Light Waves and Matter Read from Lesson 2 of the Light Waves and Color chapter at The Physics Classroom: http://www physiesclassroom.com/Class/light/u1212a.html MOP Connection: _Lightand Color: sublevel 1 1. _Aligh waveis an electromagnet wave which has both an elec and magnetic component testated with Elecromagnetc wave are fen daingultbed frm neGhanical waves-The distinction i baoed on the fac that elctomagnetie waves tenn navel Gvough materiale and mechani waves cant mins rangeffequenccrand mechanical waves exit with only certain frequencies Simian ith agin vik af mater and esha ave cnet Aicctromagneis waver cannot anspor enegy and mechanical waves can anspor energy ©: elecromagnetc waveshave an inate speed sod mechanical waves haven fil speed 2, Consider the diagram below. It represents the beginnings of an electromagnetic spectrum below. Complete the diagram by labeling the following regions: ultraviolet, infrared, x-ray, radio wave, ‘Short & Lowt Hight Img & 3. Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest frequency? GAMM pr 4, Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength? R010 5, Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum will travel with the fastest speed? Put SAME SPED = 3x108%/s 6, Itis known that electromagnetic waves with longer wavelengths have a greater ability to bend around obstacles that get in their path. This ability to bend around obstacles is referred to as, diffraction. Electromagnetic waves with strong diffraction properties are used in communication. Which two regions of the spectrum have the greatest ability to diffract? RADIO 7 MICRO 7, Itis known that electromagnetic waves with high frequency are more capable of causing damage to the organs of living things. Which two regions of the spectrum have the tendency to cause the sreatest damage to humans? XRAY 4 GAMMA — Uv too! © The Physics Classroom, 2009 PagetLight and Color Light that the human eye is capable of detecting is known as visible light. There is a range of frequencies that the eye can detect, Various frequencies are observed as different colors. The diagram below represents the range or spectrum of visible light frequencies labeled with their respective colors. Inftared [Red Ozange Yellow Gren Blue _Indign Violet | Ultraviolet 8, Which color of the visible light spectrum has the highest frequency? VIOLET 9. Which color of the visible light spectrum has the longest wavelength? ReaD 10, Light and material objects always interact in one way or another. When light is incident on some ‘materials, itis transmitted through the material. For instance, visible light is transmitted through Giants ote ete hak Cofansparet opaque 11. Other materials absorb and/or reflect light only. They do not allow light to pass through it. Such Pater resid tobe 12, Some material objects are transparent to certain forms of electromagnetic waves but opaque to other forms. Earth's atmosphere is an example. The atmosphere allows visible light to pass through it, ‘Much of the more damaging portion ofthe ultraviolet spectrugy is blocked by a thin layer of ozone in the stratosphere. ‘The atmospherg is said tobe (ransparent, opaque) to veible light but CPA QUE (transparent, opaque) to ultraviolet light. 13, As light passes through transparent objects, the speed at which it travels is the same speed as it ravels through ait om than the speed at which it ravels through air greater than the speed at which it travels Ohrough air (© The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page2Light and Color Name: e Polarization Read from Lesson 1 of the Light Waves and Color chapter at The Physics Classroom: http:/Iwww,physicselassroom.com/Class/light/u12M1e.html MOP Connection: —_Lightand Color: sublevel 2 1. When a light wave vibagjes in a variety of di the light is said to be_ a. transverse elaacd eal 2. When a light wave's age(solated to a single plane, the light is said to be __, ezalehimees lactis ee 3. A Polaroid filter polarize ight by Te-orionting all he wave vibrations such fat they vibrate ina single plane C@proding ‘part of the vibrations while letting through those that are in‘a specific plane 4. Filters allow light to pass through. Polaroid filters are very selective about the orientation of the light vibrations that are allowed! through. The light that passes through a Polaroid filter is vibrating ina direction thatis atalle| othe orientation ofthe molecules which make up the alignment ex to the polarization axis or transmission axis of the filter, parallel to the ceiling or the sky (if the source of lights on the eeing or inthe sky) &. Slways horizontal, regardless of what the light source is parallel to each other. Describe the intensity and Light the orientation of the emerging light. AM Nignt wit] vibrate Verhicol 6. Describe the result of shining light through two Polarizing titers whose tanemision axes are Uaplarized > perpendicular to each other. Deseribe the Tight co intensity and the orientation of the emerging light. Light will nok pass throug. ‘Anis 7. Passing light through a Polaroid filter is not the only way that unpolarized light can be polarized. Lights also polarized when it reflects off non-metallic surfaces. When light reflects off nonmetallic surfaces such as glass, water, ora road surface, the light is partly polarized, The reflected light sists of waves that are vibrating mostly ___ to the reflecting surface allel . perpendicular 8, Garson Busses is driving down the road on a sunny day. Reflection of light off the road surface results in a large amount of polarization and a subsequent glare. Annoyed by the glare, Carson pulls out his Polaroid sunglasses. How must the axes of