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CAREER EPISODE 1

Introduction
CE 1.1
The project Study of Friction Factor in Pipes was done as part of my
Civil Engineering from Assam Engineering College, Guwahati, India, for
the period extending from N 200.. to J.. 20..

Chronology: N.200.. to J 20..

Name of the Organization: Assam Engineering College, Guwahati
Geographical Location: Guwahati, India
Project Title: P
Position: Student

Background
CE 1.2
The project was to develop and plan optimized pipeline for hydraulics lab
congestion due to all major industries and associate buildings.( no industries
around my college ) I along with my group mate decided to calculate
premises which was to be located within the limits as proper plan was
lacking. This project aided me in understanding the concepts of planning a
pipelines, and analysis it. It has imbibed confidence in me to do engineering
projects involving real time design and estimation.
CE 1.2.1

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CAREER EPISODE 1
In this project I have calculated friction losses of pipelines for optimized
pipeline network for Hydraulics lab in college campus. To solve the problem
during installations I have suggested excel designs( Excel design program
was made for selecting pipes based on the practical friction losses, Please if
u you could enhance it more this line ). I suggested different methods for
calculating material losses and friction losses of pipeline.
CE 1.2.2
My contribution in the project was:

To design a pipeline with optimized network for hydraulics lab.

To analyze the design and calculate the friction losses.

CE 1.2.3
I designed the pipelines network by using hydraulic design and analysis of
flow conditions in pipe networks are dependent upon estimating the friction
factor, f (please read the line again, two different sentences are mixed in an
unusual way ).The performance of its explicit formulations and those of
artificial intelligence (AI)
CE 1.2.4
I systematically planned out the network design as per standard design and
specifications which is listed below: ( please make it sure that these are the
things required for the design of pipe netwroks, I have no idea about it )

Calculation of loads.
Calculation of bending moments.
Calculation of depth.
Friction calculation.
Area requirements and spacing.
Distributors and its spacing.

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CAREER EPISODE 1

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CE 1.2.5
Hierarchy of people involved:

Head of the department

Lab assistant

Project guide

Project member

CE 1.2.6
My Roles and Responsibilities were as follows: ( please enhance this
section

it

is

all

what

have

written,

make

it

sure

the

responsibilities also linked to the new things that you have added )

Monitor network Program

Investigating and selecting a suitable pipe material.

Experimental setup of a model pipe network

Collection, calculation and analysis of the experimental data to

ascertain components influencing design discharge.

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CAREER EPISODE 1

Presenting the detailed reports of the experimental findings to

the Project guide

Preparation of a Microsoft Excel program for finding the design

discharge, size of the pipe and the pipe material properties
based on research findings.

Presentation of the detailed fact-finding report.

Preparing detailed design and structure at all level

integrating all models, finishing for network optimization.

Ensure smooth and efficient continuation of the project
through tracking and monitoring each activity as per

planned construction schedule.

Involve in preparation of presentations, plans, estimates and
design relative to the implementation of Project.

CE 1.2.7
The knowledge on subjects relating to material and network designs
came very handy in design modelling ( I have also studied
hydraulics subject, fluid mechanics if u can link them here; ); I
calculated losses and analyzed designs. I made use of drawing
softwares like AutoCAD and Catia for developing two and three
dimensional figures and simulated virtual structure with real one. I
checked with its suitability for the proposed design, its structural
strength and quality.

Personal Engineering Activity

CE 1.3
Initially

pipeline construction is composed of specific activities,

including survey and

staking of the ROW, clearing and grading,

trenching, pipe stringing, bending, welding, lowering-in, backfilling,

hydrostatic testing, tie-in, cleanup, and commissioning.

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CAREER EPISODE 1

( shouldnt the paragraph above and below be linked, paragraph

1.3.1
CE 1.3.1
Here the flow of fluid through a pipe is resisted by viscous shear stresses
within the fluid and the turbulence that occurs along the internal pipe wall,
which is dependent on the roughness of pipe material. This resistance is
termed pipe friction and is usually measured in feet or metres head of the
fluid, as it is known as head loss due to pipe friction.

