1.Howdoascribedandachievestatusesservetoidentifywhoapersonisinaculture?

Whatare
referencegroups?Howarereferencegroupsexperiencedinsociety?

Weareascribedatbirth,throughtheage,gender,andethnicityareallconsideredascribed.
Ascribeisgiventothepersonandlabeleditsjustwhotheyare.Itdoesntincludethepersons
talent,skillsandachievements.Thereisntmuchyoucandotochangetheascribedstatus.
Achievedstatusiswhatyouhaveachievedorearneditsomehow.Foranexampleateammate,
astudent,orafather.Achievingstatuscanbebothpositiveornegative,itcanbenegativeby
beingarrestedandgoingtoprison.ThenyoureknownasaprisonerItcangodifferentways.
Referencegroupsaregroupsthatinfluencehowonethinkandbehaves.Thegroupthattheyjoin
willchangethepersonandstartactingliketheyarepartofthembydoingthesamethingthey
woulddo.Referencegroupsareexperiencedinsocietybydifferentways,suchasanormative
functionbysettingrulesofbelief.Canalsoplayasacomparisonfunctionbypeoplemeasuring
andcomparingthemselveswiththeothers.(ChrisLogue)

2.Whatisasocialrole(giveexamples)?Howdoesoneviolatehisorherrole?Whatis
meantbyroleexit?Andhowdoesroleexitrelatetothesocializationprocess?
Distinguishbetweenprimaryandsecondarygroups(giveexamples).

Socialroleiswhenbehaviorsareexpectedbypeoplewhohaveacertainstatus.Forexample
wewouldexpectareceptionisttoanswerphonecallsandtakemessagesforthepeoplehe/she
isworkingfor.Youwouldalsoexpectafirefightertohelpstopahousethathasjustbeencaught
onfire.Apersoncanviolatehis/herrolebytheirstatusbeingchangedandhavegottenconflict
withthechangeasmovingupintheirjobanddecidingtotaketheirroleseriouslyandmake
changesforthebetterortokeeppeopletheyareclosetothatcouldbebringingtheircompany
down.Roleexitiswhensomeonewhohasarolethatisessentialtotheiridentityandare
changingandtryingtogetridofthatroleinordertostartanewrolethatisessentialtotheir
identity.Roleexitrelatestothesocializationprocessbecauseitidentifiespeopleapersonwho
isexpectingwillsoonbeamomoradrugaddictwhoistryinggettoovercomehisaddictioncan
wanttochangehis/heridentityandbeateacherorsupporter.Primaryrolesaregenerallysmall
groupsthathavefacetofacetoassociation.Secondarygroupisusuallyanimpersonalgroup
thathaslittlesocialinteraction.Examplesofaprimarygroupisfamily,bestfriends,aswellas
teammates,andcoworkers,whohavebuiltastrongconnectionbetweeneachother.Examples
ofasecondarygroupisgroupworkforprojectsinschool,orbusinessassociatesworking
togetherforanidea.Although,secondarygroupscanturnintoprimarygroups.Forexamplea
groupprojectcanleadthosestudentstocommunicateafterleadingtoastrongerbond,
becomingclosefamilyfriends.

KyraOCon

3.Whatismeantbyingroupandoutgroup?Howisingroupconnectedtoprimary
group?Howisoutgroupconnectedtosecondarygroup?


Aningroupisagroupinwhichapersonfeelsliketheyareamemberandtheybelong.In
contrast,anoutgroupisagroupinwhichapersondoesnotidentifythemselveswith.Anin
groupisconnectedtoaprimarygroupbecauseinaprimarygroupthemembersshare
personalrelationshipssimilarlytoaningroup.Anoutgroupisconnectedtoasecondary
groupbecauseinbothgroupsthememberdoesnotfeelsociallyconnectedtotheother
members.(ElizabethMoreno)

4.
Whatarethefivefunctionalprerequisitesthatasocietymustsatisfyifitisto

survive?Describethedifferencesbetweenorganicandmechanicalsolidarity.

Oneofthefunctionalprerequisitestosurviveisfamilies.Weneedfamiliesforbiological
andsocialreproduction.Theyareabletoteachthemtheirfamiliesculturesandtheycan
alsoprovidethemprotection.Thesecondfunctionalprerequisitesiseducation.Education
teachespeopletheirlanguage,math,scienceandhistorybutitisalsoawaytoteachthem
howtointeractwithotherstudentsaswellastohelpthemlearnvisuallywhatotherstudents
aredoing.Thethirdfunctionalprerequisitesisreligion.Religionisawaytoidentifyhow
theirsocietyistogether.Theyareabletosharetheirbeliefsandprovidediscipline.The
fourthfunctionalprerequisitesisgovernment.Thegovernmentalsoprovidesdisciplineby
havinglawsandpunishmentsforbreakingthelaws.Thefifthfunctionalprerequisitesis
economy.Theeconomyisabletohelpregulatetheamountofconsumptionsandlimita
person'sneedsandwants.
PeoplewhohavedolittlechangeovertimeiswhatEmileDurkheimcalledmechanical
solidarity.Theyareasocietythatsharetheirexperiences,knowledgeandskillswithintheir
group.Theydolittlechangesthroughouttheyearswhichmeansthattheirparent,
grandparents,andgreatgrandparentshavedonethesamethingthepersonisdoing.An
exampleisafarmer,mostfarmersdothesamethingeverydaywhichishaveanimals,sell
theirproductsandgrowmorefood.Theirroutineusuallydoesntmakemuchofachange.
Afterthosefarmercantdotheirjobtheyhavetheirchildrendoitandthentheir
grandchildrenaredoingthesamething.Thisismechanicalsolidaritybecausemostofthe
childrengrowupwithonlythatoption,whichistobeafarmer.
Mostpeopleneedhelpfromothersevenifpeoplerealizeitalittle,whichiswhatDurkheim
calledorganicsolidarity.Organicsolidarityisasocietywherepeoplerealizethattheyneed
oneanothertobeabletosucceedandthencollaborate.Anexampleoforganicsolidarity
canbeacar.Acarcanhavetheengine,theseatsandthepassengersbutwithoutthe
wheelsitisntabletoworkproperly.Ifacarhasitswheelsthenthecarcantransportthe
passengersanywheretheywouldlikebutthecarmusthavethewheelstobeableto
succeed.(StacieBurgos)