the few McDonald's restaurants,
which are having the facility of Drive-Thru, i.e., you will go to the counter, here you will
order, pay for that, and get the token while sitting in your car. Now driving your car, you
will go to next counter, give token and pick up the food you have ordered.
Play Place
With its state-of-the-art design, the Play Place offers kids a real thrilling time. This
should come as good news for parents who can enjoy their delicious McDonald's meal
while the kids have fun! In terms of an eating-out experience, McDonald's means
different things to different people. For some, it’s a family outing, for others it may be a
place to grab a bite in very little time. For children, it’s a great place to visit for meals and
to play.
While talking about children, RAZA ALI said, “The idea is to provide with a Play Place
– a secure state-of-the-art design offering kids thrill and fun without any extra charges.
The young girls who are trained in Singapore look after the children who come to play
there. We give our children gifts besides the happy meals, which at present include
mighty dinos – classy high quality stuff.”
Target Market
“Do not buy market share Figure out how to earn it”
Broad speaking McDonald’s wants to attract as many customers as it can. But the main
targets of the efforts by McDonald’s are following groups:
Children
Youngsters
Families
Broadly speaking, McDonald’s want’s to attract the whole market. McDonald’s was
targeting the high –income social class uptil now but now McDonald’s is introducing
some new product’s to penetrate into low income groups e.g. McDonald’s cone for Rs.
15/- is an effort to attract middle income class and lower –income class as well.
McDonald's Vision
McDonald's vision is to be the world's best quick service restaurant experience. Being the
best means providing outstanding quality, service, cleanliness and value, so that they
make every customer in every restaurant smile. To achieve their vision, they are focused
on three worldwide strategies:
Be the best employer for their people in each community around the world.
Achieve enduring profitable growth by expanding the brand and leveraging the strengths
of the McDonald's system through innovation and technology.
McDonald's Mission
McDonald's will be a unique multinational organization, that has grown from a small
shop in a U.S.A town to twenty Nine thousand stores in 121 countries, but still do not
have any stated mission.
Objectives
Quality
Quality standards regarding each and every aspect of food and service is documented, to
provide consistency and to achieve the high level of quality at all the McDonald's
restaurants.
It is due to documentation that a consumer will get the same taste from a McDonald's
whether he is in New York or Moscow or in Lahore.
The raw materials acquired are required to pass a stringent specification test about factors
from the freshness to vitamins contained in them. Then there is documented recipe and
cooking requirement regarding utensils to temperature.
Service
At McDonald's everyone serves quickly with a smile. There is less than a minute the
time the customer orders and the food served to him. If somebody has any problem, it
must be sorted before coming to the counter.
It is the McDonald's culture that the customer is doing them a favor by being there and
not the staff so he should be received and returned this feeling the same way.
Cleanliness
Value
McDonald's has an open-door culture; any employee can go to the Restaurant Manager
and can discuss any problem or new ideas for the improvement of the restaurant. Nobody
has any hang-ups; everybody does everything.
McDonald's also believes in value to the customer, that is, why prices are value oriented
as Amin Mohammad Lakhani put it in his word; “… nothing sells forever unless it is
value for money.”
Problem Statement
McDonald is currently importing all its input from abroad like south Africa, UAE, Saudi
Arabia, Malaysia that makes their production cost so high and also take some time due to
which their operation can be affected directly.
First simple & complex, and second stable & dynamic. The environment for
McDonald's is not stable as all the major competitors (KFC, Pizza Hut, Subway, etc.) are
planning to open new restaurants in near future, i.e., there is a lot of change in
environment. Also there are lots of variables involved, e.g.,
All this makes the environment complex. So we have to see all the factors prevailing in
the market and these forces are crucial for the effective performance of the McDonalds.
Following are the major environment forces important in this context:
1- Economic Environment
Many fast food chains and franchisees have come to market attracted by large size and
buying power of market, so it shows a lot of scope in the existing market. Also, all raw
materials except buns are imported. This will become expensive with successive
devaluation and decreasing value of rupee so we can say that the exchange rate directly
affects the industry. The interest rate for short-term loans is high, this makes it difficult
for any organization to use short-term financing in its operations.
