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1.
1. .
2.
, .
( )
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? (Did God Have a Wife?: Archaeology and Folk Religion in
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, .
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.
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DVD- (.). . David and Solomon: In Search of
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e?cid= 1167467747621&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull.
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11. Ibid., p. 118.
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Archaeological Sources (Leiden and Boston: Brill Academic Publishers, 2000).
13. Thompson, ibid, p. 403.
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cal Past with Introduction by John McCarthy, (Leicester UK: Ulverscroft
Large Print Books, 2003, and Bargain Books, 2004).
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16. Sturgis, ibid, p. 88.
17. Sturgis, ibid, p. 161.
18. Sturgis, ibid, pp. 5; 6-7.
19. Sturgis, ibid, p. 12.
321

20. Michael D. Coogan, The Old Testament: A Historical and Literary Introduc
tion to the Hebrew Scriptures (Oxford UK: Oxford University Press, 2006),
p. 11.
. Answers In Genesis
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22. Coogan, ibid., p. 256.
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, 23 2008 . (Constitution Article III, Section 15);

.
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Old Testament (Grand Rapids MI: Baker, 2005).
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ration and Incarnation by Peter Enns, Journal of the Evangelical Theological
Society (June, 2006). -: http://
www.etsjets.org/files/JETS-PDFs/49/49-2/JETS_49-2__287-312_Beale.pdf.
Peter Enns, Response to G. K. Beale s Review Article of Inspiration and
Incarnation, Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society (June, 2006).
-: http://www.etsjets.org/files/
JETS-PDFs/49/49-2/JETS_49-2_313-326_Enns.pdf.
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, .
. ,
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.
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Malware Grew by 100% during 2007. Press release. http://www.f-secure.
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Knowledge, translated by Geoff Benington and Brian Massumi (Minneapolis
MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1984), p. 82.
: .-. . - .:
. C -.: , 1998.
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edited by John Cornwell (Oxford UK: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 132.
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. ,
. -
,

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8. Edward J. Larson and Larry Wuthan, Scientists are still Keeping the Faith,
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: 1 )
, ; 2)
,
. . Weltanschau
ung, . ,
.
: , ,
, , , .

; , ,
- .
323

. Norman L. Geisler, Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics (Grand

Rapids MI: Baker Academic, 2005), pp. 785-787.

. , :
- ,
( ).
(James W. Sire, The Universe Next Door (Downers Grove, III: InterVarsity,
1988), p. 17). , - ,
-, , -,
. , -
(W. Gary Phillips and William E. Brown, Making Sense
of Your World (Chicago: Moody Press, 1991), p. 29).
10. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/12/05/eveningnews/main5908487.
shtml.

4,
1. http:/ / www.evangelical.edu/index.php ?option=com__content&task=view&
id=76dtemid=10.
2. : Postmodern Challenges to
the Bible, by Amy Orr-Ewing in Ravi Zacharias, author and editor, Beyond
Opinion: Living the Faith we Defend (Nashville TN: Thomas Nelson, 2007),
pp. 3-20.
3. C m. Douglas Groothuis, Truth Decay: Defending Christianity Against the
Challenges of Postmodernism (Inter-Varsity, 2000).
4. , , ,
, .
, ,
, ,
, , -
.
5. 1920- .
;
(
, , ).
,
,
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324

7. http://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Focus/Whatishistory/index.html.
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House, 1973) p.71.
: . , .
. - C -.: , 2002.
10. . : Diogenes Allen, Christian Belief in a Postmodern World: The
Full Wealth of Conviction (Westminster John Knox Press, 1989); David
S. Dockery, The Challenge of Postmodernism (Baker Book House, 2001);
Millard J. Erickson, Postmodernizing the Faith: Evangelical Responses to
the Challenge o f Postmodernism (Baker Book House, 1998); Dennis McCallum, general editor, The Death of Truth:Responding to Multiculturalism,
the Rejection of Reason, and the New Postmodern Diversity (Baker Book
House, 1996); and Timothy R. Phillips, and Dennis Okholm, eds. Christian
Apologetics in the Postmodern World (Inter-Varsity, 1995).
11. ,
( ,
).
?,
. ,
, ,
.
, .
12. Frances Schaeffer, How Should We Then Live: The Rise and Decline of Western
Thought and Culture (Old Tappen NJ: Fleming H. Revell, 1976), p. 121.
13. Schaeffer, ibid, pp. I44ff.
- (1905-1980).
14. ( ) -
, ,
.
, , ,
, .
.
.
- ,
, , .
15. 1968 . ,
.
. ,
325

