Steven

Tsay

Ap us gov
3/19/2016
Chapter 13 outline

Bureaucracy is an inevitable consequence of complexity and scale

Bureaucrats naturally take an agency point of view seeking to promote
their agencys programs and power
Although agencies are subject to oversight by the president, congress, and
the judiciary, bureaucrats exercise considerable power in their own right
1) Bureaucracy increase in strength, especially after new deal were alto for
government agency propped up as governments role get bigger

2)
a) Federal agency types
i) Cabinet- leading unites
(1) Headed by secretaries except department of justice
(2) Semi autonomous agencies, responsible for different policy areas
ii) Independent agencies
(1) Report to president, but not part of cabinet
(a) A new category that isnt really part of anything or for other reason
(i) Cia, NASA etc
iii) Regulatory agencies
(1) Legislative and judicial function

(a) Develop rules and impose fines

iv) Governmental corporation
(1) Corporations that receive funding and present and senate direct
policies
(a) Federal deposit insurance corporation
v) Presidential commissions: advice to presidents
(1) Some only last as long as the advice is needed
b) Federal employment
i) Merit system- based on skills, some determined by exams or training
(1) Office of personnel management, merit service protection board
(2) Established by Pendleton act to prevent corruption
ii) Patronage system- I scratch your back you scratch mine

iii)
iv) Graded Service job ranking
(1) Lowest GS-1, highest GS-15 (college graduates: GS-5, masters degree:
GS-9
(2) Salaries increase with rank and length of service)
v) Underpaid in comparison to general jobs, but a lot more benefits
vi) Can form labor unions, but not really effective, government has set
guidelines
(1) Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 prohibits strikes by federal employees and
permits the firing of striking workers
(2) Hatch Act of 1939 prohibits federal workers from holding key jobs in
election campaigns
c) The budgetary process- annual federal spending made
i) The president and agency budgets
(1) President with office of management and budget come up with the
general guidelines ( NOT CONGRESS!!!)
(2) Spring December
(3) 33% can change, others are already committed
(4) Usually budget stays generally the same
ii) Congress and the acency budgets

(1) Congress can vote to pass the plan or not

(a) Goes into House Appropriations Committee, and goes to each of 13
subcommittees, can increase/decrease budget as it sees fit, then is
reviewed by House Appropriations Committee as a whole
(b) Senate repeats process
(2) Once approves by both houses, goes back to president to sign or veto
3) Democracy and bureaucratic accountability
a) Bureaucracy not ass accountable to public, job pretty stable, too large for
direct oversight
b) Appointee may be experienced only there for around 2 years, not efficient
management
i) Congress delegated much of its oversight responsibility to the
Government Accountability Office (GAO)
(1) Keep track of agency spending, monitor whether agencies are
implementing policies in the way that Congress intended, when not,
notifies appropriate congressional committees, and they take
corrective action
(2) Sunset provisions: timed limit of laws of agencies
c) Self accountability : Senior Executive Service
i) SES bureaucrats cant be fired, can rejoin ranks of civil service
ii) Act as a bridge between regular and president assigned agency
iii) Administrative law judges- cheap quick, informal
d) Whistleblowing: the act of reporting instances of official mismanagement
i) Whistleblower Protection Act: give money to whistleblowers
e) Presidents Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity

f)