2- Socio-Cultural Environment
The demand for foreign food items is increasing at faster rate in Pakistan because now
people are more conscious about their health especially upper middle and middle class,
they avoid local foods full of fats. McDonald food is offered by USA and people have the
perception about their brands as pure and hygienic. But on the other hand most of the
people hate America because of religious grounds and other factors like the beef used in
McDonald foods. So McDonald has to offer those things that are according to the Islamic
culture. So at all the times they have to offer such type of products because it is an
Islamic nation.
In Pakistan political instability is very common and it is too much because sometimes the
Govt. changes over a night, new rules and regulations, the new Govt introduces policies
and procdures. It makes difficult for the foreign as well as local investors to run their
operations effectively. Sometimes it leads to poor investment in this industry and existing
investors try to withdraw all their investment. In this way the economic growth of the
country declines, because the economic activity is reduced. Another cause of the poor
law and political situation also is the result of terrorism in Karachi. So this sector requires
a lot of Govt. support to run its operations as wanted by the investors.
4- Competitors
As the McDonald has captured very large market in terms of fast food items it is due to
its large number of franchisees and better quality products and services to its potential
customers. At the same moment the competitors are also increasing their operations in
either way locally or joint venture with the foreign and local investors. Local investors
are also putting pressure on McDonald and they are also increasing their branches by
offering low cost products to the customers and that’s why they are attracting the large
number of customers and it will lead to high competition in the market and every one will
be competing on the low cost of offering. In this dynamic and uncertain environment
McDonald is sustaining its operations smoothly and effectively.
5- Technological factors:
Structural Analysis
Structural analysis helps to analyze the competitive process as well as the sources of
competitive pressure. In the structural analysis, certain questions like what is the strength
of these competitive pressures:
Generally there are five forces/factors, which affect the competitive position in an
industry and these forces are as follows:
Competitive Rivalry
Competition between and among the inter organizations may be high or low, it is based
on the nature of industry. In fast food industry the competition is concerned with the
degree of rivalry among the various firms operating in this field like KFC, Pizza hut, and
McDonald. In this industry the competition is not like head-to-head as it is prevailing in
other industries because in this industry the market size and market share is not equal for
all the fast food firms so this leads to less competition bust in certain circumstances the
competition is very high like in Karachi market, there are more numbers of branches of
KFC and PIZZA HUT than McDonald in Karachi so competition is really tough there.
A growing size of fast food market will help to keep competition stable as each
competitor will experience growth and will get its share in the market. Yet another
concern is the increasing capacity of industry, with the opening of new branches in both
major cities, will intensify rivalry and increase the competition. Furthermore, KFC,
McDonald, and Pizza hut all are increasing their branches in other cities also like
McDonald in Faisalabad. All three organizations are trying to increase their number of
branches in other cities of our country.
Buyer’s Power
Buyers don’t have power in this industry as compared to the other industries because in
this industry the customers purchase normally in small quantity and they are also
dispersed so they can not make a pool of them and can not get maximum value from the
McDonald. On the other hand there are very minimum chances for the buyers to switch to
any other brand because McDonald has created its image in consumer minds through
differentiation and uniqueness in all of its products. Hence, the buyers don’t have
bargaining power.
Supplier’s Power
Supplier power is high in this industry because there is lesser number of suppliers and
customers can not switch to other brands because each brand has created its own image in
consumer minds, that’s why consumer can not switch to other brands. On the other hand,
McDonald has established long term relations with its suppliers because it purchases in
large volume, in this way the supplier power is reduced and McDonald purchsses its
supplies on the low price basis and it avails the benefits of economies of scale. And the
brand offered by the supplier is not differentiated so it makes easy for McDonald to
switch to another supplier and decreases the supplier’s power. The only factor that gives
some power to supplier is the switching costs for McDonald's if it goes to any new
supplier it will have to abolish old arrangements and develop new ones.