.
,
;
,
.
.
,
.
, .
, ,
. ,
, ;
, , .
16. Alex Callinicos, Against Postmodernism: A Marxist Critique (University
of York, 1990). http://www.polity.co.uk/book.asp?ref=9780745606l49.
17. - ,
.
(1948),
(1946), (1943), (1946), -
(1932/1959) - (1923).
18. Naomi Shepherd, The Zealous Intruders: The Western Rediscovery of
Palestine (London: Collins, 1987), p.13.

. 1963 . ,

- .
, . -
,
. XVIII ,
,
;
*
( . - . .).
19. Schaeffer, Francis A. How Should We Then Live: The Rise and Decline of Wes
tern Thought and Culture (Old Tappen NJ: Fleming H. Revell, 1976), p. 211.
20. Colin Brown, Philosophy & the Christian Faith (Downers Grove IL: InterVarsity, 1979), p. 284.
2 1 . C m . D o Hard Things: A Teenage Rebellion Against Low Expectations by
Alex and Brett Harris, Multnomah Press, 2008.
326

- - -
www.TheRebelution.com
. ( , ,
.)
,
- .
,
-
. (. : Start Here: Doing Hard Things
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5. ?
1. , ,
, .
2. , ,
.
3. ,
.
.
4. Halley, Henry . Halley s Bible Handbook: An Abbreviated Bible Commentary
(Grand Rapids MI: Zondervan, 1962), p. 7. -
.
5-. Halley, Ibid.
6. Halley, ibid, p. 154.
7. Halley, ibid, p. 156.
8. , (19521961). ,
, .
9. Unger, Merrill Unger s Bible Handbook: An Essential Guide to Understanding
the Bible (Chicago: Moody Press, 1966), p. 160.
10.
. ,
, .
, , .

6 .0 ,

1.
.
327

2.

3.

4.

5.

.
. , ,
,
. ,
, .
: A Test of Time: The Bible from Myth to His
tory. : Pharaohs and Kings: A Biblical
Quest (New York: Crown Publishers, 1995).
,
(
200-350 ). ,
,
300-350 , , BICANE,
200 .

. , ,
, -
.
, , ,
.
2004 .
:
?.
(-, ). CM.www.stretchproductions.com/
RohlProducts.html.
David . Rohl, Pharaohs and Kings: A Biblical Quest. (New York: Crown
Publishers, 1995). :
A Test of Time: The Bible from Myth to History.

7.
1. (1903-1950)
.

. ,
,
. .
: (1945),
( : .
328

2.
3.
4.

5.

6.

7.
8.

), 1 9 8 4 ( 1949),
( :
),
. News:
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/americas/7878580.stm.
. http://www.usnews.com/blogs/mideast-watch/2009/01/30/iransahmadinejad-endorses-another-holocaust-denial-conference.html.
. : The new anti-Semitism: is Europe in grip
of worst bout of hatred since the Holocaust?
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/nov/25/thefarright.politics.
28 2008 , ,

, .
,
. ,
.
, , , ,
. ,
, , , .
.
http://www.ees.ac.uk/about-us/history.html.
, - ,
, ,
.
- ,

-, .
,
, ,
.

8.
1. (13:47-59)
, ,
. ,
.
, , (14:33-48),
, ,
.
329

, ,
.
2. - ,
.
,
, (
).
3. Rohl, Pharaohs and Kings, p. 119.
4.
: Shoshenq and Shishak: A Case of Mistaken Identity in: Catastrophism & Chronology Review (C&CReview, formerly SISReview) VIII
(1987), pp. 39-42.
JA CF VI (1992/1993), . 19-32.
5. Rohl, Ibid, . 135.
6. . 7 ,
.
.
7. , - , , .
. Rohl, Pharaohs and Kings, pp. 164-165.
8. .
- ,
- .
9. ,
, ,
, , ,
, , ,
.
, ,
, , ,
.
.
(, .)
10. , 29.
11. ,
- ,
: The Name Shishak, JA CF 8 (1999),
pp. 22-25 and, The Name Shishak - An Update JA C F 10 (2005), pp. 8 and
42. Tektonics.org,

