You are on page 1of 30
1 The Diversity of Cultures Ruth Benedict Acie ofthe Digger Indians he Caifosan al hem led ome ‘thou the waysot hs peopl inthe od days. He wa Chistian a ener sone iis pone in the plaming of paces and pics on sed ad, bu when he talked ofthe shane wh bl eenfomed themes int ear efor hs eps ia the bear dnc, his bands wembled and his vue broke wih xs wae on Incomparable thing he power hs people ad hadnt ld aye He Mked bs ‘ofthe deere ody a eaten. Bou ech eprooed pla loving and sith an fling eae of ex nprtane. nts days hs pope al xe the Tah ofthe deere sid at knew nahing ofthe ine of tin cs and he things forsale butcher shop Te wr suc evans tht hd degraded hem a ths er day “One dy, withot tsi, Ramon bok n pon hi decrpions of rndng ssa and preparing sar 0p the Dein he i "Go pve very Penis cup, cp of yan rm hiccup they sk het ie? 1 or Know Aetr the Bure occured n some traditional Fi of his people tat | neree ound o wich ic was is ow nage. es hard igi tat ead Rea fromthe whites he had koown st Banning: dey were noe ete to acing the onof difeen peoples A srt ine mind of shaban get of perch was clas an lof mesning Thy al dipped nthe wate e conn, ‘Sure cups were diferent Our cp broken now eas passed ae. Ouro batee. Tho sings tht bad pen sigicnce ro ie f bis eon he does ita of eng, the obligations he economic ne the fcc of creas in he villas, pssnion nthe bet dane, he tad Ards ight and wrong~thse wee goer snd withthe he sbape and esring of | bases The old man ws sil goons sod ec in relaonsip with the | wii He ino ean hate was any question a tenon of hi peope | Bathe adi ind he oso sehing sod alae equ oat f He the wl aco hs peoples standards andl, Tere wee cer cps ing nd hy ik pei wat ate as eels eof akerng wah an on here loping of something ther. The model. ed br fndenl, twas somehow lof pe ha en her own, Gibson had had pemonal cxpeene of the mare of which he spoke: He ied ovo cakes whose vals and ways of thought were omneorable i ard nen Weer vlzaton our experiences have ben ifn, We ae 1 6ne connopolan culture, a ou scales, oe pnchology abd oat oy ease gnc he ath expres n Rane fi. Beco ie and he pene of even, ot pak ofthe erty of Ess ition, provide an eee rer of possible atl of which Beha sere sory olive by Theat whens okowmereip mith the llc tn maybe sosaed wi pesos tere ae atl chings| Bei labore choos there ar all he cts fie, parenthood aed | pow-parentods there ave the gals or cake which may give stocture tothe rarer cconomie esha see ae the gods and sepematral ston Eich'one of tee ond many more ray be followed out with 2 cultural and Each on yskenicon ti monopoles te cla energy and leaves sll se Selinger as Aspect oie tha sem 0s portant Fees acetone wth all regard by peoples whe cule one in a eet Pion, hus been far fom pooe OF he same eat aye so seatiy iaboraed tat we eskon ss ase soa Tinney slesion ithe prime neces, The mans oe hate paced your vcs code sd ou oa and nasal avis are cree ane The tes or far dose ofthe Engl gags are a eetion ae eer cin wth tow of such closely rested ales ax Geran and EAST cote te ose differen guages ofthe word a one has ven Fret tBu language tut make ss eeson and abide by ion pin eee. ae meligile a al A language tat weed even 2 fw hundreds of he eet a aly ecorded~ phonetic clement could not be ted foe comma Por On the tke hand a get deal of oar misunderstanding of Ines Ces ou ka aren fom ovat to refer ale phone ses TEEN ne parol mene. We recogni onl ove other people have eee a acelin diferent poation inthe cron nad mvt, ditions of ae rama Wefoyarne tac depend on thee direc are mpossble ow CERRO stn We heveadandan They may havea interme soon whch Meg hah we wee now dad now, nteducing diners which do eee clemenary pret of linguistic analyse a conscious of Seo hp sumerous alle sounds from which each Language sakes nelson, Tr ere we must imagine 2 gest ac on which are ranged che posible secs provided ete by the han age cle of by the eionment of By ma’ ar ash clare tat apna cven cosidesable proportion ofthese TEUTEe Te unmeligble os snginge tho used all ee cick lth lol tons, cree dente sso and gtr om veces eked and fom oa aaa sy scale Jepends upon the mecton of tome sents of hk oar aman sry everywhere as mae such ele ns cla tt Tope Eek rm the poi of view of asthe gore fundamental and expos ee ate One eukarebarly scopes monetary vals anater as made sors every fi of beat none seit chology ley “Ae? end cre chose apes ie which nem necessary rena sania 1 ete Gy angle, senolopealachievereats ae complex and fied with caps ee te sastn, One bls an enormous cura supesuctr “pu adoleence one ape deh, ane upon afer Pt aelescence pata nesting, beats ti in the ei e ahs and tease we have lesen fom cer aes, Teeeroen cutsaon a wale brary of payehoogial sti hss emphasized th waeee east of she puro f puberty x our ation a physiological ate soe cussed by domes explosions snd cebelion as eyphoid i SAE occ Thee uo quron of te facs They ae common ia Amesice ‘The question Wath of tee neti. sconce tas one ft inescapable evn shoe ears which ave err eect aoe ‘adulthood means in that culture conditions the puberty ceremony. | akan i rembcaray perfect ame Sige tet eerie male ul whose Fndamerial a the exclon of women, Any woman ptt mast never know of the ses. Puberty ceremonies are elaborate and symbolic Se ne See eae iyo dre ‘sexual rites and bestow supernatural guaranties. eens EE ety corned Merom reine pe cores needa ecru “eo hon es Sows de ha een ha the te bo | carly a the pebble dope tote prom ssc the Nand of he fk gon of Fast Ac, gta bors G5 ded py hwy es of a dot eh ult bi boyd tang fide moe stesed than she woman. Here doesent its ace am oneal by those already admiced to ad tats upon ‘howe hey see now forced a, They ele of ten the mont complete ican RE REC ingenious ores aouated with eumebson, The res or he 0 ‘Site areseprte, but thy follow the se paren In oth the novices we forthe POSS ih clothing of heir twee During the operation thei faces ae Seco! any twinge of ply sd the reward of bravery gen with gest ity by the loves tbo un ora to acaie back some of hs adommens Feb he nil nd the hoy the ior mack hee oi ino a new sex ao: the Eopintow ¢ watson and hay ake a sweeten, the gic mariage, The Sebi re for bth poesia Ode which hepa i awarde by thar overs bey ites ay abo be bul upon she acs fst per and adi of 0 cextnio to boys One ofthe moat ae ofthe the insttaton ofthe fat FESO Gan i consal Aden, Tosh region where feminine eau is all be ‘Mied with obesty the i se pub spree sometimes for yer ed Aga and taey Gods llowed mo actin and her body rubbed sides Whois Sheistaught dung thine ber urare dats ander secasion ns with TAR ofc etulene thr i fllomed by her aeige to her prow bie som, fs mot regu a pcs free man f achieve plhitode before ‘Borngen sine sion, “Te ual ideas around which git’ pbet