Threat of Substitutes
Substitutes are the products, which can perform the same function as the original product
can perform. People go to McDonald's for eating, and entertainment. This makes the list
of substitute products quite long, mainly consisting of local and continental food, e.g.,
Karahi, Tikka, Kabab, Burger, etc.
Threat of new entrants will be high in fast food industries because the entry barriers are
very low in terms of low capital requirement and easy access to the raw materials. No
organization has any kind of exclusive control over resources. Another factor that
increases the threat of new entries is the high profit margins in the industry. Any how
some entry barriers exist in terms of product differentiation and economies of scale and
McDonald luckily holds these barriers over the others.
Internal Resource Audit
Human Resources
Human resource is most important resource of any business unit wherever in the world.
The strength of any organization is not the machine, equipment or its cash flows; rather
these are employees that make an organization great and competitive. More than one and
a half million people work for McDonald's worldwide. By the year 2003, McDonald's
will employ two and a half million people.
Presently all the staff of Lahore branch is local and currently 500 people are employed
and by the end of this years, Ghous Akbar is planning to employ 1000 people and by the
next year, to employ 2,500 people.
When McDonald's opens restaurants in a new country, the jobs it creates stimulate the
national economy and broaden the local tax base. Besides the new jobs directly linked
with McDonald's restaurants, the company indirectly supports other segments of a
country’s workforce by hiring local construction firms and purchasing from local
suppliers, local farmers and local distributors.
Hiring Personnel
In the workforce, qualities, which are sought, are anatomy, motivation and ability
to work late hours. While for manager the characteristics required are leadership,
energy and attraction.
Training
All McDonald's 29,000 outlets serve as training centers where day-to-day coaching and
shoulder-to-shoulder interaction between managers and crew are emphasized. Training
begins with one-on-one instruction before a crewperson cooks the first French fries and
for new entrants to the workforce, the company offers an important foundation:
Motivation
All the staff and employees at McDonald's are given a handsome salary package and
attractive incentives in accordance with the level at which the person is working. That’s
why employees at McDonald’s Lahore are more satisfied and motivated.
Promotion
The McDonald's management looks not only at financial performance on monthly basis
but also at service performance. Employees are given different sales targets, and their
performance is evaluated on the basis that whether or not they achieve these targets.
Financial Resources
In October of 1985, McDonald's became one of thirty blue-chip companies included in
the Dow Jones Industrial Average. McDonald's was added to the Tokyo Stock Exchange
in 1986 and set a new record volume – 615,750 shares – for opening day trading of a
non-Japanese company. McDonald's stock is also listed on the Frankfurt, Chicago,
Munich, Paris and Swiss stock exchanges.
Physical Resources
The physical resources of the company include the main Head Office building at Lahore
and Karachi and three restaurants located at Main Boulevard, Gulberg, LDA Plaza and
North Nazimabad, with an average sitting capacity of 250 persons. These restaurants are
equipped with the latest cooking and storing equipment. Two restaurants have the facility
of Play Place for children and one has Drive-Thru facility.
Intangible Resources
McDonald's is world’s third most recognized brand. It is a big asset of the organization. It
not only pulls customers but also brings goodwill from suppliers, government officials,
general public and creditors.
SWOT Analysis
On the basis of environmental analysis of McDonald's, the structural analysis of fast food
industry, and the assessment of internal resources of the company, following strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats are there for McDonald's:
Strengths
McDonald’s in Pakistan is inherited by a lot of strengths which includes:
Flexible workforce, which can work on more than one jobs at a time.
Secured jobs.
Good working conditions.
Weaknesses
Along with a lot of strengths there are some weaknesses also by which McDonald’s
suffers:
With the passage of time the expenses of McDonald’s are increasing. The reason is the
big part of fixed costs e.g. fixed overheads & fixed salaries of all the employees,
which increases directly with the decrease in “production.”