330

(Is hishak Equal to Shoshenq?) ,

,
. . http://www.tektonics.org/qt/shishkabob.html.
12. . , 11.
13. Moshe Garsiel, Biblical Names - A Literary Study of Midrashic Derivations
and Puns (Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University Press, 1987).
14. . JACF,
, , .
15. JACF.
16. , : 1.350,
,
,
: 1278,1253,1228 1203 . . .
, ,
-
, 300 .
17. . : Peter James, et al., Centuries of Darkness, ibid, pp. 220-259.
.
18. ,
. - ,
(
) ,
, .
I (305-285 . . .),
.
19. Rohl, Pharaohs and Kings, pp. 43-60.
20. . : Rohl, Pharaohs and Kings,
pp. 62-80.
21. Rohl, Pharaohs and Kings, p. 107. . :
Rohl, ibid, pp. 9107.
22. ,
.
, III
III. , (. 1:8)
III, I. ,
I . ,
, ,
(11:10),
(. . )
331

. , , , (. . 15:13-15).
,
.
( ) ,
II, ( )
. ,
, ,
( - ).
23. - , .
24. . van der Veen, . Theis, . Gorg, Israel in Canaan: (Long) Before Pharaoh
Merenptah? in Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 2:3 (2010).
25. M. Gorg, Israel in Hieroglyhen, in Biblische Notizen (2001), pp. 21-27.
26. ,
,
, ,
.
27. ,
, , -, -
. . Pharaohs and Kings, pages 327-368.
,

. . John Bimson, A Chronology for the Middle Kingdom and
Israels Egyptian Bondage, SISReview III (1978/79), pp. 64-69.
28. ,
.
III
. (
, , ). ,
,
, . . John Bimson,
A Chronology for the Middle Kingdom and Israels Egyptian Bondage - II,
SISReview IV (1979), pp. 11-18. . Rohl, ibid, pp. 25289.
29. ., : John Bimson, Exodus and Conquest - Myth or Reality?
Can Archaeology Provide the Answer ?JA CF 2 (1988), pp. 27-40; IIB and
not IIB? A Critique of David Rohls Setting for the Exodus and Conquest,
JA CF 10 (2005), pp. 69-77,92. : Rohl, ibid., pp. 263-273.
30. ,
, Redating the Exodus and
332

Conquest (Sheffield: Almond Press, 1978). ,

(1550 . . . )
. 1400 . . .
,
, .
31. , II ( ). CoD
,
. ,
.
,
,
1200 . . . ,
(1000-930 . . .).
32. - BICANE,
, ., : R. G. Morkot,
The Black Pharaoh - Egypts Nubian Rulers (London: The Rubicon Press,
2000). ,
.
33. (BICANE)
Gottinger Miszellen (GM)
Zeitschrift fur Agyptische Sprache (ZAS) (, GM 163,167,170,
173,175,177,179,181,184,199,211; ZAS 132,134 .)
34. ( CoD)
. : www.centuries.co.uk.

9. , !
1. Eilat Mazar, The Complete Guide to the Temple Mount Excavations (Bar
Ilan University Press, Ramat-Gan: Israel, 2002). (
.) - ,
- .
.: . Mazar, The City of Da
vid Excavations 2005 at the Visitors Center Area (Jerusalem: Shalem Press,
2005); The Palace of King David - Excavations at the Summit of the City of
David - Preliminary Report of Seasons 2005-2007 (Jerusalem: Shoham Aca
demic Research and Publication, 2009).
2. .
(Reclaiming
Biblical Jerusalem, http://www.aish.eom/jw/j/48961251.html).
333

3. : John D. Currid, Ancient Egypt

and the Old Testament (Grand Rapids MI: Baker Book House, 1997), p. 11.
4. Kitchen, Reliable, ibid, p. xiv.
5. . : Kitchen, Reliable, ibid, p. 390.
6.
, . ,
.
7. . (. Newgrosh, Chro
nology at the Crossroads - The Late Bronze Age in Western Asia (Leicester:
Matador: 2007), pp. 162-201). ,

,

. . G. Hagens, The Chronology of Tenth Century
Assyria and Babylonia, JA CF 9 (2002), pp. 61-70.
8. .

