Proracun - Example Cold Formed Steel

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title
Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

cold-formed lipped channel section in bending
Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
Example: Calculation of effective section

properties for a cold-formed lipped channel
section in bending
This example deals with the effective properties calculation of a coldformed lipped channel section subjected to bending about its major axis.
For practical design of light gauge sections to EN1993, designers will normally use software
or refer to manufacturers data. This example is presented for illustrative purposes
Basic Data
Created on Wednesday, July 18, 2012

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are:

h 200 mm
Total height
Total width of flange in compression
b1
74 mm
Total width of flange in tension
b2
66 mm
Total width of edge fold
20,8 mm
Internal radius
3 mm
Nominal thickness
t nom
Steel core thickness
t 1,96 mm
Basic yield strength
f yb
Modulus of elasticity
210000 N mm2
Poissons ratio
0,3
Partial factor
J M0 1,00
2 mm
EN1993-1-3
3.2.4(3)
350 N mm 2
The dimensions of the section centre line are:
Web height
hp
h t nom
200 2 198 mm
Width of flange in compression
bp1
b1 t nom
74 2
72 mm
Width of flange in tension
bp2
b2 t nom
66 2
64 mm
EN1993-1-3
2(3)
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Width of edge fold
c t nom 2
cp
Sheet
of
20,8 2 2 19,8 mm
Checking of geometrical proportions

The design method of EN1993-1-3 can be applied if the following conditions EN1993-1-3
5.2
are satisfied:
b t d 60
b1 t
74 1,96 37,75 60 OK
c t d 50
ct
20,8 1,96 10,61 50 OK
h t d 500
ht
200 1,96 102,04 500 OK

In order to provide sufficient stiffness and to avoid primary buckling of the

stiffener itself, the size of stiffener should be within the following range:
0,2 d c b d 0,6
c b1
20,8 74 0,28
0,2 0,28 0,6 OK
c b2
20,8 66 0,32
0,2 0,32 0,6 OK
The influence of rounding of the corners is neglected if:
r td5
rt
3 1,96 1,53 5 OK
r bp d 0,10
r bp1
3 72
0,04 0,10 OK
r bp 2
3 64
0,05 0,10 OK
Gross section properties

Abr
t 2cp bp1 bp2 hp 1,96 u 2 u 19,8 72 64 198 732 mm 2
Position of the neutral axis with respect to the flange in compression:

z b1
>c h
p
cp 2 bp2 hp hp2 2 cp2 2 t

Abr
96,88 mm
EN1993-1-3
5.1(3)
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
Effective section properties of the flange and lip in compression

The general (iterative) procedure is applied to calculate the effective EN1993-1-3
properties of the compressed flange and the lip (plane element with edge 5.5.3.2
stiffener). The calculation should be carried out in three steps:
Step 1:
Obtain an initial effective cross-section for the stiffener using effective widths EN1993-1-3
of the flange determined by assuming that the compressed flange is doubly 5.5.3.2 (3)
supported, the stiffener gives full restraint ( K f ) and that design strength is
not reduced ( V com,Ed f yb / J M 0 ).
Effective width of the compressed flange
The stress ratio: \
1 (uniform compression), so
the buckling factor is: k
4 for internal compression element.
235 f yb
bp1 t
28,4 H k
72 1,96
28,4 u 235 350 u 4
0,789
The width reduction factor is:
Op,b 0,0553 \
Op,b 2
0,789 0,055 u 3 1
0,914
0,789 2
The effective width is:

beff U bp1 0 ,914 u 72 65,8 mm
be1
be2
0,5beff
and
EN1993-1-5
4.4
The relative slenderness:
Op,b
EN1993-1-3
5.5.2
0,5 u 65,8 32,9 mm
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
Effective width of the edge fold

The buckling factor is:
if bp, c bp1 d 0,35 :
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (5a)
0,5
if 0,35 bp, c bp1 d 0,6 :
0,5 0,83 3 bp, c bp1 0,35
bp, c bp1 19,8 72 0,275 0,35
so
0,5

Op,c
cp t
28,4 H k
EN1993-1-5
4.4
19,8 1,96
28,4 u 235 350 u 0,5
0,614
Op,c 0,188
Op,c 2
but U d 1
0,614 0,188
0,614 2
so
1,13
U 1
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (5a)
The effective width is:

ceff
U cp 1 u 19,8 19,8 mm
Effective area of the edge stiffener:

As
t be2 ceff
1,96 u 32,9 19,8
5.5.3.2 (6)
103,3 mm
Step 2:
Use the initial effective cross-section of the stiffener to determine the EN1993-1-3
reduction factor, allowing for the effects of the continuous spring restraint.
5.5.3.2 (3)
The elastic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffener is
V cr ,s
where:
2 K E Is
As
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (7)
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.1(5)
K is the spring stiffness per unit length:

K
1
E t3
2
3
2
4(1 Q ) b1 hp b1 0,5 b1 b2 hp kf
with:

b1 distance from the web to the centre of the effective area of the stiffener in
compression (upper flange)
be2t be2 2
(be2 ceff )t
72
32,9 u 1,96 u 32,9 2

(32,9 19,8) u 1,96
b1
bp1
kf
0 for bending about the y-y axis
0,439 N mm
61,73 mm
I s is the effective second moment of area of the stiffener:

2
Is
2
3
ceff
ceff 2
be2 t 3 ceff t
ceff

be2 t
ceff t
12
12
2 2be2 ceff
2be2 ceff
Is
3663 mm 4
so, the elastic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffener is
V cr,s
2 u 0,439 u 210000 u 3663

103,3
355,78 N mm 2
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
Thickness reduction factor d for the edge stiffener
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (3)
Od
Figure 5.10d
f yb V cr,s
350 355,78
0,992
The reduction factor will be:

if Od d 0,65
F d 1,0
if 0,65 Od 1,38
F d 1,47 0,723 Od
if Od t 1,38
0,65 Od
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.1 (7)
Fd
0,992 1,38
EN1993-1-5
4.4 (2)
0,66 Od
so
F d 1,47 0,723 u 0,992 0,753

EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (3)
Step 3:
As the reduction factor for buckling of the stiffener is d < 1, iterate to refine
the value of the reduction factor for buckling of the stiffener.
Figure 5.10e
The iterations are carried out based on modified values of U obtained using:
V com, Ed, i
Op, red
F d f yb J M0 and
Op F d
The iteration stops when the reduction factor F converges.

Initial values (iteration 1):
Final values (iteration n):
Fd
0,753
Fd
F d, n
0,737
be2
32,9 mm
be2
be2, n
35,9 mm
ceff
19,8 mm
ceff
ceff, n
19,8 mm
Final values of effective properties for flange and lip in compression are:
Fd
0,737
be2
and be1 32,9 mm
35,9 mm
ceff
19,8 mm
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (10)
CALCULATION SHEET
tred
tF d
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
1,96 u 0,737 1,44 mm
of
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (12)
Effective section properties of the web
The position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in compression:
cp hp cp 2 bp2 hp hp 2 ceff F d 2
2
hc
hc 101,6 mm
cp bp2 hp be1 be2 ceff F d
The stress ratio:

hc hp
hc
101,6 198
101,6
The buckling factor: k
0,949
7,81 6,29\ 9,78\ 2
Op, h
hp t
28,4 H k
198 1,96
28,4 u 235 350 u 22,58
Op, h 0,0553 \
Op, h 2
22,58
EN1993-1-5
4.4
(Table 4.1)
0,914
0,914 0,055 u 3 0,949

0,959
0,9142
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
The effective width of the zone in compression of the web is:
heff
U hc
0,959 u 101,6 97,5 mm
Near the flange in compression:
he1 0,4heff
0,4 u 97,5 39 mm
Near the neutral axis:
he2
0,6heff
0,6 u 97,5 58,5 mm
The effective width of the web is:

Near the flange in compression:
h1
he1 39 mm
Near the flange in tension:

h2
hp hc he2 198 101,6 58,5 154,9 mm
Effective section properties
Effective cross-section area:

Aeff
t[cp bp 2 h1 h2 be1 (be 2 ceff ) F d ]
Aeff
1,96 u >19,8 64 39 154,9 32,9 35,9 19,8 u 0,737@
Aeff
689,2 mm 2
Position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in compression:

zc
>
t cp hp cp 2 bp2 hp h2 hp h2 2 h1 2 ceff F d 2
zc 102,3 mm
Aeff
of
u
g
SX022a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Document Ref:
Position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in tension:

hp z c
198 102,3 95,7 mm
zt
Second moment of area:

3
3
3
c t b t 3 b ( F t )3 c 3 ( F d t )
h1 t h2 t bp2t

p e1 e2 d eff

12 12
12
12
12
12
12
2
cp t ( z t cp 2) 2 bp 2tz t h2t ( z t h2 2) 2 h1t ( zc h1 2) 2
W
a
I eff,y
be1t zc be2 ( F d t ) zc ceff ( F d t )( zc ceff 2) 2

2
n
r
4140000 mm 4
o
e
I eff, y
- with regard to the flange in compression

Weff,y,c
r
h
e
i
a
s
Weff,y,t
C
T
I eff,y
zc
4140000
102,3
40460 mm3
- with regard to the flange in tension
e
m
d
a
Effective section modulus:
I eff,y
zt
4140000
95,7
43260 mm3
Sheet
CALCULATION SHEET
of
Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped

channel section in bending
SX022a-EN-EU.doc
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE
Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed

lipped channel section in bending
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name
Company
Date
Created by
BRITT Ltd. Timisoara,

Romania
05/12/2005
Technical content checked by
D. Dubina
BRITT Ltd. Timisoara,

Romania
08/12/2005
1. UK
G W Owens
SCI
12/4/06
2. France
A Bureau
CTICM
12/4/06
3. Sweden
B Uppfeldt
SBI
11/4/06
4. Germany
C Mller
RWTH
11/4/06
5. Spain
J Chica
Labein
12/4/06
G W Owens
SCI
23/08/06

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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

Example: Calculation of effective section

Created on Wednesday, July 18, 2012

The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are:

Total width of flange in tension

Total width of edge fold

Steel core thickness

Basic yield strength

The dimensions of the section centre line are:

Width of flange in compression

Width of flange in tension

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

Width of edge fold

Checking of geometrical proportions

20,8 1,96 10,61  50 OK

200 1,96 102,04  500 OK

Created on Wednesday, July 18, 2012

In order to provide sufficient stiffness and to avoid primary buckling of the

0,2  0,28  0,6 OK

0,2  0,32  0,6 OK

The influence of rounding of the corners is neglected if:

Gross section properties

t 2cp  bp1  bp2  hp 1,96 u 2 u 19,8  72  64  198 732 mm 2

Position of the neutral axis with respect to the flange in compression:

 cp 2  bp2 hp  hp2 2  cp2 2 t

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

Effective section properties of the flange and lip in compression

The stress ratio: \

the buckling factor is: k

4 for internal compression element.

The width reduction factor is:

The effective width is:

The relative slenderness:

0,5 u 65,8 32,9 mm

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

Effective width of the edge fold

if 0,35  bp, c bp1 d 0,6 :

0,5  0,83 3 bp, c bp1  0,35

bp, c bp1 19,8 72 0,275  0,35

The relative slenderness:

Created on Wednesday, July 18, 2012

The width reduction factor is:

The effective width is:

Effective area of the edge stiffener:

1,96 u 32,9  19,8

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

K is the spring stiffness per unit length:

Created on Wednesday, July 18, 2012

32,9 u 1,96 u 32,9 2

0 for bending about the y-y axis

I s is the effective second moment of area of the stiffener:

2 u 0,439 u 210000 u 3663

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

Thickness reduction factor d for the edge stiffener

The relative slenderness:

The reduction factor will be:

F d 1,47  0,723 u 0,992 0,753

The iteration stops when the reduction factor F converges.

Final values (iteration n):

and be1 32,9 mm

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

1,96 u 0,737 1,44 mm

Effective section properties of the web

20,8 1,96 10,61 50 OK

200 1,96 102,04 500 OK

0,2 0,28 0,6 OK

0,2 0,32 0,6 OK

t 2cp bp1 bp2 hp 1,96 u 2 u 19,8 72 64 198 732 mm 2

cp 2 bp2 hp hp2 2 cp2 2 t

if 0,35 bp, c bp1 d 0,6 :

0,5 0,83 3 bp, c bp1 0,35

bp, c bp1 19,8 72 0,275 0,35

1,96 u 32,9 19,8

F d 1,47 0,723 u 0,992 0,753

cp bp2 hp be1 be2 ceff F d

7,81 6,29\ 9,78\ 2

0,914 0,055 u 3 0,949

hp hc he2 198 101,6 58,5 154,9 mm

t[cp bp 2 h1 h2 be1 (be 2 ceff ) F d ]

1,96 u >19,8 64 39 154,9 32,9 35,9 19,8 u 0,737@

198 102,3 95,7 mm

be1t zc be2 ( F d t ) zc ceff ( F d t )( zc ceff 2) 2