McDonald’s main target market is a child. But McDonald’s should also consider the fact
that birth rate in Pakistan has been decreased from about 2.3% to 2. % p. a. In other
words the population of children is decreasing gradually so McDonald’s should also
attract the people who belong to aged class.
Dominant class in Pakistan is middle- income class for which it is difficult to afford the
menu – items of McDonald’s or at least middle-class cannot enjoy McDonald’s
product more frequently.
McDonald's has product portfolio (menu) of greater width and depth; this broad
array of products allows attacks from niche players.
Some of the products of the company are not competitively priced.
All the raw materials are imported from different countries; this increases their cost
of production.
Opportunities
The marvelous growth in # of stores outlets all over the world in the result of great
opportunities granted to McDonalds.
McDonald’s can get a big market share by expanding its business to the other cities
included in its territory e.g Peshawar, Mardan. Gujranwala, Multan,
Sargodha, Sialkot etc. Because a big portion of there target market resides
within these areas.
by Increasing consciousness about low fatty foods which are being provided
McDonald's (using vegetable oil).
Increasing disposable income in upper and upper-middle social classes of urban
areas, which are target market of McDonald's.
By strengthening the marketing efforts, company can have more sales as compared
to existing sales.
Threats
McDonald’s people say that there is no threat for them and it can also be a big threat
for them.
Threat of new entrants is also working there because industry is growing at a rapid
speed and a lot of attraction is there for new- comers. Entry barriers are also low in
Pakistan so this threat really works for McDonald’s.
Threat of substitutes is also working there for McDonalds. Substitutes for products of
McDonald’s KFC, Pizza Hut products. A big domestic market can also break at least a
little market share of McDonald’s.
Double digit inflation prevailing in the country, which in turn increases the cost of
production.
Continuous devaluation of rupee that has increased the import bill of raw materials.
Imposition of heavy taxes on fast food industry including Sales Tax and
Entertainment Tax.
Complex rules and regulations imposed by government.
Existing Strategies
Menu
1) Big Mac
2) Filet-o-Fish
3) Quarter Pounder with Cheese
4) McChicken with Cheese
5) Beef Burger
6) Cheese Burger
7) Filet-o-Fish Meal
8) McChicken with Cheese Meal
9) Quarter Pounder with Cheese Meal
10) Big Mac Meal
11) Happy Meal
12) Fries
13) Cold Drinks
14) Tea
15) Coffee
16) Hot Apple Pie
17) Milk Shakes
18) Cones
19) Sundaes
4- pillars for its success – QSCV – Quality, service, cleanliness and value.
No organization can deliver its products without quality even to a child who is a potential
customer or target client of that organization. It is consistency which which reigns
supreme everywhere in the world.
a) QUICK SERVICE
Everybody serves quickly with a smile. There is less than a minute between the time
customer orders and the food served to him. If somebody has any problem, it must be
sorted before coming to the counter. It is the McDonald's culture that customer is doing
them a favor by being there and not the staff so he should be received this feeling the
same way.
b) CLEANLINESS
McDonald do provide cleanliness in all its products and services offering. So they
maintain cleanliness at all times. The restaurant is thoroughly cleaned and sanitized after
the closure. That’s why more customers are becoming loyal to this organization as
compared to the other organizations competing in the same industry.
c) QUALITY
All required supplies and raw materials are imported from abroad and conformed
according the strict rules and regulations regarding the requirement and specifications of
McDonald's, e.g., for Pakistani market, all McDonald franchisees are importing Halal
meat from South Africa, Dubai and Malaysia.
d) VALUE
The customers receive the same value from McDonald’s wherever they go in this world.
A customer gets the same taste of burger and similar level of service, wherever he goes.
Thanks to documentation from recipe of burger to the heating temperature that
McDonald's is able to deliver the same taste throughout the world. This is not in the case
of local fast food restaurants because they loose a lot of customers due to change in food
taste.
McDonald’s Innovation
McDonald provides traditional menu of beef burgers, French fries, shakes and soft drinks
to new markets and in all new locations. People everywhere are enthusiastic about
McDonald's food whether the native dish is fish and rice, fish and chips, with the
traditional menu in some countries; McDonald's international restaurants satisfy local
tastes and customs by offering unique products, services and other items to the menu.