instruions are centred, and wich arent readied to boy are those coneezned with mension, The lene of he menting wormsn 3 very widespread He ad 2 few ‘Stns fot mension hes been made the focus ofall he asoiated tide, aber es in these cae a of thoroughly ferent character rm any of wich ‘Webi spoken Among te arse Indian of Bris Columbia the fear ad ror reais pry wes atts igh. Her ee or fur yer of ecsion was called he uring ives apse ied for al ne slone the wren naa of rach fr for all baer ti She was a teat ro any person wit ight 50 ‘ack reat a gmps of hey ander mere Foose defied pa oa rie She ‘Sue sal wi gest ewe of anne skin ht sroade er face and bres “df eo he Eun behind, Her arms apd gs were loud wh sinew bands to ‘uct hex ow thee sprit with hh shew fled. Sh was hers in danger hd she was sure of danger everybody ee. ‘Gi yaeey eremonce ui upon es sociated wit he menes are realy comer ato what fom the print of view ofthe inva concerned eset ‘Shunt behevoue There ae slays evo posable rps tote sacred: Way bet ‘Sire of pei or roy bea source of sing In some bes he fit meses of ‘Soares potent spernatral lsing, Among the Apaces Ihave sen the ress {hema pss on tr kas fore the oof solemn legs ro reese fo ‘Barn the Beno of ther tosh, Al the Babies and the old people come alo of SEERA co have lines removed rom them, The adolescent gare no seared [TS Soures of danger cour anthem 8c det sources of sperateral ising Since the deta anerie per ses for gis, bh among the Cac [id among he Apohe refunded on Beets concerning mentoation, hey te SEE Meena boys shad boys pubesty ike stead andi wth inp ‘ers and poo of manhood re bums curues_23 ‘SUI a Cy Se a are eats SRE iuten Seitenende Srila tetas clei tenes ee et aly septa eet eee en ae! Ci Spe at Tae ply is noc seriously hampered, A coupe of years before puberty, when she grows rung envugh ahve sure dal ans routed offer ad old enough fara Sc Neos Eh eet neat ‘0 change at all. “ eoaee SESE aed ia i a it Sisson Serer a emer et Sig cee tn eter Bey Dele an eed Tee Oe TETRA fa fe En a mee cn ig ns te torte ieee tare tie ep SDAA inosine rowan ts ring rony mod Ary rate we do nat have cn he erates olopel uel vastus ae shscapaaedomreonomie rote changes aaa os tnctia pata dive na in the ofthe a oer ad a ene terse many eer noe ht woul spon fo4 Fear: oanzan, cycle erey expos oe ot 4 a een Changs my be very nging a ile et RSRTRESLE Zits teil of change alae toe att ou a (eS rt upon the on pmble mtation nde which hana i an be Se ements stescapable: O8 aa seer sin cam se nal qe bese che Poe ese Change ar mov racy Hanan human aonb et Chet 7 sagen chung hand becomplee wert The veges tht ezasonvo me emecrtion rasp cha he ees of aan in sccrsaon incor the peas of te etn dr Se ken up que ey nos sgl fee raten of ce tie aden hy would be pen he same ces come eSpace and vale ht ther pers mee een “aloft mer aie ta pose han sation rd motes oe a ee eare of ekul splay or employ, ad hat wom oss ety eed nln twat th era, No on sey fain any eure ule he he Ben roa tp and a ee is br tec grant oir eres the se sine 0 {See purispae whch ecg nit ov The ves of ate ony roms thecte with which sites corte Trem Gc Mnewfexneae fede even moet complexmsrweing lt te The form of ay ational stain we ba jo Sea ae the igi aman imple. eat measure cis fa oem Ree Ur op the oy mach he tat as ered wih ote tnt fom ieee Felis of exenence “Radoqeend wit may be saree with lipo belts among ove pope and ee prant opto tice rlgon another rea tray be wll & ‘etre of economic rant and ke therfore an apet of he monetary arn a yrs re enlesr andthe adj ae often Daa, Te oie ‘Fane eal be une ferent nthe diferent aco according the ements rah which ha combined. Te ot to rmake tis proces cleat ose because othewie we fall cat ine teneron to general into & sso aw the ro of el damier we sce tir union tbe a unter penomenon. The et Slo ef Eep pea ns sy mae, Nt peed an de Fare rer th velo sens and dognas which were fundamen inthe Seah fucpeomd Modern Europe ssc wuld have Bon ge iret Treegkelst anh en purely decorative and had pot made common see with sigan Tee acer of hry great developments in at have fin Ben remacably acts oe cos ation so he. Art ay be her deinely apa om ‘rwownsrvorcunacs 25 ‘sign een where oth ae highly dereoped. In he puclos ofthe Southwest of ‘heed tates, arf in potery and teats command the respect of he arts in any care, bt her sacred bole eared by she pits ost ou he als "esha a he decoration cee and unegoes. seus have been knows 2 throw oi Sothwest eligiour bjs Bosse they were oar ela the ado ‘Sindad of workmanship." have to put 4 fog there the Za Indians, tneaing tha he eligi gens elininate any aed of arty, Thi sparton [ecwee stand cgon or nique tsi of the Polo Ther of Soach Americ tnd of Siberia make the some ditto, though hey mute iin Yasous Ways They do oc se ther at sl in the serve of eligin nr eer, of finding the sours ofan local pore subject mate, eign, as der {sof ae have sometimes done, we teed rater 0 explore de exe 0 which ‘hw wo an mall erpentae, nd dhe consequences of sch meting fF eh at and lion, The nerpncraton of difleree fils of experience, and the consequent mod ication ofboth of thom, canbe shown frm al phases of essences conus, 2 lations, flre, materi alread relgion ‘We rest need he ably spay ait of oar wn carl berg ito thee several para. Our damon the soil ode woul a in laity we lene touundersind inthis way the complexe of een our sinplatbevioue Rail ‘rence and prestige prerogatives have so merged among Anglo Savon peoples that we fal eo separate biologie racial mater om our most soc condoned prea, Even among ttn te aay ead the Anglo-Saxon athe an roples sch rejuies ke lfeent frm so ht in Spunsb-colonied cous {End in Henishcoloois racial ifferenes have not the mime rca grueance. ‘Ghai andthe postion of waren, ary resell nerclted Was, “dthey hive diferent cme iter ery diferent The reset ih poston ef ween Cina on mo ae a eval of Giant hans igen coupling of woman ith the dsl empentione. These serpents feats oar and daappear sed the stor oer iin considerable dec @ tstry a thi nate and aes a szoiation Bur the pee onazcon We 30 faye ina complex ait and our hoor ata dstrbance ft inelation. ‘Bp agli. The diverty ofthe posnble embaaton sends, and itjate el nda can be tt ln upon # pear ay fe foundations. oa “ ators Notes on Further Reading Aero on Care a 0 Wha Woy Le a es H-14 rns here ae wily rl ne hi fae he se ha hua scart one be xplied gt yt, tht ra ruin eer ee, en cen win acre ‘irene nd ha elements etre tbe hod y pain th in he ‘Se. The ad ee hee which een incall nope he se al of ‘e'rcmins cnnsy hs syed het Fatt of Cue 930) Norge Mend Yoke in 958 oy tee wr en sche me wih conc ‘nee ths Uno Ao i ont > which cles a2 etd nd ‘Shima Bens impr be grog and mow pecan anes SPOUSE Ale ce trop scr Bet we her mr sil cases what many es