Type & Grades Of Cement

And

What A Consumer Should

Know About Cement
 Object :
• To describe various grades and
different types of cement.

• To understand a Typical Cement

Plant Layout.

• Provide information on the

properties to enable a consumer
to make a proper choice of
cement.
Introduction:

Cement was invented in 1824 in England by Mr. Joseph Aspidin.

Manufacturing first started in England in 1824 and in india in
1904.

Cement is freely available in the market under different brand
names.

Varieties of cement are nowadays available in the market. Our

country is the fifth largest producer of cement in the world.

Cost of cement is about 12- 15% of the total construction cost.

The term “Cement” to an average user means only “Portland

Cement”. Bulk of Portland cement produced in India today is of
normal type.

Properties - Excellent binding material, easily workable, good
plasticity, hardens ealry , imparts strength to masonry.
I. Cement Preparation

Calcareous
Silicaious Material Material(Lime) Argillaceous Material
(Containing Silica) Cao 59 to 64%
SiO2 19 to 24% (Containing Alumina)
Al2O3 3–6%

Burning in
Kiln At Fe2O3, SO3,
1450deg C Mgo, Alkalis (
Minor %)

Clinker

Clinker Cooled &

Ground To Required
Fineness

Cement
II. Chemical Composition Of Cement :
Cemen
t

Tricalcium Dicalcium Tricalcium Tetra Calcium

silicate C3S Silicate Aluminate Alumino Ferrite
30-50% C2S C3A C4AF
20 –45% 8-12% 6 –10%
III Addition Of Water- Chemical
Process
Process of change of
Hydrolysis a compound of
cement into others

Cement
+ Water
Process of
Hydration Setting &
combination of
Hardening
cement with water

Fine Increases Hydration Result In Early

Grinding & Hydrolysis Development Of Strength.
IV Varieties Of Cement

A. Ordinary Portland Cement

33 grade – General Construction like plastering, finishing works etc, where
high strength is not required.

43 grade – Useful for structural works, precast items etc, Strength

development is faster than 33 grade.

53 grade – Used for multistory buikdings, precast prestressed items,

bridges, tall structures. Develops very fast strength and speeds up
construction.
 Table – 1

Physical 33 Grade OPC 43 Grade OPC 53 Grade OPC

Property
Relevant IS IS:269 IS:8112 IS:12269
3 Days Strength 16 Mpa 23Mpa 27Mpa

7 Days Strength 22Mpa 33Mpa 37Mpa

28 Days 33Mpa 43Mpa 53Mpa

Strength
Fineness 225 Sq.m/Kg 225Sq.m /Kg 225Sq.m/Kg

Portland Pozzolana Cement :
Produced by grinding cement clinker with pozzolana with addition of
gypsum. Produces less heat of hydration. Useful for mass concreting.
Slow in gaining strength.

• Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement :

Has low heat of hydration and is relatively better resistant to soil and
water containing sulphates acidic environment.
D. Hydrophobic Cement : Clinker + Water repllent additive.
E. White Cement – Meant for architectural works not for structural use.
China clay used with limestone, made from raw materials containing
very little iron and manganese oxide.

F. Sulphate Resistant Cement – Possible with low C3A, High purity

Gypsum

G. Oil Well Cement: Used in oil wells, develops full strength in a short
time.

H. Other Cements : Masonry cement, High Alumina Cement, Super

Sulphate Cements, Expansive cements etc.
V. What A Consumer Should Know

Cement Bag should bear BIS Certification mark.

Grade of Cement – Means minimum compressive strength of cement sand

mortar cube at 28 days strength when tested as per IS standards.

Grade of concrete is an important criteria but not the sole criteria to

decide the quality of construction.

Durability of construction is the important factor.

Important factors contributing to the durability are:

Type of cement
Design Of concrete mix
Placing compaction and curing of concrete
Subsequent maintenance and repairs.
Test Certificate from the supplier
 Compressive Strength: Soundness – Indicates % expansion due to free lime
Capacity to bear loads, & magnesia. Excessive expansion reduces durability
higher strength is preferred. of structure. The cement with lower value is
preferred.

Insoluble residue in Chloride content & Alkali percentage

cement
Non reactive substances
in cement. IS specifies a
limit of 2 to 4%. Excess
indicates adulteration
The upper limit prescribed by IS for
chlorides is 0.05% and alkalies is 0.6%.
To control corrosion of steel a good
quality of cement should have lower
values.

Important Properties Of Cement that affect

Ideal Color Of
CEMENT – A the durability of structures :
good quality
cement is Loss on ignition – IS pecifies 4 to
greenish grey. 5% limit. Excess percentage
indicates adulteration.

Markings on the bag - Type, Grade, ISI
Mark, Licence No. , Week of packing. A
cement more than 90 days old from the
date of packing is required to be retested
before use as per IS code requirement.
Check For Adulteration – Cement gives a cool
feeling when hand is inserted in the bag. OPC
when dropped in a bucket of water it settles
down and no floating material is left on the
surface.
Conclusion:

Different types of cement for different applications – Desirable to

construct foundations, sewage and water works in Sulphate resistant
cements, RCC in 43 or 53 OPC, Plastering and masonry work in PPC. It
will optimize the cost and improve the quality of construction.

Thank you