Tn hiu v h thng

Lecture 5
Biu din tn hiu dng bin i Fourier

Signals and Systems

Tran Quang Viet FEEE HCMUT

Biu din tn hiu dng bin i Fourier

Chui Fourier

Signals and Systems

Tran Quang Viet FEEE HCMUT

Hm m phc & chui Fourier

jn t
Xt hm: n (t)=e 0 , n 0, 1, 2,....

Tng cc hm n(t) s l hm tun hon chu k T0=2/0

Tn hiu tun hon f(t) chu k T0 c th c biu din:

f(t)= D n e jn0t
n=

(Chui Fourier hm m phc)

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Hm m phc & chui Fourier

f(t) l tn hiu thc Chui Fourier lng gic

f(t)=f * (t)

f(t)= Dn e

jn0 t

n=

Dn D

* jn0 t
n

D e

n=

*
n

e jn0t

n=

*
n

D Dn

chui Fourier c vit li nh sau:

f(t)=D0 (D n e

jn0 t

n=1

D n e

jn0 t

) =D 0 (D n e jn0 t D*n e jn0 t )

n=1

f(t)=C0 C n cos(n0 t+ n )
n=1

C0 =D0 ; C n =2|D n |; n D n
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Hm m phc & chui Fourier

3

V d : f(t)= D n e jn2t
n= 3

D0 1, D1 D 1 1/ 4, D 2 D 2 1/ 2, D3 D 3 1/ 3

1
2
f(t)=1 cos(2 t) cos(4 t) cos(6 t)
2
3
f(t)=f 0 (t) f1 (t) f 2 (t) f 3 (t)

1
2
f 0 (t)=1, f1 (t) cos(2 t), f 2 (t) cos(4 t), f3 (t) cos(6 t)
2
3

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Hm m phc & chui Fourier

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Hm m phc & chui Fourier

thun tin trong vic phn tch & x l tn hiu ta dng
khi nim th ph tn hiu tun hon:
Xem ejn0t l 1 thnh phn tn s n0 th Dn l gi tr ca
thnh phn tn s ny |Dn|: ph bin , Dn ph pha.
Do n c th m hoc dng nn y l ph 2 bn: tn s
m & dng
Xem cos(n0t) l 1 thnh phn tn s n0 th Cn l gi tr
ca thnh phn tn s ny |Cn|: ph bin , Cn ph
pha. Do n dng nn y l ph 1 bn: tn s dng

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Hm m phc & chui Fourier

Xt v d trc, ta c ph 2 bn & 1 bn nh sau:

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Xc nh h s khai trin chui Fourier

f(t)= D n e jn0t f(t)e jk0t = D n e j(n k)0t

n=

t1 +T0

t1

n=

f(t)e jk0t dt= D n

t1

n=

Dk =

1
T0

t1 +T0

t1

t1 +T0

e j(n k)0t dt T0 D k

f(t)e jk0 t dt

f(t)= D n e jn0t

Vy:

Dn =

Vi:

n=

Chui Fourier

1
T0

t1 +T0

t1

f(t)e jn0t dt

H s khai trin Fourier

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Xc nh h s khai trin chui Fourier

V d:

1 T1
2T 1
dt 1

T -T1
T
3
1 T1
1
D n = e jn0 t dt
e jn0t
T -T1
jn0 T
D0 =

T1
T1

1
(e jn0T1 e jn0T1 )
j2n

1
1
n 1
n
sin(n0 T1 )
sin
sinc

n
n
3 3
3

1
n
f(t)= sinc
3
n= 3

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jn0 t
e

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Xc nh h s khai trin chui Fourier

Ph ca tn hiu

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Biu din tn hiu dng bin i Fourier

Bin i Fourier

Signals and Systems

Tran Quang Viet FEEE HCMUT

Bin i Fourier
Xt f(t) l tn hiu khng tun hon:

-1

V fT0(t) l tn hiu tun hon c to thnh do s lp li

f(t) vi chu k T0:

Ta c quan h gia f(t) v fT0(t) nh sau: f(t)= lim f T0 (t)

T0

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Bin i Fourier
Ph ca f(t) c xc nh da vo ph ca fT0(t) vi T0
tin ti v cng

Dn =

1
T0

T0 /2

-T0 /2

f T0 (t)e-jn0t dt=

1
T0

f(t)e-jn0t dt

Dn =

F(n0 )
T0

Xt v d tn hiu xung vung:

1

F(n0 ) e-jn0 t dt=2

-1

sinn0
2sin c(n0 )
n0

F() 2sin c()

Ta s kho st quy lut ca Dn khi T0 tin v v cng

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Bin i Fourier
Phn tch kt qu bng hnh nh: D n =

F(n0 )
T0

F()/T0

F()/T0

F()/T0

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Bin i Fourier
Kt lun: khi T0 th Dn tin ti hm lin tc D() c gi
tr bng 0
Ph ca tn hiu f(t) chnh l D()=0 vy khng th
dng D() phn tch ph tn hiu f(t)
Phn tch hm T0.Dn ca fT0(t): T0 D n =F(n0 )

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Bin i Fourier
Phn tch kt qu bng hnh nh: T0 D n =F(n0 )
F()

F()

F()

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Bin i Fourier
Kt lun: Khi T0, T0Dn hm lin tc l F()
Tng hp f(t) t F():

f(t) lim f T0 (t) lim

D n e jn0t lim

T 0

T 0

f(t)

1
F()e jt d
2

2 F(n)e

jn t

ngha ca F()

F()d
F()df
2
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F(): mt ph tn hiu

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Bin i Fourier
Tm li ta c cp bin i Fourier nh sau:

f(t)

1
F()e jt d

F()= f(t)e-jt dt
-

(Bin i Fourier thun)

(Bin i Fourier ngc)

f(t)
iu kin tn ti F():

F()

|f(t)|dt : hh

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Bin i Fourier ca mt s tn hiu thng dng

(t) 1
eat u(t),a>0

1
a+j

u(t) ()+

1
j

t
T
rect Tsinc

T
2

T
t
T
sinc2

2
T
4
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10

Cc tnh cht ca bin i Fourier

a1f1(t)+a2f2 (t) a1F()+a
1
2F2 ()

f1 (t) f 2 (t) F1 ()F2 ()

f (t t0) F()e jt0

2f1(t)f2 (t) F1() F2 ()

f(t)e

j0t

d n f(t)
(j) n F()
n
dt

F( 0 )

t n f(t) j

F(t) 2f( )
f(at)

1
F
|a| a

d n F()
dn

f()d F(0)()+F()/j

f( t) F( )
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f * (t) F* ( )
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Phn tch ph tn hiu thc

f(t) F()

f(t)=f * (t) F* ( )

F()=F* ( )

|F()|= | F* ( )|= | F( )|
F()=F* ( )= F( )
Ph bin l hm chn
Ph pha l hm l
Phn thc ca ph l hm chn
Phn o ca ph l hm l
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11

Phn tch ph tn hiu thc

f(t) F()
f(t)=f( t) F( )
*

f(t)=f (t) F ( )

F()=F( )
F()=F* ( )

F()=F* ()

F()=F( )
Tn hiu thc chn c ph l thc chn

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Phn tch ph tn hiu thc

f(t) F()
f(t)= f( t) F( )
*

f(t)=f (t) F ( )

F()= F( )
F()=F* ( )

F()= F* ()

F()= F( )
Tn hiu thc l c ph l thun o l

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12

Nng lng & bng thng tn hiu

Nng lng tn hiu:

Min thi gian: E f |f(t)|2dt

Min tn s (nh l Parseval):

E f 21 |F()|2d

|F()|2 Mt ph nng lng

Tn hiu vt l l tn hiu thc v c ph tri di v hn trn thang
tn s tuy nhin ch c mt khong tn s l cha phn nng lng
quan trng ca tn hiu khi nim v bng thng tn hiu.
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Nng lng & bng thng tn hiu

M khi c gi l bng thng tn hiu

V d: Xc nh bng thng ca tn hiu: e-atu(t); a>0
1 1
1
Ef
d
f(t)=e at u(t) F()=1/(a+j)
2
2

2 a
2a

0.95E f

0.95 1 M
1
1

d
tan 1 M
2
2

2a
2 M a
a
a

M =12.706a (rad/s)
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13

Bin i Fourier ca tn hiu tun hon

Biu din tn hiu tun hon dng chui Fourier:

f(t)= D n e jn0t
n=

Hoc: D n =

vi: D n =

1
T0

T0

f(t)e jn0t dt

F0 (n0 )
, F0() l ph ca f0(t): 1 chu k ca f(t)
T0

Bin i Fourier cho tn hiu tun hon:

f(t) F()= 2D n ( n0 )
n=

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14