ame ok oft sb cle yh hd fe enh ey Pee crus comempuey sty ae ssn Ay Sete, “ROBw, reece Rene tne: Allene Ssaiy sn he Cosan of Medes I Tpke Untel Sa she Mend” Body and Seca 6 200 8-105 nei ened ber Po. hoplr ron Cola Univer i 925, nd wee sana here werk Bony Mea panther infeacroplgi oe TRE Foner of Glare compart cer of Zu dane of New Mens Dobe ee ate a lh Cin ear ce wor dae Ne SSN Yate ans Pw 190 (1935), Race Seine ad Pats (New York: Ming BEANS bud To Crrlomn ah Sr Pater of pause Cala Foon Honan ie, 1946, Foe mae ee nl wos a Ml Rat ie Pt of Pind Une of eons 1B Mapa af a eels Sinner te Land tstine Unies of Tet fre, 99) SORE piace Aone Sing Reeang Rath end.” 108-90 SRR Sher acd Dobos Cndon ss, Women Wig Cale ely Une of EME ies e ch Mod i's bende ene gh Wort Rb tien Csi of ures Anroplogi! Que 6 (9882740. “Tata ong neoplasia ra excl ao co ‘one athe tect ener inhe nosey scour th esse, wheres Sug eee! tw uncomad se Chung tim ever sey Hel compte ‘Getrag far, Cate md Eston New Ys Pee rs, 1968, Rober Niet, ee Pease padi ew ane ston Peles 1998 (964 ad dace tnt Tt Pony “Toe Comyn of Clee sa ol Sten” Are [Gtiopal Rn 23195 SHS: Fort geal hon af the ce ere oe Meer ins “Cre p78 ware A Unable end Sey {Re Yo Oxtr Univer Bm 176) fr 2 hora eves ad aa ely Aheroplog es tout ewe se A Kroeber td Choe Klin, Clie: A ‘Sa Rane of Gnas ond Deo (New Yr: Vinge Boks 196 (952K ant ‘teem sxe nats force, Sey Oe "Thay in Anh: ae th See Compr Si a) ond Scery 2 (94) 16-65, ‘Saito se Hy of Clo Assrpoing to he Artoply of Wenn eae Sie 324s Gos tng, Caton Sion sy oh Cote ‘ean Etnogehic Rswldp Hier) ot goal 7 (Mado: Use of ‘Sacer ns 99 Dard Show an Cavs Noel “Rebeca Aatirorlagy Emap Cis of Tua tw ail) Conepoy Soca 22 9935 fot eRe Rnd say Willan Grmg Shek and Fase Sle US. Aros RSP Gael datrpaogy 13 (998) 40-68 Wal Seely Jy "The Cone of rep 341 nee Rol nd yon ney Ba Oe Cll Tr: Nove Pte Sin ef Soy ond Clerk User Cll Pes 139), er en Kaper Cte The miroplog Accum! Ycambie, UA and Landon kan Urea Pre, 99 ‘has tnopelogy and volo bave ba eee diary sea” te Secoplg sees aen eed 02 whe way fe fa pope wens ‘Stilo fram war oe fe pid moreseciind ee eng tt Shel yl oes nie ml ‘Ee Sop els fk cen, ae gh uy ose. Cal oe Pe so fo sce che tm tag bo sales ad as ESE ean vocal peice Ge pny Pa ed Vo vole ad ie pumsrvor crus 27 acon ec Pus Hs fn le Othe soporte eta hi id ie eens yon a ae ‘Se ormeanes, Mary Dg so oon heron, Te rd of Crs ew Yo a Bes ad a Wt Cl a ae ode Kee rt 90 oh View Ture, Tie Real Peco (Cage Aldine, 1963) and Tata, Drama, is ond Metaphor bse, NY Carel Unverat r, 579) 2 The Metropolis and Mental Life Georg Simmel “The deepest probs of adem fe low from the atempt ofthe individual 0 runt he independence and invidusy o is existence agai the sveeign power of ce, agsine the weight ofthe hater heagr and the cera ure and ehige fi Tis atagonim reeset the mon moder on af the confer whch pemive man mm cary on with nase for his own boy ‘cence, The eighteenth century may have clo for libration fom ll he es ‘wich grew up honey pols ingore morality and in economist ‘xder perm the rignl nar virwe ofan, wch i esa In even © ‘eselop witout ihn: he neenth centry may Bate ought o prom sion to man's ede nda (which x cnc wth the van Into and his chevermeuts which ke bcr niga ed indpeeabe but whch at ‘theses ma him so mich he more dependent onthe compet acy ‘feces; Nietauche may have sen theresa the nd a the ‘prteguise for hi fall developers, we Socal found the same hing in the uppesion ofall competion ~ but in each of thes he same Fandamertl meine ‘wrt at work umely he setae of the invideal obi lve swallowed up Inthe socialechnological mechan When on ingies about the produce of he Specially adem specs of comtemporary Me with reference ote inner mes {ages ato speak, one examines the body of clare with eferenc tothe soy ‘'T am to do concering the mewopai today — he aniwer il ee he ‘nveigaton ofthe lationship which sch saa srucate promote heween the india aspects of Ie aed those which trace the exes of ge ladda el regu the investigation of the adaptations made by te Pen tein ts adjusmene othe frees thee ouside of "The pechologsl foundetion, upon which the metropolitan invidliy i erected, i he imensfiaton of eotonal ile dae tothe wat an continous ‘fltof enteral nd isral mar Mania creature whore cere is pendent fon iferenes, hi mind i simulated by the dilernce betes poset per Sins and those which have recede Lasting imprstonn the sites ia thet Ssference, he hated replay of thelr course and contrat beat they ‘ons, 5010 Spel as metal energy thos the rapid telescoping of changing imagen, pronounced dfrenees within whats rasp at single gas, and unexpected of viola simul To te ean ha the metopoin cree hte Prychological condo ~ with cer costing ofthe ser, mith the tp td Fully of economic, cccupconl ad sical ie = cates in the nory Foundasons of mental His and inthe degree of aarerese cesiate by out ‘organization as creates pendent on dilleenes dep core with he swe, tore habits, nove smoothly Naight of te sesory ment phase of sal town and ral exence. Thereby the escaly lesen crater of the We METRCROUS AND MENTAL UE_29 seta life of the metropolis become ineligible as oer aia hat ofthe small town which ce more on figs and enol ctlaonie. Thee ae ae rooted inthe unconscious eel a th mind and develop mos el he ead ‘qulibuum of unbroken come The lous of enon, oa the ter hand tn tbe Inti conscious upper sta of he mind and ihe oe adap Oa one fores: In order to aj alt the shi an contradiction in even oes ot regu she dacrbances and ine upbevals which ae the ony meats whereby roe conservative personalities ae aero adap hemlet ane yh of ‘rent Thar he metoplitan ype—which natural takes on shoosind indie Poaifeations cea protec organ for eatin the profound darption ‘mith which the Hctstion and discontinue of the external mien testa fe Thsteadof ecg emotnally the mevropolian type st rity ina ona ‘manner, hus eeting a ment pedoriance trough the inesiestion of co Selous which nace enabed by ft Thos the eaton of the meepaan ‘sono thowe evens is moved a sphet of mental ev mich lens sents [nd which i fret removed fom tc dept ofthe peso, “This inelcoaisic quay which i chs recognized as protection ofthe ine Iie agin the dominaon ofthe metropolis, becomes raid no mune specie phenomena. The mewopol hae sys ben the sex of money economy ‘cause he many siednes ad encenraton of commercial ait have gen the ‘eli of exchange an rporance which oul nt have segue tn he come ‘mercial aspecs of rural ile. But money economy an the domination of the sleet Stand inthe clot reltonip to ane noth They haem cmon a purely ‘matero-fatartade inthe teatment of persons and things in wbish 4 forma Itc often comtaned wath an unrelensing hardest The pac nelle eon i indferentc all things personal bcos tof hem estos nd Feston develop wich are otto