CE 1.3.2
Head Loss in a Pipe is affected by a number of factors which include the
viscosity of the fluid, the size of the internal pipe diameter, the internal
roughness of the inner surface of the pipe, the change in elevation between
the ends of the pipe and the length of the pipe along which the fluid travels.
CE 1.3.3
The valves and fittings on a pipe also contribute to the overall head loss that
occurs, however these must be calculated separately to the pipe wall friction
loss, using a method of modeling pipe fitting losses with k factors.
CE 1.3.4
Here I have used Darcy Weisbach Formula as it more accurate to calculate
pipe friction losses and it is stated as standard equation for hydraulic
engineers. Weisbach first proposed the relationship that we now know as the

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CAREER EPISODE 1
Darcy-Weisbach equation or the Darcy-Weisbach formula, for calculating
friction loss in a pipe.
CE 1.3.5
I have used AI techniques which include artificial neural networks (ANNs) and
genetic programming (GP); both use the same data generated numerically
by systematically changing the values of Reynolds numbers, Re, and relative
roughness, /D , and solving the Colebrook-White equation for the value of f
by using the successive substitution method. The tests included the
transformation of Re and /D using a logarithmic scale. This study shows that
some of the explicit formulations for friction factor induce undue errors, but a
number of them have good accuracy.
CE 1.3.6
The Darcy-Weisbach hydraulic equation serves as the basis for hydraulic
design and analysis of water distribution systems, and it is expressed in
terms of pressure drop, which is a directly measurable quantity of friction.
However, the mathematical formulation of the problem includes an empirical
friction parameter, f for which the Colebrook-White equation is one wellknown implicit formulation, such that the factor appears on both sides of the
equation.
CE 1.3.7
Here I have used GP techniques ( what is GP techniques?? ) also as it is
considered for robust applications of optimization algorithms and represent
one way of mimicking natural selection. These techniques derive a set of
mathematical

expressions

to

describe

the

relationship

between

the

independent and dependent variables using such operators as mutation,

recombination (or crossover), and evolution.
CE 1.3.8

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CAREER EPISODE 1
In smooth pipes, friction factor f depends only on Re, the calculation are
performed using different methods and tests. I calculated the head losses
and flow. The energy loss due to friction in Newtonian liquids flowing in a
pipe is usually calculated with the Darcy-Weisbach equation, as follows.

CE 1.3.9
I have used Moody Chart ( I have prepared charts myself by setting up an
experimental model , based on that values were extracted for the design
program; if u think it needs to be mentioned or if u find it unnecessary then
dont include ) to provide final method of finding an accurate friction factor
and this encouraged use of the Darcy-Weisbach equation , which quickly
became the method of choice for hydraulic engineers ( what is the link of this
line to my project ?). Based on all calculations of head loss and friction
loses I have decided the pipeline material and designed optimized
pipeline network.

CE 1.3.10
Technical problems encountered:
Initially, my project was fail due to improper calculations of friction losses
in pipeline network selection.

To resolve the issue, I have calculated losses using all methods

of friction losses and selected the best methods for calculating
losses effectively and precisely by using technical manuals
provided by our project guide. Finally, I resolved the issue and
completed the project successfully.

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CAREER EPISODE 1
( can u please add some more points to the technical difficulty
part and enhance it so that it shows some major content of the
project that I did )

CE 1.3.11
The project work was completed within the given time with proper
coordination with various departments. The entire work was done in the best
workmanship

manner

like

strictly

observing

International

standard

specifications. I shared good rapport with the all team members. I was
involved with prepared reports

and sent to higher management. (check

grammar )
CE 1.3.12
I was responsible for information flow and direction of the project and felt the
tasks must be delegated enough since the timeframe given for the project
was too short. Therefore, I decided to divide my project work into
various phases like planning stage, implementation stage and
execution phase so as to complete in the given time frame. I use s
share good rapport with my team members. ( repetitive line as in
the previous paragraph, please change it to something different; if
required add some more to it )
CE 1.4

Summary
The experience gained through practical application of the engineering
subjects and an

advantage of on-site encounter with real work problems

has helped me to gain clear perspective on the theoretical concept. It

emboldened my ability to analyze the situation and evaluate its pros and

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CAREER EPISODE 1
cons to make sound decision and to get precise solution for the changes or
request made by the client.
CE 1.4.1
Working on this project was beneficial for me as I learnt a lot in terms of the
analysis and design modeling of the structures. I was able to overcome
numerous problems arising on site. Solving the problems gave boost to my
managerial and technical skills in all aspects of designing, planning and
execution of large projects. Working on this project was an extremely rich
experience. My project guide, Management and team members were utmost
happy for the services I have rendered them during this project.

On the

whole it was a great learning experience as well as a productive output from

me as I not only met my prescribed goals but also exceeded them.
(here u have mentioned about the site experience but not much written
about the site; also in the report please add some more of MY work.
Please go through the changes and also add some more content to it )