LOW COST HOUSING

Submitted by:
E.Rajesh
CIVIL ENGINEERING
124N1A0199
VISVODAYA ENGINERING
COLLEGE

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Key Features

Inexpensive to build
Save money while also maintaining building
quality
Not sacrificing the strength, performance
and life of the structure
Takes less time in building in comparison to
the conventional ones
Use of resources while not harming the
environment
Final result should be affordable for most
people

Why do we need low cost

houses?

Growing population day by day

Affordable housing for BPL people
We need a solution that is fast
Easy to build
Fulfills the needs of conventional houses
Our country aims that in our near future
each and every individual has his/her shelter
for his family and to fulfill this need we
definitely need some immediate plans

Different building techniques are:

Recycling
Extensive planning
Modular planning
Infilling

Recycling

Recycled materials adapted for lowcost housing include wood and rubber
that are previously been used.

Reprocessed into materials that are

used in building walls and other parts
of a house.

Recycled glass and metal are also

used on occasion.

These recycled materials are often

less expensive than using fully natural
products.

Extensive planning

In extensive planning, the more planning

goes into a house, the less the actual
construction will cost.
Contractors should plan out exact
dimensions and should gather facts.

Contractors should look for the best materials

at the cheapest prices so they can order
exactly what they need.

This saves money that would otherwise be

wasted on unnecessary supplies and cleanup
caused by littered materials.

Most houses are built as quickly as possible

without this detailed planning beforehand.

Modular planning

Modular building is a type of

construction where pieces of the home
or typically whole rooms or major parts
of rooms ,are built off-site in large
factories.

This process allows the pieces to be

built efficiently and exactly according to
building standards.

At the site, the pieces are connected

to the house.

Since materials aren't assembled on-

Infilling

Infilling is the practice of going

back through residential areas
and building in areas that had
previously been left empty.

Now its possible to build on

because of resolved
environmental concerns, space
issues or other problems that
have since been remedied.

Infilling makes better use of

existing space.

It is less expensive for

Techniques to reduce cost from area

Reduce plinth area by using thinner wall concept.
Use locally available material in an innovative form like
soil cement blocks in place of burnt brick.
Use energy efficiency materials which consumes less
energy like concrete block in place of burnt brick.
Use environmentally friendly materials which are
substitute for conventional building components like use
R.C.C. Door and window frames in place of wooden frames.
Preplan every component of a house and rationalize the
design procedure for reducing the size of the
component in the building.
By planning each and every component of a house the
wastage of materials due to demolition of the
unplanned component of the house can be avoided.

Construction technique
adopted

Foundation

Wall

Lintel

Roof

Foundation

The foundation cost comes to about 10 to 15% of the total

building
Suggested to adopt arch foundation in ordinary soil for
effecting reduction in construction cost up to 40%.
In the case black cotton and other soft soils it is
recommend to use under ream pile foundation which
saves about 20 to 25% in cost over the conventional
method of construction.

wall

Making use of Rat trap bond wall &

Concrete block wall.
It is a cavity wall construction and leads
to reduction in the quantity of bricks
required for masonry work.
By adopting this method of bonding of
brick masonry compared to traditional
English or Flemish bond masonry, it is
possible to reduce in the material cost of
bricks by 25% and about 10to 15% in the
masonry cost.
By adopting rat-trap bond method one
can create aesthetically pleasing wall
surface and plastering can be avoided.

Concrete block walling

In view of high energy consumption by burnt

brick it is suggested to use concrete block
which consumes about only 1/3 of the
energy of the burnt bricks in its
production.

By using concrete block masonry the wall

thickness can be reduced from 20 cms to 15
Cms.

Concrete block masonry saves mortar

consumption, speedy construction of wall
resulting in higher output of labour, plastering
can be avoided thereby an overall saving
of 10 to 25% can be achieved.

Lintel

The traditional R.C.C. lintels which

are costly can be replaced by
brick arches for small spans and
save construction cost up to 30 to
40% over the traditional method
of construction.

By adopting arches of different

shapes a good architectural
pleasing appearance can be given
to the external wall surfaces of
the brick masonry.

Roof

Normally 5" thick R.C.C. slabs is used for roofing of residential

buildings.
By adopting rationally designed construction practices like
filler slab and precast elements the construction cost of
roofing can be reduced by about 20 to 25%.
Filler slabs
They are normal RCC slabs where bottom half (tension)
concrete portions are replaced by filler materials such as
bricks, tiles, cellular concrete blocks, etc
These filler materials are so placed as not to compromise
structural strength, result in replacing unwanted and
nonfunctional tension concrete, thus resulting in economy.
These are safe, sound and provide aesthetically pleasing
pattern ceilings and also need no plaster.

Laurie Baker(1917-2007)

Laurie baker Was an awardwinning British-born Indian

architect.
Renowned for his
initiatives in cost-effective
energy-efficient
architecture.
Made many concepts
related to low cost housing.

Techniques used by Laurie

Baker

The Hamlet Laurie bakers

home

This is Bakers home in Trivandrum built on a plot of land

along the slope of a rocky hill, with limited access to water.

Bakers genius has created a wonderful home for his family.

Material used from unconventional sources.

Electricity wiring is not concealed.

According to Baker, fans and lamps can be avoided as in India

there is sunlight all round the year, which also means that if
water is stored in the southern part of thehouse, hot water
can be made available.

Made Use of BRICK

JALLIS.
Effective way to
minimize your
electricity bills

Built In Furniture
For The Hamlet

 Recycled Wood from

traditional demolished
building.

 All materials are used in their natural

form, exposed brick work, mortar,
concrete shows the truthfulness
ofmaterials.
Bakers loves to material in their natural
form.

Quality of spaces

How its made ?

These panels, originally developed by RBS Australia, were
intended as wall panels ('Rapidwall') suitable for rapid
erection of walls in buildings to carry gravity loads.
The panels are made of calcined gypsum plaster,
combined with special additives and glass fibres, to
produce GFRG panels - 12m long, 3m high and 124mm
thick (with hollow cavities).
The IITM research group extended the application of this
product for the entire building system - including floors,
roofs, and staircases, thus significantly reducing the
consumption of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC).
The team also collaborated in the indigenous
development of an excellent water-proofing material,

 The panels are prefabricated and cut to desired

sizes based on room dimensions with openings
for doors and windows, thus making rapid
construction possible.
Filling the cavities with concrete increases the
vertical load-carrying capacity almost tenfold,
and inserting vertical steel bars in these cavities,
contributes to their earthquake resistance.

Advantages over conventional buildings:

High speed of construction
Less built-up area for the same carpet area.
Less embodied energy and carbon footprint:
significant reduction in use of cement, sand,
steel and water; recycling of industrial waste
gypsum.
Lower cost of structure: savings in materials;
no plastering.
Lower building weight (panels weigh only 43
kg/m2), contributing to savings in foundation
and reduction in design for earthquake forces,
particularly in multi-storeyed construction.
Buildings up to 8-10 storeys can be designed
using this load-bearing system, without the

Starting from
the foundation

Provide
support for
vertical
walls

Construction
of second
storey

Settling the
roof

Fine finish and

furnishing

Smooth
walls

Dream House

Conclusion

There is a strict need at present in India for

building cheap and affordable houses
It is the key to nations development ,to provide
proper shelter to its citizens
The growing population in urban areas have
led to a strict shortage in land, congested
traffic and housing shortfall
This has also led to the hike in prices which
makes it impossible for common people to
have their own houses
Thus there is a immediate need for
construction of cheap houses in large scale

Thank You.