,
. ,
.
.
1967 . ,

.
9. Stephen J. Adler, Israeli Court Finds Muslim Council Destroyed Ancient
Remains on Temple Mount, BAR 20:04 (July/Aug 1994).
10. Kristin M. Romey, Jerusalems Temple Mount Flap, Archaeology, Volume 53
Number 2, (March/April 2000).
11. Steven Feldman, Muslim Religious Body Snubs Israeli Law, Archaeological
Concerns, BAR 26:02 (March/April 2000).
12. . .
.
13. . ,
, : New Light on the Temple
Mount, in: Israel 175 (Jerusalem, Ir David), pp. 6-46 (in Hebrew); G. Barkay &
I. Zweig in: E. Baruch, Z. Greenhut, A. Faus (eds.), New Studies on Jerusalem
Vol. 11 (Ramat Gan: The Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies, 2006),
pp. 213-237.
: . Shanks, Sifting the Temple Mount Dump, BAR 31:4 (2005), pp. 14-15.
334

14. Kenneth Kitchen, Reliability, ibid, p. 4.

, ,
. , :

? ? ( )
(537-520; . 3:8.;
6:15), , 19 . . . (
, ). , ,
-
(Kenneth Kitchen, Reliability, ibid, p. 122).
: .
.
,
. ,
,
.
15. .
16. , ,
, ,
.
17.
, ,
,
. 1980- .
18. http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite ?cid= 1238562926124&pagename=
JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull (-, - 22
2010 .).
19. ,
, .
20. http://www.cnn.eom/2009/WORLD/meast/09/l 1/jerusalem.synagogue/
index.html (-, - 22 2010 .).
21. Eilat Mazar (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Takayoshi Oshima
(University of Leipzig), Wayne Horowitz (The Hebrew University of Jeru
salem), and Yuval Goren (Tel Aviv University), A Cuneiform Tablet from
the Ophel in Jerusalem, Israel Exploration Journal, Volume 60, Number 1,
Jerusalem, Israel, 2010, pp. 4-23.
22. Eilat Mazar, Takayoshi Oshima, Wayne Horowitz, Yuval Goren, A Cunei
form Tablet from the Ophel in Jerusalem, Israel Exploration Journal,
Volume 60, Number 1, Jerusalem, Israel, 2010, p. 7.
335

10* ,
1. . Nikos Kokkinos, Eratosthenes and the Dating of the Fall of Troy, An
cient West Sc East (2009) 37-56 (doi:10.2l43/AWE.8.0.2045837). He has
also authored The Herodian Dynasty: Origins, Role in Society and Eclipse
(1998) and Antonia Augusta: Portrait of a Great Roman Lady (1989 and
1993). The World of the Herods
and the Nabataeans: 2001 International Conference (The British Museum),
17-19 April, 2001 ( ) Herod and Au
gustus: Papers Presented at the IJS Conference, 21st-23rd June 2005.
2. .
3. , ,
,
, - .
: (Legend: The Genesis of Civilisation;
).
(The Lost Testament, ibid, p. 53)
; ,
,
.
( ) .
4. Sturgis, ibid, . 49.
5. David . Rohl, The Lost Testament, ibid, p.474.
6. . , 1996 .: The Third In
termediate Period in Egypt, LL. (pp. xlii-xlvi).
7. :
http://www.troubador.co.uk/book_info.asp ?bookid=509.

11. ?
1. Gary Greenberg, The Moses Mystery: The African Origins o f the Jewish
People (Birch Lane Press, 1997),
: The Bible Myth: The African Origins of the Jewish
People (Citadel Press, 1998).
2. Ibid., 101 Myths of the Bible: How Ancient Scribes Invented Biblical History
(Naperville IL: Sourcebooks, 2000, paperback edition 2002).
,
, , , .
3. Greenberg, ibid, ( . 5; - . 6).
4.
() ,
336

, .
2001 .
5. (. Marvin Lubenow, The Apple (Computer) Bites the African Eve at: http://www.icr.org/
article/apple-computer-bites-african-eve/, http://www.answersingenesis.
org/docs/206.asp.
6. Henry Gee, Statistical Cloud over African Eden, Nature, 355(13 February
1992): 583.
7. S. Blair Hedges, Sudhir Kumar, Koichiro Tamura, and Mark Stoneking,
Human Origins and Analysis o f Mitochondrial DNA Sequences, Science,
255 (7 February 1992): 737-739.
8. C m . Marvin L. Lubenow, Bones of Contention Grand Rapids MI: Baker
Books, 2004.
9. Allan C. Wilson and Rebecca L. Cann, The Recent African Genesis of
Humans, Scientific American, April 1992:68.
10. . H. Frankfort, The Problem of Similarity in Ancient Near Eastern Reli
gions, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1951), pp.l7ff. . Richard S. Hess,
Israelite Religions: An Archaeological and Biblical Survey, (Grand Rapids
MI: Baker Academic, 2007). - ,
.
.

