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aflatoxin contamination
in value chains
Contribution of GIZ
Bruno Schuler
15.03.2016
Slide 1
Content
1. Background: Food losses, issue of aflatoxin, challenges, abbreviations
followed by GIZ project activities:
2. Promotion of value chains and reduction of risk of aflatoxin
contamination: by the Green Innovation Centres for the Agriculture and
Food Sector, commissioned by BMZ Special Initiative
ONEWORLD No Hunger!.
3. Further (planned) activities to reduce post-harvest losses and possible
aflatoxin contamination: by various projects worldwide
4. Aflasafe technology in Zambia: Upscaling and dissemination in other
countries in Africa: by IITA/CGIAR - CCAFS, GIZ/ITAACC, Bill&Melinda
Gates Foundation, USDA, PACA and other partners
5. Aflatoxin risk assessment as part of the Rapid Food Loss Assessment
Tool (RLAT): by Sector Project Sustainable Agriculture (SV NAREN)
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Slide 2
Aflatoxin - Background
FAO estimates that one third of all food produced around the world is lost before
it reaches our plates. Losses and waste occur at every level of the value chain
Around a quarter of the world food crops as well as worlds grain harvest may be
contaminated with mycotoxins (FAO)
Most severely affected countries are those located between the 40th northern and
the 40th southern lines of latitude
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Slide 3
Biological causes
Mechanical
causes
Aflatoxin
Food
Losses
Quantitative
losses
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Qualitative
losses
Slide 4
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Slide 5
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Slide 6
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Slide 7
Activities of GIZ
2. Promotion of value chains with risk of aflatoxin contamination
and reduction of risk of aflatoxin contamination:
by the Green Innovation Centres for the Agriculture and Food
Sector (GIAE),
commissioned by BMZ Special Initiative ONEWORLD No
Hunger!.
Projects in Benin (rice, soya), Burkina Faso (rice), Cameroon
(poultry), Ethiopia (wheat, beans), Ghana (maize, rice) Kenya (milk),
Malawi (groundnuts, soya, sunflower), Mali (rice), Nigeria (rice,
maize), Togo (groundnuts, soya), Tunisia (milk, meat), Zambia (soya,
groundnuts, milk)
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Slide 9
TUN
IND
BUR
MLI
JME
ETH
NIG
GHA
KAM
KMB
SOM
TGO
BEN
KEN
SAM
MWL
Global Programmes:
Food and nutrition security, enhanced resilience
Innovation Centres for the agriculture and food sector
Soil protection and rehabilitation for food security
Seite 10
Malawi
- Provision of aflatoxin management training services
- Provision of diagnostic services
- Integrated aflatoxin management along the whole value chain
- Storage of aflatoxin-free products through improved drying technologies
and warehouse management practices
Togo
- Establishing of a national lab for aflatoxin analysis
- Extension towoards prevention of contamination during production and
post-harvest activities
Zambia
- Control and reduction of aflatoxin during production, storage and
processing
Activities of GIZ
3. Further (planned) activities to reduce post-harvest losses and
possible aflatoxin contamination:
by various projects
commissioned by BMZ
Projects in
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Slide 13
Aflatoxin in Zambia
Aflatoxin levels (ppb) in maize
District
Range
Mean
0.7 108.8
15.1
69.2
30.8
3.3
85.7
14.3
0.0 255.0
55.1
10.0
80.0
Nyimba
0.0 81.4
16.6
60.0
33.3
Petauke
0.1 103.2
17.5
73.3
20.0
Chipata
Katete
Mambwe
0.0 10.9
*As
Aflatoxin in Zambia
Aflatoxin levels (ppb) in
District
Range
Chipata
0.4 3435
Lundazi
0.7 310
Mambwe
1.1 5234
Mean
176.5
28.6
53.6
63.6
15.8
68.4
523.3
10.0
80.0
Nyimba
1.4 376
76.0
33.3
55.6
Petauke
1.7 775
147.3
13.3
66.6
*As
Aflasafe
Aflatoxin (ppb)
14
84%
reduction
74%
reduction
160
12
140
10
120
89%
reduction
96%
reduction
100
Control
80
Treated
60
4
40
20
0
2012/2013
2013/2014
Maize
www.iita.org
A member of CGIAR consortium
2012/2013
2013/2014
Groundnut
Nigeria
Rwanda
The
Gambia
Uganda
Burkina
Faso
Kenya
Ghana
Burundi
Tanzania
Malawi
Zambia
Mozambique
Strain
development in
progress
Products under
testing in
farmers fields
Product ready
for registration
Product
registered
Kenya
Biocontrol efforts
www.aflasafe.com
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Slide 23
Aflatoxin assessment
Rapid Loss Assessment Tool (RLAT) for agribusiness value chains
contains a part for aflatoxin risk assessment
Tool developed by the Sector Project Sustainable Agriculture in
cooperation with project in Ghana
Publications: user guide for maize (2015), toolbox (2016), case study of
maize in Ghana (2016)
The tool can be applied for food loss and aflatoxin risk assessment in
crop value chains in cooperation with projects.
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Slide 24
Integrating the aflatoxin risk into the Rapid Food Loss Appraisal Tool
Aflatoxin checklist:
Points of increased risk for aflatoxin contamination along the production to
consumption chain
Risk evaluated as percentage of positive responses
List has to be specifically conceived for every commodity
Bio-physical measurements:
Indication of aflatoxin risk via number of discoloured grains (which has no direct
relationship with aflatoxin, but indicates a higher risk)
Use of blue-light as aflatoxin indicator not successful high rate of
instrumentation needed in the field, including access to power
Laboratory testing is too lengthy and complicated (sampling!) for RLAT, but
should be recommended as a follow up if a high risk has been detected by the
number of discoloured grains
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Slide 25
Page 26
Production
Production
Sale to local
market
Contaminated
livestock products
Market loss
Reduced milk
productivity
Livestock disease
burden
Reduced prices of
products
Discarded products
Human health
impact
Disease burden
Reduced
productivity
Market loss
Supply shortage
Discarded Grain
Litigation
Human health
impact
Sale to trader
Quality standards
not met
Export
Own consumption
Human health
impact
Disease burden
Reduced
productivity
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