be completly undeston! by pul raonel ‘methods = jos as the unique element in event ever enter ta the pipe of ‘money. Moneys concemed oly wih what isconimonto alk iz with exchange “ele hi eer ll quali and indian to purely quantaine evel Al tinal erionsigs Uetwenn persons fst thr ndvdly when nel Ital elaorshipe del with persone as with number thes a0 wih ements sich, themsles, are inlferen,bat which ar of nest oly is ay ‘fer someting objeieypercsvable rin ths very mans hate nha ‘ofthe metropolis reckons wid a merce, a exorcy and with hit sera td free withthe person ith hom hei thrown sno agony tocstion ‘These celaoships sand in iin cores wth the nature ofthe salle ciety which tb etabe knowledge of individ characters podocsywith m equ ‘evil, am emorional tone in conduct, a spere whieh eyo! the ee cbjecve weighting of tasks permed and payments ade. What acta here ‘tga the cconomicpsychaogal aspect of the probe ihat in fs aden Saas production wat for te comer who ordered the produto tat the roe andthe prchaer knew ane ante The moder iy, noweve pid lino exclusively by producton forthe mathe that i, fr ete) waka ‘urhasers who ever apes in the acral ld vison of he pecncrs then Snes: Thereh the intrest ofeach pry agua eennes matter acres, ‘dis aionaly seared economic ego ned nf ny divergence from serpath because ofthe mpndersiiy of esa lationship, This al be nore ‘Ectame inthe money economy which dominates the meopais in which the lee ‘Reston of domes prion and dst bare of goods ave een eralcted Shin which the amount of production on ict persoal ores i rtaced diy ‘actor ss ppcolopea melee atitade and the money enon a Inavh cls iegaon thas one able o Sa whether waste ore hat {item oe ee vrs: What ec nl haz he foro en the Incropols the sol whi nous hs zeracon mos ful poi whch Tih atempe eo demon ony withthe atement ofthe mort outsandig glist conennl harass ha though she nice course of Erg ‘ton London hap neve ced the bear of Eland but often asset and sap bts money bag Trgurain appre niga chaise tits of he most exter aspects fis ave tobe found» munber of characerisie meatal tendencies. The moder ‘hing hes bere more and more 8 eaculasng oa. The aula exces of eeu ie wich hay eae fom 2 money ssonomy eresponds tthe idea of [mtr cence nal hao slong the wes to an athmetca problem aT ig everyones pes a athematalfrmel, Is ben ney onomty mich hs ths file the daly Ie of So many people wih weighing, crag enmersting and the edncton of quate talus 9 guanative ‘Sr Benue ofthe carne of eluate which money hs there has come verte none ofthe laments ile prion and degree of ea in ‘he defn ofthe equaies sod egies an unabiguowses ina ‘Seats and arenes js ax exe this prec has ben brougt abot ‘Brough he gnc ificon of poker wach es howere, the condos of he IMerools whic are aus az el tet fortis een cbarwcesissc, The ‘ions and concen of che epi msopoltan resident ae so manok and ‘Spey tie cpa aso eel ofthe aporeration of o many perens with ‘eck titrenel erat her easonsps and acs inerine wth one ‘Somer nt a many membered ngaiom new f ths fc the ck ofthe most ‘tac pcrniny i poses and petoaaces wold case dhe whol Beek Soon vo a excl chao fal the watches Belin soaeny wet wrong in {iteren woys even oly at mich an bow seni economic and commercial fe ‘Nol be dea For some ine Eventhough hs may ser ore sper ints Tlentcane tanger tht the magatade of tances est In making all ‘Weg andthe beeing of sppoitment a dora waste of time, For thik “lone echrige of etopetan ie in general nor conceal without all of {aces and Tein elatnships being ganized and coordinated in ce ‘Son neta nay ino a frny Raed framework of tine which arses ll Tbjeve cmon Bat hee too there emerge these concans which a a [al the whol ask ofthis dicsion, namely, that every een, however ‘Etnctd oss seer evel may appeny comes seedy nto comet ‘Wath dep of te oly and tha the most Bama externas arin the ast rages hound up wth falcons concerning the meaning and thes ite Prat, ela and exactnes which are equ by the complica tins and onesienen of topos ese noc only mom innately conned ‘Wh ep and ileus cars bt ao cole the ont fie tnd ae condaciv othe excason of show rasa, instinctive, sovereign human tet amples which ocgaly sock to ermine the fot fie em within lane of eeiving fom thous general schemata preci form. Een ‘howah thos Ives whic are aonomovs snd eharcesed by hese vial pulses Me noc enaly poole in she cy hey are, none the Is opposed 0 “ber. inte igh ofthis tht oe can expla the pasonate hated of fron ie Ruskin ad Niteache forthe metropolis pesonalies who found Theale of hie only in unaerated indidal expressions which cannot be rece so exategulets and in wom, on that acount there owe om she ‘Sine sousce as id that hated, the ef the money economy and Of the Torelecanes of execs, “The sume face which the exscnet ad the minute precision fe frm of Ife have colescel no asset highest impersonal, have, on he ober ands an influence ina highly personal decton There perhaps no pachie Penomenon whch iso unconditional eee t the cy a the last outlook, RRsat the consequence of thee rp shifting timolasions ofthe nerves which te town together tn all hee couse and from hich i seems tous the {tetfienton of mirpoltan itl senso be derived, On thi aceon ip otily dnc sup pons who have ees het etc ead wl be Tae Jost a an inmdearly enous hfe ake one Hast becuse it ile the eres coher wont entity unt tey Sally ean o longe prec any ‘encom at alla lest harfl simul ough the apidiy and the contador tnt sf force the eres to ale sch wlen responses, tear hem about bly thas they exh thi se eserves of eng and emanng the ‘Shvenlic, dopo have time for per eserves fo. This napa to et 1 ‘Sh ssmation th fe reused sount of egy costes fc that Hast [ade whch evry ldo lane city ences when compared wih te prods the more peas and mor abe mie. Combined with he physogicl soe ofthe bast metropolitan rude there isanother whch derives ftom monty eonom. The esnce ofthe Baia is Shinlferece toward he dines bene tgs Noi the sens at they are ‘ot pereied asthe case of ental Gllnese, br rater tht che meaning andthe Cale of te dns been thing, and hreith of he hing hems ae ‘evened as meanings They apear tthe Blast person ina homogeneous, Tat and pay clo with go one of them worthy of beng peered vo aothee This fee mood iste comme aubetive rete of 3 complete mney economy 12th ene hat roney ake de place of all he ranoliness of things and anetses all qualitative diintone Beween dem inthe disintion of “how ‘sks To the exten hae money, with cololesneas and nfeent quality, ‘Si become acomaoa denominator fl ales Becomes the igh eer = Fallows out the core of thing ter peculiar, ee spec values and thie tigueness and incopy in ay which is beyond repae. They all flow wth ‘hetame speci prvi inthe canary moving seam of money. They all est on ‘he sme level snd