12. : ?
1. ., , 3:3,9; 7:16,17,29; 9:4,7; 14:19,30; 15:15,30;
16:9,24; 17:5,8,9; 19:5,6; 22:29; 23:12,19.
2. , 13:2: :
, , -
, - :
. ., , , 57:5: ...
,
, .
3. - ,
, ,
, , .
,
,
. ,
, ,
. .: . A. Wallis
337

Budge, The Gods of the Egyptians (Mineola NY: Dover Publications, 1969),
Earthly Remains: The History and Science of Preserved Bodies by
Andrew Chamberlain and Mike Parker-Pearson (British Museum, 2001);
Dying for the Gods by Miranda Green (Sutton, 2001); The Archaeology of
Death and Burial by Mike Parker Pearson (Sutton, 1999); and, The Highest
Altar: The Story of Human Sacrifice by Patrick Tierney (Viking, 1989).
4. . , 273-274.
5. , 5
2009 .
6. 4 , 25:26.
: . G. van der Veen, Gedaliah
ben Ahiqam in the Light of Epigraphic Evidence (A Response to Bob Beck
ing), in: M. Lubetski (ed.), New Seals and[ Inscriptions, Hebrew, Idumean
and Cuneiform (Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2007), pp. 55-70.
7. ,
II .
, .
, (. 37:5,7,11).
( ,
, . 29:18). .:
(. 161). (, V . . ., . 484-425 . - ,
. . ,
. ,
.)
8. .
.
III .
. .
9. .: (. 169).
10. : Ira Maurice Price, The Monuments and the Old Testament,
revised edition (Philadelphia: Judson, 1925), p. 396.
( 13495).
11. , ,
, , () IV .
, .
, .
-, - ( ) -
338

( ).

, .
, ,
. ,
. 1906 .
-. ,
,
. , ,
-,
. (
.)
12. Text 34, 30/31; Berlin, St. Mus. . 13495/ Cairo . 3428.
: Victor . Matthews and Don . Benjamin, Old Testament
Parallels: Laws and Stories from the Ancient Near East (NY/NJ:Paulist
Press, 2006), pp. 212-213.
13. II III, ,
, . ,
, , ,
.
( III),
530 . . . .
. : Pierre Briant, From Cyrus to Alexander: A History
of the Persian Empire (Winona Lake IN: Eisenbrauns, 2002), pp. 55-61.
14. , .
15. ,
, . -
, , , ,
.

13.
1. , ,
.
2. .
3. David Rohl, Pharaohs and Kings: A Biblical Quest (New York: Crown
Publishers, 1995), pp. 15 Iff.
4. , 11 2009 .
5. Kenneth Kitchen, Reliability, ibid, pp. 124-125.
339

6. Ibid.
7. 323 . . .
8. .: http://www.touregypt.net/Mapl7.htm ( - 12
2009 .).
, ,
.
9. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30326676/ ( - 20
2010 .).
10. - .
30 .
- ;
, .
11. ,
, ; :
, , .
.
(. 13:17-18).
12. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/21/egyptian-templesdiscover_n__
189425.html.
13. IV
. . ,
.
14. , , - 1052-974- . .
15. ,
- .
,
.
16. 30
2009 .

. .
: How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs: A Step-by-Step Guide
to Teach Yourself ( , )
The Seventy Great Mysteries of Ancient Egypt ( ).
17. ,
23 2009 .
18. . Kenneth Kitchen, Reliability, ibid, pp. 275-279.
19. . Lawrence T. Geraty, The Jerusalem Temple of the Hebrew Bible in
its Near Eastern Context, in The Sanctuary and the Atonement, edited by
340

Arnold V. Wallenkampf and W. Richard Lesher (Washington D.C.: Review

and Herald, 1981).

14.
1. Lawrence . Geraty, ibid, . 55.
2. 1999
, .

2003 . 2004 . 2005 .
, .
.
http://www.utoronto.ca/tap/.
3.
().