Customers in Norway can order McLaks – a fresh grilled salmon sandwich with dill
sauce on a whole-grain bun. McDonald's fans in the Netherlands can have vegetable
burger and in Italy and Greece customers can help themselves at a fresh salad bar.
Canadians have been able to order McPizza. McPizza is assembled by hand and cooked
in five minutes in specially designed McDonald's ovens. Two sizes of McPizza are on the
menu – a family size pizza and a six-inch personal-size pizza. To illustrate its market
power, when McDonald's Canada introduced pizza on its menu, they became the biggest
pizza retailer in the country overnight.
Singapore people order McDonald land ice cream for dessert. The ice cream, specifically
developed to suit the taste of the Singapore market, is made of vanilla with a blend of
chocolate and strawberry swirl. It is served in containers designed as McDonald land
characters.
Pricing Strategies
McDonald's worldwide has the same concept of giving food of high quality at low
prices. In England, the prices of their meals are the same for the last five years. It’s
simple Economics that when price is constant, the demand grows and when the
demand grows, their input price comes down and when input price comes down,
they can afford to maintain the price as the volume grows. Even the total cost may
grow, but the volume is so much that the prices remain stable. So selling on cheap
price has a valid justification.
McDonald's has a strict policy of selling at the same price to whoever purchases
and whatever quantity he buys, and they just don’t give any kind of discount.
Place Strategies
But why did he choose Main Boulevard, Gulberg, for opening? Ghous Akbar said,
“Lahore as a whole is a family city and Gulberg is a central area and Main
Boulevard is the single most artery of Lahore which is accessible to people of all
income levels. We also have customers who come from Faisalabad, Gujranwala,
Sialkot, etc. It is three thousand square yard. So the side corners are also included.
It’s diagonally opposite to Home Economics College and other academic
institutions also surround it. We had 30,000 customers a day in the beginning.”
On the other hand, Amin Lakhani, CEO McDonald's, Karachi too has strong
reasons and arguments about selecting the site of North Nazimabad. “It is a strong,
education and family oriented middle class area. Most of the families living here
have joint family system. I have not seen so many families hanging around as I did
in North Nazimabad at the launch of McDonald's. The area is inhibited by several
million peaceful people who want to take their children out, but there aren’t so
many places for the purpose. We are cleaning the area and the people out there are
very happy and the government functionaries are cooperative with us.”
McDonald's does not offer home delivery as they are very much conscious about
the freshness of their burgers. Presently, Drive-Thru facility is available only at the
Main Boulevard Gulberg Branch, Lahore, but both GAM and Siza groups have in
their plans to have this facility in their new branches, which are going to open in
future.
Promotion Strategies
But the real strength of promotion of McDonald's was seen on its opening day
when it used almost all the media to tell people that McDonald's was there with
them to stay. On its inauguration day, full page advertisements appeared in The
News, The Dawn, announcing its opening. On that day, McDonald's also ran a
grand program of twelve hours “McDonald's Fun Day” on FM-100.
On the same day, a live road show was also conducted at the restaurant, in which
the leading Pakistani singers and groups participated. This show was attended by a
large number of people. Also a well-decorated float carrying musical band,
hundred children and Ronald McDonald, the official spokesman to children, ran
all the day on the roads of the city. The leaflets about the opening of the restaurant
were distributed in the whole city.
Major medium used by McDonald's is billboards, which are made by MMT to
promote their brand. It will be a matter of pride for Lahories that they have the
biggest “M” sign in their city (it is one of only five big “M” in the world). This
“M” is imported from Singapore and is made up of Pylone.
McDonald's around the world put much emphasis on Television commercials, they
have produced very expensive TV commercial with such bright stars of show
business and sports as Naomi Campbell and Ben Johnson. But presently in
Pakistan, McDonald's is not using television medium, as they don’t have sufficient
information about television viewers, also the cost of television commercials is
prohibitive in using this medium.