are disigulshed oy bythe amon tm svi ese his Clone ates this deolorng of things tough thei equation with money, toy be inperespuly sal In he ralatinshp weve which he wey person Tio objec which can be ugh for money, peng indeed i the tral character ‘which for eis reason public opinion sw rcogizes i ese bjs i takes Uvery consterale proportions This sky the metropolis she set af commer nde eth the prchasabiey of things apeat in ute a diferent aspect. thao in simpler econ, lis so the pear seat of the blast aia, In ic {brought to pal ace way hat achievement in dhe concentration of putchable things wich smut she india! co the highs degree of ervousenegh Through the mere usin itenseation ofthe same ond otis nitwement trnformed ina opposite inthis polar adaptive [hesorioon the Blase ade in which he neve evel thee fal possiiy ‘rating thems othe coment and he foe of metropolan fe by revoun ‘Gos the stpons tthe We see tat the sl preseraton of eran eres of Psonic casted she con of devalsing the ete abjecve wordy nding [Revanly in dragging the pessonly downward ito eg of 8 wn vale ices “Wheres the suit of thi fon of exitence mat come 10 ces with it for imsl bepress nthe fae of dhe great iy reqs of han a ess ezine pe of scl conduct he ena aritade of the people of he meopais {ovone anther may be desgated formally one of reserve Ifthe unceasing ‘Seer contct of numbers persons inthe iy shoud Be met by he sae umber ‘inner ean in the smal ton ew one knows almost every person he Ince and neh of wom hiss pose relator, one woeld be comply ‘Nominal and woold fallin an otinkle meal edition. Paty ths vchologialcrntance apd prt the pee of suspicion which we vein ‘pe tace he element of mesoplitan Me (hich are constant touching one Shoter in leting cont oecssaes in ha reser, consegiene of which ‘nedanr know by sight aighbors of year Sanding and which pert us appeat Tosmulltown fll ss oem se cold and wncongena. ade Tom not mistaken, the ines eof th exeoal eee na only nderene bu more quent than we believe, gh sven, asa strangeness and repulsion witch, {lon coma whith hasan ay Way whatever ess bre ti hated and {cnfcsThe evr ane organization of sacha eype of extend commerce neon a eemely are strate of patie, inferences and aversion of {Ge bref su ell of te mow enduring sort. This pee of neece for {weno no as grat. ste supercly Oat minds espond, wth Some ‘Shnte eling ca slnost every smpresion emsting from another person. The fnconsousns th tmstrnese ad he shift of thes Feng ser ase em ‘nin inference, Actually ner would We as natal t 3 meson Imo a chaos of unvshe-orsgetions woud be enbearable. From ths ro tape anges of mop le we ae sav By ansathy which she ene MRmpoon a actual antagonism sine tings abou the so of tannin and Ueeon widout whch ts ype elie couldnorbe card on all Haste ad Stsmintres the ty of regen se ppearance, the ors it which its ‘dcguse these ont, ih the slid motives he narrower sens) an inseparable sly ofthe foo of meroplran fe. What appears here diel sociation i ality nly on of the clemerary forms of wcsizaton "Tis sere with is overton of cnecled averon appears once more, bower, se fom or he wrappings of auch regenera pyc tea the metropolis evernorou Mo noLUEE 33 Teams the individual of ype and dears of personal fed o which hee snag otberexcumtaecs Ih is rot neo the pres develoentl TErdencs a oc ie ats woe in one othe fe for which an approximately ‘She formals can be daconete, The mows eememary sage of oc ora ‘Evian hich be ound Mtr a wells inthe psn thi = elavely fal cle sls enely cloned alt nih frig or herve ang BRAN ups bur wb has howeves wth sal such satow cohesion that he Teva meer hos ony 2 ety alight ea for the developaent of his we tutes ad forte activity for which be hinsel i espn. Poll and Ei grape Bogan inthis way as do pla and regis communities the ‘Sepatvaton of ery yeungeseaansont equiera rigorous seing of boundaie hd cereipcaloiy and that rae resnoe ge rom redo 0 he ‘eesti of ener an external developmen of te sodvidal Tom tis tage ‘vil evolion proceeds sratancoul nto eget but none he ess core ‘Raing eons Tn the measure that te group grows uel spt, and Fite meaning cone of iit mmedate inne ny andthe deinen of USGSctdemareason agunst ores are ween and eared mid by ecsiprocl Iterations and inescnnecaons, And atthe se ine the indie ais 9 ‘Bema movement far beyond the fis star demas, and gins as ecard indi fo wich the dein of Ibori soup, whic have Soin neue ges both ocaslan and neces. However rch He particular ndiins and ves ofthe indivi susion might mod he geeral ches, {fest and Chetan, gu aad pola! partes sb inners the: groups fave seveloped inane with thi forma. This tendeney ssems ome, however 0 Ee gis eeey recogni alo sn the developmen of ndvidasy within he Framework of cy ie Sal town fe ag as well 3 nthe Mile Aas [jones upon he movers of he nial nhs elavionhip with tiouside word and on hs ner ndeperdenc and difesetaton tha the modery son enld wot even teste ander sock condons. Bren today the city delet ‘is placed nasal own ele typeof pasownes wich ery sina. The Sree cle which frm ou rvtronmane andthe tore ited the elaon- “Binsin hive the possi of temacending he bounds, the more anxiously {herarow community washes ove the deed ee conc of ie andthe ides AcTodadal andthe move ils quate 25d gueaive individuality ead {9 ps sor the boundaries of sock a emmaniy Fh anet pls sens inti regard to have had character of sal own, The inceane thes agai eitence Bf enemies fom ea and far Brough about ‘fata cohesion pltcal snd sitry mses that sypevsion of he cizen Upoter czens sod Sat ely ofthe wl toward he adidual whose ow ns ie was repose touch an xcent the coud compenste himself on by Teung dsp nie own hoeeold The wemendousapiatn and extent, nd the aig colaflgesy of Aten if pering expla by the fact hat 8 Fogle of ineomparably idividsiaed personales were in constant sragle [Sai the incesr nne and extra presi ofa ining all ‘Sur Ths ceed an atnouphere of eson in which he weaker were ld down thu he songe weve pele othe most parsons typeof elf poneton And frik histhre Bousmed in Aten, wt choot being able 0 deine exact eee re be designated ap "the general hana carte in he ielesan development Tear AOS Tor the corelation the facta 3 well the hora valty of Oi ete maiainng, thatthe roadet aa the mos neal ones TENGE. idee inummtely bound up wath temo individual ores. oth have. are ecm unas an al common enemies inthe orf formations nd a eel mivngfor selepesereson set hem in conics with che Broad and Tae thc ou, a wel ar ne rely bse and individual on eid, Jus etl sine the “ers man was he who stood unde the aw ofthe fan hat cee enw ofthe lrg src ui, bathe was unfree who derived it iG oly fom she aarow cee of fedalcorumanity— 30 odny san (ee eettice and ried sense he cinen of he etrpols i fe” in conta Sie and pecutices wick bid te