polarization be oriented in order to block the glare? (Note: the lines on the filters below represent the axis of polarization.) Opa” *6e 60” Ge” © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page3Light and Color Name: (4 Reflection, Transmission and Color Read from Lesson 2 of the Light Waves and Color chapter at The Physics Classroom: bltps/www.physieselassroom.com/Class/light/u12I2a.htma Inip:/wwew.physieselassroom.com/Classlight/u1212b.html blpy/wewwr physiesclassroom.com/Class/light/wl2I2c.html 1. Visible light is composed of a range of wavelengths, different wavelengths correspond to different sep Identify the seven compogent colors of visible light. V oO i \ 2, Natural philosophers have long pondered the underlying reasons for color in nature, One common historical belief ‘was that colored objects in nature produce small particles (perhaps light particles) that subsequently reach our eyes. Different objects produce different colored particles, thus contributing to their different appearance. Is this belief secuate orhot? ow fusiy your answer. Different A 2f associated wy (olor the color that an opaque object appears is dependent upon what color(s) of light incident upon the Jobject and the color{s) of light reflected by the object. Express your understanding of this principle by filling in the blanks in the following diagrams. Mhaminated with een Mluminated with minated with Reftects Lo eel minated » rentects Aece Lot Paper capable Paper capable of absorbing of absorbing RoYBIV oveBiv Muminated with periects thing Muminated vith Reflects Ree + nae. and meveawy He he wale “Black rea Nuae eo Paper capable Paper capable SP tiserking wT tasarkng raven vow © The Physics Classroom, 2009 PagesLight and Color 4, ‘Two students in the cafeteria are discussing the physics of color. The students are claiming that it and black are not really colors of light then ‘hate ey? Spada cena call” Absence E> of gph (For prymet.. ail A abser be) 5. Explain why red shist looks red when visible light (‘ROYGBIV") shines upon it. Reflects red... all other A Gbsubed! Transparent materials are materials that allow one or more of the colors of visible light to be transmitted through them whatever color(s) is/are not transmitted by such objects, are typically abeorbed by them. The appearance ofa transparent objec is dependent upon what color) of ight is/are incident upon the object and what color(s) of light is/are transmitted through the objec. Express your understanding ofthis principle by continuing the arrow(s) for any transmitted color(s) and filling in the blanks in the following diagrams. + <-90<07n Pigment capable Pigment capable Pigment capable of absorbing of absorbing of absor! ROvBIV RovIV YobIv Appears test Appears Red. Jorange, Pigment capabl Pigment capable Pigment capable i of absorbing of absorbing of absorbing Appears Ean Appears Mages. poneore Reh 7. What color} of visible light will a cyan (bluish-green) pair of sunglasses, a. transmit? Cte a =C ee Fy “Somat +8 = (yon gery Royiv (aitothers) © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page 6Light and Color Name: Color Addition and Subtraction Read from Lesson 2 of the Light Waves and Color chapter at The Physics Classroom: _http:/www.physicsclassrbom.com/Class/light/u12124.html http/www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/light/u1212e.htm! MOP Connection: _Lightand Color: sublevels 3 and 4 1. White lightis observed when light of ‘wavelengths strike the retina 2. Primary colors of light are three colors of light which when mixed together produce white light There are many different sets of primary light colors. Interestingly enough, the eye contains three types of color sensors (nerve cells) that sense the entre span ofthe visible light spectrum. Each of the tree types of cells senses a range of colors; yet they are most sensitive toa specific ight color. The most common set of three primary light colors are those that correspond tothe three colors that the nerve cells are most sensitive to. What are these three primary colors? 3. By combining pairs of these three primary colors in equal intensity, one can produce the secondary colors of light. State the pairs and the secondary colors they produce. Then fill in the color wheel to the right. Red «Blue mate Green «Blue mare_Lgan Red «Green make 4, Two lights are arranged above a white sheet of paper. When the BL: lights are turned on they illuminate the entire sheet of paper (as aN seen in the diagram atthe right). Each light bull emits a primary color of light red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Depending on which primary color of light is used, the paper will appeara different color. Express your understanding of color addition by determining the color that the sheet of paper will appear in the diagrams below. RG Paper appears: Paper appears aper appears © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page7Light and Color 5. Complementary colors of light are combinations of two light colors that can be mixed together in ‘equal intensities to produce white light. Thus, the complementary color of a... ted light is in light. b. . green lightis Tight cw bhuelightis__ YC)FOW tight 6, The Rule of Color Subtraction: An understanding of complementary colors assists in tunderstending the color appearanct of objects when viewed under whit Lg, SRSA Ifan object absorbs cyan light, then it wil appear as red. Conversely, an object that appears as red is an object that absorbs cyan light. Use these ideas to complete the following statements. When viewed under white light (RGB), a lightand reflec: @0 a light, b. light and reflect - QYeen. Light, ¢. «blue shirt will absorb Yel low (G light and reflect _ light 4. cyan shirt will absorb” ek lightand vetee CYga (BE) righ e. will absorb. preen light and refle R46) light, f, «yellow shirt will absorb We tight and reflect light. «black shirt will absorb __ Al |r lightand reflect_- NO light. 