Differentiation
McDonald’s has “Broad Target” and it wants to achieve competitive strategy adopted by
McDonald’s is “Differentiation” i.e. Mc Donald’s wants to a make its products unique
and highly differentiated.
CORPORATE LEVEL STRATEGIES
Global diversification
McDonald is operating more than 121 countries which means it is following global
diversification strategy.
Community Service
Even before we had sold a single Big Mac in Lahore, we had donated funds for the
construction of Chaman School, a project for under-privileged children. The contribution
we enjoy most is the experience of working together with others in the community to
achieve worthwhile benefits for those who need it most.
Market Development
As we know there is increasing trend in fast food industry and people are more conscious
about their health. Similarly McDonald international should open as many branches in
other cities of Pakistan like Multan, Gujranwala, Hyderabad, and other cities like these.
Because this step will not only reduce their business risk but also improvement in their
profitability. In the said cities there is a lot of potential for the fresh investment in the fast
food industry. So it should develop the market for its products, only in this way it can
maintain its competitive advantage over its competitors like KFC and Pizza Hut.
Diversification
Currently McDonald is importing Potatoes from abroad, this makes the product cost so
high, so it becomes very difficult for it to capture the middle-income people. By
diversification we suggest that McDonald should go for backward integration because
Pakistan is an agricultural country and it also exports potatoes to other countries of the
world. By growing potatoes in Pakistan McDonald’s can maintain the same quality at
lower cost of operations.
Similarly McDonald’s should go for its own cattle farm in Pakistan so it will reduce its
input cost and it will lead to lower market price of its products as compared to its
competitors. In this way the sales of McDonald can be increased by at least 50% of
current sales volume. By this type of diversification McDonald’s can also save its time
and other energies that can be better utilized in customer service. And can improve the
quality because if the inputs are fresh, they can have more quality products.
By doing this backward integration McDonald’s can avoid the problems like Govt. heavy
duties on inputs imported from other countries and similarly it can avoid the problems of
continuous devaluation and exchange rate etc.
Product Development
The natives of Pakistan are more concerned with the taste of the products rather than the
other things, so McDonald’s should consider the changes in the customer mind about its
products and services. So it is highly essential for the McDonald Pakistan to think about
it and serve as the changes are taking place in the customer minds. Because the near
future period will be a different from today, so it is crucial for McDonald’s, it should
introduce all the time new products that make it differentiated and it must sustain it so
that no other competitor can copy their products and there should be lesser chances of
product imitation. If product imitation is possible then it should keep on introducing new
products. For this it may altogether change the whole product and can bring a new
product or sometimes any major modification in the existing products. So we recommend
that McDonald should apply the Product Development at all times whenever the need
arises.
Market Development
In spite of making a cluster in a single city, McDonald's should open new restaurants in
other cities too. There is potential in other cities like Hyderabad, Rawalpindi and
Islamabad. It will be of importance to mention that KFC is planning to open its branches
in Hyderabad and Islamabad.
It will add to the image of being ‘Nationwide’ company as well it will create more
customers. This will eventually reduce the risk, which in other case lies in creating cluster
in a single city.
Strategic Alliances
McDonald’s international should go fro strategic alliances with other firms operating in
all other countries, in this way it should develop alliances with the petrol pumps owners.
It will enable the customers to get their cars filled with petrol along with the purchase of
lunch boxes and other lunching and dinner facilities to the community. We think that it
should develop alliances with the petrol pumps on our Motor Way. As McDonald’s
international is doing this in other countries. Likewise the other McDonald’s franchisees
in Pakistan must do this in order to create extra uniqueness, in this way it can create
competitive edge over its competitors.
Table of contents
TOC \o "1-3" \h \z
McDonald's Franchising 3
4- CompetitorsPAGEREF _Toc389013755 \h
TrainingPAGEREF _Toc389013764 \h
MotivationPAGEREF _Toc389013765 \h
PromotionPAGEREF _Toc389013766 \h
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