anal town person, The tal TET nfercnce nd the nla! conditions of en rg el wits ree eal spreined ns sineance for he independence oe TEAC in the dence crowds ofthe metopls because the ball ovenes Rack of apse make ntlcran tance eal erccvabl ote fw Smee SUBS ithe obverse of thi codon that unde certain cumstances one seen only ands deserted seh tis metopoitan crash of persons. For Tee sSaothersesby no mets eceary that the feedom of man fecal Intenso ie oly aa pleasant experince, suc onfy th immediate seo the area and popaation whic, oa he bss of weg bison comeation bawece he inraze sie fhe socal ic andthe ‘See U personal iner and outer freedom, mates the metropolis the fu of is STAG ici her te uansesding ti prely tangible exesienes dat the eee de bearer th seat of coamopoianisn. Comparable with he for of Breer of wealth (beyond a cea point property nts vet Ne stead peopreson as ext f it ow sane feng) ~ the mdidal Rorzon epebt foe mime wae etononi pereonl and olerua laton in the city (eh aveadal eles), growin geometrical progression a 000 fr the Fae crn lic has been passed. Every amie extension Becomes a Bee st only for snl extn but rather fra lnge oe ad om. Fee ead ch sp au ore conte, growing out of ems, an See era ote This maybe lasrsed by te facta wishin they he teal nema of pound ey hough a ere eee i wa, Digs EES Poin wc te sel enersig, As point the quant aspect of Pees esadatel The shee of ie fhe smal tours nthe mi Egan al Fo the rool dec that isnne ie extended sete Te eteononr onder national or ternational area, Weimar ws a0 22esiniceune ws sgnteance war dependent upon inva pesos and ESTERASE Neat the mewopolsiacharacersed bys ental inependence SSCS om scan nda psoas hiss eather tates anit SMe inepentence whi te indian ving init ejoys, The mest Eel apt ofthe meicopol ie ds fanesonal magnitude beyond See cet boundaries and fa effcnenens eats upon the ter abd ges aa eee mporanes and esonsbly. A pon does noted with is of Tee ce Haye withthe aren to which his physeal acti i inomedicly SsBoed be embecen eth the ota of meaningful fests which emanates ‘irenorous mo MeL UE_35 ‘rom he temporally ad patil ode sme way the cy exis oly inthe rl It ofthe eflegs which wansond vet senedite pre Thee really ae the acta ‘Sent in whith heir eaten sexed: Thi lead expres inthe ac ‘har indie eed, which se loi socal complement of such exe on, bot oly to br uadeood in the negative sense as et freedom of move ‘nor and emancipation from psd nd phism. sess characterise Tater fe fund in the face tha he parley and compara which ‘kimaely every reson postenes in sme say is staly expressed) ving Fou toe. Taa we alow the ws of oar aner nature and this wha edo ‘ehecemes piceptble and convincing to sand to ches oly when the expres ons ofthe aatsedtingish hems fom others is ow epacesblty by ‘thers whi shows tha exe ade of exisene i not posed upon os rn he cus “Gc ar abo lh sea ofthe ost avaned economic son of abo They produce such extere phenomena a the ncatve vocation ofthe quatre in ris These ate persons who may be recognize by beso thei howss ad wo bold themscnes ey athe dinner Hou appropiate coxunes 0 they can be Eile pon on sbot ox cae thieen pean find usec te abe ‘Ect inthe neue of extension the iy fers foam increasing dese the ‘deeming condone forthe division of labor I ust whch became of 1 igs recepeve toa hth everied pry of sebicnemens wile at he fame time the equomervon of indvidaals and hers for the customer {bres the indvadal toa tpe of speized accomplishment in whch be cot feo aly exerminaed by the oe The deca fact ere that in he hie of loz sogle wih nwa for the renner tranaormed into a conic with tana beings td be gain which fought for granted ot by nature buy man. For tere we nd no only the prevoualy mentioned sure of petition but fuer tbe deeper one in which slr mus sck to produce inch person whom [Enisis tose ever new and unique eds The neces tse one prot [Ronde to finda sours of come which ect yt exhausted das specialize a Enron which cannor be eal supplanted i conducive to diflreation, refine net and enchant ofthe nade of te public which obvi mst Tad t0 Fzeating personal raison ein thi obi ‘A hs ade cathe narrower typ of inllacta individuation of mena goa tovbich the cy gives sn oopton to ssc Thera whole series of ans {ovis Fs ofl thre he diel af evig ones own personaly a cen fs within the famewesk of metropolitan lie Where quaativemzese of “loca energy ins each is ison seo alae distinctions 0 that, Through aking adramage of he exiting sent eo diflereess, ce aetion of the socal arid cain some way be won for onesel. Ths lids atmately to the seanper escent to speciiely mewopolian extravagance of sell dlcanciaton, of eae, of fatiiosness, the meaning of which is longer be ound m he content of such acy elf tater ing fom of “bing Aileen of making nevi nue, For many types of pons hess ae ‘lhe nly meane of tving for oer, through he ateton sane rom oes, fone sro lence and the Sse of filing a pouion. Inthe sme sense thee pert a spare insite ate which in effects weer pscepishy ‘omlative, namely the bei and ary of meting which ae aller each SRRITEH A Sompeed wat so econ sn» sll ity. Fr ere we fd the saeco appeater the pois learcst ad nivdual with xrsrdinany ester FEES ie whe tego and long aveciason assures to each peaon an umioceconspon ofthe ober’ personal "Fae Seta eto be the mas pound ate ofthe fc that he metopais place cpl on sing for he et snividaal frm of personal existence — cect whether rays cot always soe, The development of sea ire a cicateroed by the predominance of what oe ea ell he BSAC ap verte sugetve; tha es Tangoape aswell si ow, in the ‘Shlgue ot peoducon as wll a at in since as well yin the objects of TEAST stonmens tae embod = wor of pi [Geese daly owt of see wed only perc and with an een grea ag by the selec Ske fee india Ir we suey for instance the vat elre which REAL Sues een boa in higs ad in knowledge posit see ee tse compare them 7th ee cultural proses of the ini ree'Ee Sine period “aren the upper dass ~ we woul ee» Soghfl ‘Mfc in pros fey tet which eer, ay sere cnion ofthe clear of the inal With rerence to sPaahy, ‘ENS ant ea Ths duran en sence the esl he ces of he eee Milo of laboe For ti thew segues from she india a eee we Chesil type of acteveent which, atts highest point, ofen penis bs es lias whole to linen tm ay cap this overgrowth of obec eee fic ead les ssainy forthe fia Perhaps comin FES Pita act and nthe ober complex of Fcings which How from a hel relaced eo elle quay. Fe Becomes a sgl co ove agit ELIE Svcrwheimingorpaniation of thing forces which gradually ake ove of PETERS Seienng conned wits prowespitaity and valu. The operon tpt fces ers inthe alot fhe ae ra suet fm to me iy opr exsence. reed ony be ponted owt tat the metropolis {BE paper steno thistye of ure wich bar oargrown every penal