7. Express your understanding of complementary colors and the rule of color subtraction by. completing the following three diagrams, White light (red-green-blue) is shown incident on a sheet of paper thats painted witha pigment that absorbs one ofthe primary colors of light, For each diagram, label the color ofthe two reflected colors and label the color that the paper appears. RG Ro RKB RB 6B 6S YA es Blue ars Green Absorbs Red Appears Appears a Appears a 8, The mathematics of color has litle to do with numbers and much to do with the addition and subtraction of colors. The addition of two colors of light results in a new color. Use the color witeel atthe right and the concept f of complementary colors to complete the following color equations. (W = white; Re red; Ge green; B= blue; C= cyan; M= magenta; Y= yeliow) ARG + vR+p= M_ eG+p= © ak ec eG+M= W Lpey= W_ ewer i hw-ce M_ iwea- Y jwec= RK kWw-M= & | Lw-y= 8 mw-R-C- BK nw-c-5- © ow-m-c- Blu (Ar6tB)-R~ (G18) (Areré) -@-B (BYE FB) — (RB) -~ 6 (© The Physics Classroom, 2009 PagesLight and Color Name: ‘Viewed in Another Light Read from Lesson 2 of the Light Waves and Color chapter at The Physics Classroom: itp ewer physicslassroom.com/Classtight/s12124.html httpulwww:physicsclasstoom.com/Classlight/ai2Ize-htmn MOP Connection: Light and Color: sublevel 5 Weare accustomed to viewing the world in white light. In effect, the light incident upon the objects we normally view can be simplified as a mixture of red, green and blue light (RGB). But the rules of color addition and subtraction are not limited by the restriction that white light is incident upon the object being viewed. After all, an object is often times illuminated by light other than white light, For example, theaters and concerts often illuminate the siage with red light or eyan light or any combination of two or more light colors. Determining the color appearance of such objects demands that you first identify what color(s) of incident light will be subtracted (ie, absorbed), and then deduet the appearance of the object from those colors which are reflected. In the diagrams below, several sheets of paper are illuminated by different primary colors of light (R for red, B for blue, and G for green), Indicate what primary colors of light will be reflected. (Note that red paper is defined as paper that appears red when viewed under white light.) RG Ofeen Ske Sy \ green ap gets 8) wtignt Sy Cyan Paper james Pagel \yetow raped, ve ue Blue RG hed. Bs se geen Qeiane Light Xuiont 4 Mow Pap Fagenta Pape Hagents raped K Glue rec green Different color light sources are shone on different colored sheets of paper. Consider which colors of light would reflect ofthe paper in order to determine the color tats observed. Tight color Paper cok Color observed a Yellow _ RH} Green_| 48. Green b. Magenta R48 Blue _| Yee Biue « Cyan__ BH rea |G2[ Black 4. Yellow _ RH Cyan | R Green . Magenta Rib Green Black ' f Cyan Bt] Magenta] © Biye © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page 9Light and Color Name: Pigments and Paints alex Read from Lesson 2 of the Light Waves and Color chapter at The Physics Classroom: Ittp:/www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/light/u12I2d.html http:/Iwww.physicsclassroom.com/Class/light/ai2I2e.html MOP Connection: _Lightand Color: sublevels 6,7, and 8 1A primary pigment or paint isa chemical dye thai imparted to an abject an i capable of absorbing a single primary color of light. The three primary pigments are cyan (C), magenta (M) and yellow (Y). By mixing these colors an artist ean ereate any color by only having three different colors of paint. List the color of light that is. slang ben. piney at Ab Suro com Plimentary Magenta absorbs Gf@2M Cyan absorbs _ Kee Yellow absorbs Blue. 2 What paint colors could be used to paint a boy if he has pink (magenta) skin, blue jeans, a blue and yellow sweater, a black and white baseball cap, cyan socks and red sneakers? (Now thats “styling. Coto Paint Colors Pink skin, magenta Blue jeans Magen Cyan Yellow part of sweater Yellow Black part of sweater Yellow Cyan ,magent Black part of cap Yellow, Cuda, Maden be White part of cap no (awit ‘Cyan socks | cyan Red sneakers Madén fe + Yellen 3. Suppose that you and a friend are starting to get litle carried away with your enthusiasm for the physics of color (a very understandable situation). Rather than seeking professional help, you begin Giscussing the colors of your favorite NFL teams uniforms in terms ofthe primary pigments that have been imparted to each item, What pigment colors must be imparted to each part of a uniform for it to appear as shown in the table below? [ Uniform Part] Color Appearance | Tmparted Pigments Helmet Yellow Yeilow Shirt Blue Magenta # (yan Pants Yellow Yo tloa Socks White No pigments Shoes Black Yetlowtyan Mage) 4. Color printers use the three primary pigments as ink colors in order to produce the range of colors on a colored image. Baxter Nachur recently completed his science report on the Birds of Brazil. The image atthe right ‘was included on his cover page. Identify the pigments which were used by the printey fo create the... ‘Absorb eke ‘Blue 7 As et J ings: Yello Magentey.... cyan breast: _CYan c-bhuehody: Cyunt gente a, green tai Yellow’ & Cyun Absorb Re @ ight. Oyen Hage Albserle R 26 ghh », Cypn + Yellow © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page 11