emer Bee ltdgs sad on ehvatonal tions inte wonder an conse of Te onueringtechnighe, ithe Formations of socal ie and the concrete Bosh ot the Stato be found sich a temendoos richness of eryaling, UUpesonatnd call accomplchments Ut the sonality ean 80 (0 Fea, certain tal inte ace of From one angle iets made ifnely ‘Sie cay nth ene st tans teres andthe taking op of ne and ‘Een’ pcsne hemsles fom all dr ance ein 2 steam which ely ae eval iors fr caging Bet fom another angle, TeeNine ore and more of these impersonal cura elements and existing Goods and fees bch sak to sppress eclar persona nee nd inampa Sila Ads rent onder tat the mot pesonal clement be ved eens STS LS les and inidoaliraton must be produced and they most be ve 2 BsEted mer to be brought the sarees even ofthe indie ‘Toe acony of indica calareseough he hypertrophy of bese cule is ‘Bessorafthe ter ared which the preaches of the mos exrene dividual Be Retsoatgye of Nicwsch, seed game the metropolis. Buc abo th —— indeed appear to its residen oe Se ee cd ae 5 Ween RAS cel ee a at a a ye aa ‘wild and eeligiosnacuee ~ delinitations which imposed upon the huassn being 2 Seale poner eeeeiecensiel mal an et ee hensunn capone tre ett rautanett Goh tntape nenkcnnenaged ine ie Seeman iy ara era ane fet which we bong =r our or 0 complain of condone Wi on ‘eran commana Sino Maden Cte ing he ition of te a the modern cy, Garg Sel (185-191) gg seo eas ofc nce ncn he a, Si dittd omen nase cine ony nye ‘tle non fsbo ed acetate ear a sera cat he Univer of ein in 1681 wat aire for moxtof| eet tact mart ane heen Sa eee ee ae chirmeeriaa Dele ee ey ame eer ilocos te ed Sting oa eon Sachs a ee han fie, ti for worsoe Smet em eee Cer Cem Sas SETS" pe Ss ier of clea hah ie cies ocr nae Cece ee Fa ati BBP woe Koen, Berard Phi and Robert Coben lh Geary SS Se pecan oe et Fae ary gst 87 and te arco is Theory Cae ond Sapadirey sonra mera Sea archaeon a a eh Se ee Gehry inti lume fer dcsson of indvaeal ee Ler Soca! 3 The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno The soiloial theory that che lose of te suport of bisiey eased clin the dissolution ofthe streams of reaper th oh logeal and sol differeiation or speciation, have lel to clara chao Aiiroved everyday for cure nw? sprees tbe same amp on everything Fins, rio and mapasnes male up a sytem which i unfnr whe and a ‘Under opoly all mas clare i deni andthe ies fie aii frame work: begin to show though Te people a he top are no loge 0 iret in Conceal monopaly: at valence becomes moe ope, ao ie power grow Movies and aio reed no longer preted to bea. The tah tha they ae [ast bint is made into an tesla fr oder foisaly the rabbi they deliberately produce, They call themselves industis and when the decor” incomes te Pred, any dou about the socal uty af he ised pris reoved Interested ports cxplin the cael sa etl tr alge ‘tar because lions parcpte in erin reprouetion proces ae neestry the tnersably rece identical nes in innumerable plats wo be sated with iden! goods. The echnical conta bsween te os prodecton cers and the Tage number of widely dpeteo consumption pots odes coania tion and planing by management, Farhermore cae tha andar were tated inthe place on cnmume neds and for tht reason wesc with sli resstance, The sul the sce of manialton aod eroacene hee ich the iy af theese gros ever stongce No mention sade of te fet thashe has on which chology acqoes power ver soc ithe power of hose bose economic hold ‘ver soc ix genet. A tecnologia rome the Istionsle of dominaon tel Jb the eoneire nature of soc senate fom ie Autom, bomb, and movies keep the whole thing togeties ai thee leveling lee shower ts senshi the vay wrong which i uted has ade the echnology oth cure ndusery no more tan the schievement of andar on and ase practi, sacifingmbatever vlc 2 dtncton betwee the logic ofthe work ad that thesia sys. Thi che eae not ofa Ia of "ovement in ecology as sch ut of i uncon i eda economy. The ead hich igh resist ental conwal as lead ben sapped bythe ote of the indsdal conioune ‘The wep from the tepon to the cao has Cae “dsngised the roles. The forme tll lowed te bres to pay te tle of ‘bj, and was Heal. The ler is democrats etn ll pert nt Hones and authoacivey subjects them sa Broaden programe which ae sleazy the sme. Ne machinery of roid hasbeen devas i priate Ber uesttamruows tae ov oe Sasa ae prpovesel company Geos, fremont among whom arise most power fg ar aementnene cm eae ‘eho op taping lite Jews ine) oe unde 2 Soe se ict tn Urtpne, vem Sod lftngconsumes Something povided for alla hat So erent fear SE te {HE CURE NOLIN ONTEWNT AC AE DACERTON 41 ‘o perpetuate the semblance of competion and ange of chic. The same pi the Warner Brothers and Metro Goldwyn Mayer poactions Bat tv he die ences feteen te more expensive and thesper adele pa ot by these fi Sadi diminity for astemater, there are sch ferences the amber of fvlinders, cube capacity, details of peed gages and for ime these ae the umber of sts, the extravagant ue of technology sor, ed epee Inodaction of he ates peycolopea forage. The ural etecon of mee the amount of "conspicuous pracion” of bane csh invest, Te raring Inge she caer ncsty do not bese he ight atonal alae the meaning of he peoduces semsehe “The man with ese has to accep wht the clue manaacaers offs i, Kaot’s foemalism stl expeced 3 cneiion fom she indies eho as shovght to relate the varied experienc ofthe senses fo fundamental conep ut indy ‘obs the inddeal of fi fenction lepine sie to the easter i 0 dos ‘heating for hin. Kane sai hat thee waa see nechanom nh sol wich ‘eared dtr ination sa sch a wa ta hey oul be fied int the sys of ‘re reason. Bu today tha cet has ben deciphered. Whe the mechani 0 {Mlapperancs passe by hore who serve up the so expense tat byte ful industry, ts in fic forced upon the later by the power of ei whic ‘mans taal bowever we may to ronal an thine fone i rcesed by comical agence 50 hat thy ge an asia preston beng ‘tcommand. Ther notin efor he consumer casa. Producers ave done ‘loin Are forte mass has estoy he eas tila the ees ‘thar deamingidelars hick cial eaom bled a, Everything dese or onscouirs: for Malebranche aad Berkely, rom the onscioinets of Go it Inst ar tom the conciousness ofthe production eam, Not onl athe ht ong Sra toap apr eyelally ecueot aad gly iarble eyes, bt he ‘pee comet of the eterainment «derived frm then nd ly pens {© cnge The dels are nerchangesbe. The sor ira eguence wh ak tHe inhi sog, the hos torentry fal frm pace (which eee at {os sport he rough teaonen which the beloved ge om she male se he Lert rugged deface of the spol ze, are, Leal th her Sail sey sad cits to be sored in anywhere thy neve’ do ayhing ore than el he purpose aloe ther inthe overall pln. Ther woe razon ear to oni Erteing its consis ars Ae soon athe Fm ep s gut ces bow i wl fd, an who wil fe evarde, nse, or forgon- In igh mas once the "inde ius heard heft notes ofthe hi song, can gts wht scan and Sel ferd when i doc come. The average log f the sor story hat tbe sy adetd to, Even gaps eifecn and foes ave caked ike the Sting which they are placed. They ate the tesporsly of spect exper and thsi furrow ange makes i easy for thm tobe apportioned inte of, The decoy ent ofthe culture inde hase the predominance of he ele, he obvious ‘such and here detal over she mork elt which one exceed an ey ‘or was guste oper with the ides, When the deal woe fcdony ‘came elon and, in the period fom Ramanan 0 Expression sted teas fe expression, aa while of protest agit he orgnation. In i the Single harmonic ef blterate the awarenes of foe 8a whole in ping the ‘SaRdaat color was steed atthe expense of poral composition and tthe ae ptlogytecame mote porate than arate. The aly ofthe ate ‘ay aspen endo he Though eonceedexisvely with ess, rises Se inaion and maker then silere the foonla, which replaces te ‘Move Therm uence on whole nd pars alike The whoeinestably eas TORR the deals jot bike the ester of suczesfal man fo eich esting i mae co fa a raion or 2 prook, wheat aething more SUT ofall thse ote eents Te salled oman ies ike le ‘Mich ears oder bur ot coherence. The whole and she ps are ak ther f@ SEERSVand no conection: Ther praranged baoony ia mockery of wat had Bee inthe rest boureoe works of rn Gecmany the groves ‘Bake ofthe dzatoshipaeay hung over he gayest ns ofthe democrat "The whole word ema opts hough te fer ofthe clara, The old cexpesane ofthe movi pes no sts the world esi san extension of tet FERS RSs teen the loner ime pon eprodacing the word of everday tapos mw the producer's guile, The tore intensely and weal ik Pe onc empl bjs the ier today forthe illason co prea {Bettie oumide would the saighformard connuatin ofthat presented on he ee ls pry as been freed by techni rerodation snc the ihe ring takeover y he sound lm, TEE Keeommeindtngushable from ee movies, The sound film fe surging the thester a illness no Foo fe imagination or election on BERN the setence, who unl to rerpond win the structure ofthe il Jeu devine tom tu prose del bor lsing the thread ofthe sey ence he ibs en inves wo une ty seth eat. The tuning of dhe mas ae eres te pers of imagination and sponta doesnot have 1 Bete Stic any peyulogial mechani; hema sce the lef chose tebe 10 Teeetneet? tue te produc theme, expecially wo the os characterise (ibobthesound nThey srw deged shat quikes, powers of oberon, cP eeee are undenatly nested to appretend test at all yet ssaned ‘Moughn our of the questi i the spectator ao oss he rene sk of eet Bc though he tle equa for hi respose seme, 0 De + IE Tor the imation, Toone who ares0 absorbed by the world ofthe money Teese gern end words hase are enable to supply what aly makes ‘veld nar hve to el oo parla poof its mechani dng a en SETA oter fs and prod th ner nse which hey ave ch hve tah ther lat fo exerts hey feat automaticaly. The wight of SRACT cece ldged in ers mings The enerainments mansfatrets Feel th peace il econaane with lets even when he cstmer Eisai foreach of tem ies del of aug economi machinery whch is Shany susie the eases, whether t work of lest which at work, Fs vcy wound fn and every broaear progam the socal fet canbe need REA Sedcloue wo none bun shand bya ake. The clare nur sa whole Isolde men ae ype antl eproduced in every produc. lle agen of Beet rom he producer othe were’ cls ake ood aretha the sme ‘Gpreducen ofthe mental stat enor need or extended in ay 93 ‘ep eran nd mtr ofc Wo oni a he xian ne won oft hase syle deermning power ae wong, Te serene sppropsion Wevering ee te intone for he purer of estonia epeeton Sepa the ior aod general ren of ay veal syle” i the see in which Eira sogoseend celeb he ora peopl pase By aubodiaing nthe se ay and fo see al area fillet ans by ecapying me's seme fom he te they late the factay in the ‘ening bene ty clock inagin next morning with mater tha ers the Simp ofthe loc proces hey thule vet rain euphout be ayhis ‘bsompon moctanpy sats the concept of nif cure wich the pi Topher esol conned wih acre Thor ieaew thax ihe econ eens of cir artanddisration are subortnted one cd so subured unde ne false fr he aly of he {Shure indo. cons of epton. Tha ts charac smovaions are ‘ever anything move than inpeovene of age eproduccon isnot eel 19 {he aye. ris wth good reason thar te sero of inmumerale consumes is Secon alata hecho ee Sarwar, and by now hal drested. The ll powe whch he petatrs oC ‘Mpa oe mre este ate omnes fh secre peed by {Eel lth te sale Wolo fr wich te ephemeral coments standin ‘Nevertheless the clare ndstry ei he esterainment Basie nde verte consames sabi by ements tat wl lately be broken ‘or by an grigh dees but by the boty intern the principle of ena tent to what gener han el Since all the tenho the ltr Inds ne Profound embeded nthe publ by the who aca rose they ae encouraged Efe sul ofthe mark in ht ae. Demand an wot et ben tepid by ple obedience As swe kapw, the major reorganization ofthe lindsey ‘Shor blre World War se mater peeqieo x expansion, was reciy {B'ielbeeaceprnce of the pub's neds a ord a the bow oer 0 ocd wich was hatdy toot ccna he poneeing dys fee mee. ‘Tacsameopmon held olay by the ep of he in i wo ake ate eon he mot or espn song hits ut wey never have ecu he Faden of rate oppostecteron Bans hi deol. kssgute comet {iar power ofthe core indusy roids nf detcat wth» manaae tered neds and nt inemple conan fot vehi this conte Were one of CGinplee por and complete powerlesnese, Amiwemen we ne capitalism fhe plongaion of work tise fer aan exe rom the mechanized work proces td to rer stengn in ed ob se cope with gat. Bara the [Eine ne mechananton has rch power over ama’ lene and apps and 0 frofoncly ermine the manufacture of suse good, tot hs experiences ie inrcly ferinapes ofthe work proce foc The oxesible content ‘Berey aed foreground what snk inthe automatic sucesson of seadardized ‘Gpendons What happens a work inthe factory, ot the ofice can only be (ape rom by apprsumaton rk none eure ine, All amuses sles Toor incurs lay Pave arden in borer bees 30 ein Plessrermt not demand fo andere mona rip he worn [Peover of aocaton, No iadependoe thinking must be exerted frm the ene the podace prescribes every escion: ar by its arr srctre hich Narre nieces but by siptale Any opel conection calling fr metal Seas atakingly aided. As frat posible, developments ms flow fom Fee ee ty peeing stunt ad sever rom the es ofthe whole For the ‘teatve movie ger any fava see oil give him he whole hing. Fae Sdtre incusy perpetually ches consumers of what it pepe promis The pomisoty ote which, ih tsps and staging dws 09 Fees enely pong the promise, whch i actually all he spectode Erin ofllsry all tay eons i thatthe reat poi wil eer be

You might also like