, , (). ( ) ~
, .
4. Volkmar Fritz, Temple Architecture: What Can Archaeology Tell Us About
Solomons Temple? in Biblical Archaeology Review, July/August 1987,
Volume 13 Number 4, p. 40.
5. , . .,
, , , (
).
6. Fritz, ibid, . 49.
7. Fritz, ibid, . 45.
8. Geraty, ibid, p. 59.
9. Angel Manuel Rodriguez, Ancient Near Eastern Parallels to the Bible and
the Question of Revelation and Inspiration, Journal of the Adventist Theological
Society, 12/1 (2001): 59.
10. Geraty, ibid, p. 59.
11. C m . Kenneth Kitchen, Reliability, ibid, pp. 121-127.
12. C m . David P. Wright, The Disposal of Impurity: Elimination Rites in the
Bible and in the Hittite and Mesopotamian Literature (Atlanta: Scholars
Press, 1987), p. 46.
13. C m . Wright, ibid, p. 64.
14. C m . Cord Kuhne, Hittite Texts, in Walter Beyerlin, Near Eastern Religious
Texts (Westminster John Knox Press, 1978), p. 180. . Kitchen, ibid,
341

Reliability.
(. 281-282),

(. 283-307).

1 5 . 0
1. A. Leo Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization,
(University of Chicago Press, 1977), p. 3.
2. Victor H. Matthews and Don C. Benjamin, Old Testament Parallels: Laws
and Stories from the Ancient Near East (Revised and Expanded Third Edi
tion) New York and New Jersey: Paulist Press, 2006. . W. W. Hallo,
William Hallo, K. L. Younger, eds. The Context of Scripture: Canonical
Compositions, Monumental Inscriptions and Archival Documents from the
Biblical World, Vol. 3 (Brill Academic, 2003).
3. To ,
( ).
4. . , . xiii.
5. Alexander Heidel, The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels (Chi
cago: University of Chicago Press, 1946 and 1949).
.
(The Babylonian Genesis. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1942,1951,1963).

. .
6. Heidel, ibid, . 224.
7. Heidel, ibid, . 260.
8. David . Rohl, The Lost Testament: From Eden to Exile: The Five-ThousandYear History of the People of the Bible (London: Century Random House,
2002), pp. 45-55.
9. Heidel, ibid. p. 267.
10. Heidel, ibid. p. 268.
11. , ,
,
. .
12. John Gardner and John Maier, Gilgamesh, p. vii.
13. Charles Martin, Flood Legends: Global Clues of a Common Event (Green
Forest, AR: Master Books, 2009).
14. , .
342

15. ,
. ,
,
, .
.
, ,
. ,
.
16. L. G. Perdue, Wisdom and Cult (Missoula, MT: Scholars, 1977); G. E. Bryce,
A Legacy of Wisdom; The Egyptian Contribution to the Wisdom of Israel
(Lewisburg PA; Bucknell University Press, 1979); J. Blenkinsopp, Wisdom
and Law in the Old Testament (Oxford; Oxford University Press, 1983);
and E. Wurthwein, Egyptian Wisdom and the Old Testament, in Studies in
Ancient Israelite Wisdom, ed. J. L. Crenshaw (New York; Ktav, 1976).
17. The New English Bible with the Apocrypha; Oxford Study Edition,
(NY; Oxford University Press) Corrected Impression, 1972. p. 675.
18. ,
: John D. Currid, Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament
(Grand Rapids, MI: Tyndale, 1997), pp. 207-211.
19. E. A. W. Budge, Facsimiles of Egyptian Hieratic Papyri in the British Museum,
second series, (London: British Museum, 1923), Plates 1 through 14.
: The Egyptian Book o f the
Dead: The Papyrus of Ani in the British Museum (1895).
20. , 9:7-8 ,
15:16-17, .
21. .
22. Hugo Gressmann, Die neugefundene Lehre des Amen-em-Ope und die
vorexilische Spruchdichtung Israels, in Zeitschrift fur die alttestamentliche
Wissenschaft 42 (1924) pp. 272-296.
23. D. C. Simpson, The Hebrew Book of Proverbs and the Teaching of
Amenophis, in Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 12 (1926) pp. 232-265.
24. W. . E. Oesterley, The Wisdom of Egypt and the Old Testament
in the Light of the Newly Discovered Teaching of Amen-em-Ope
(London :SPCK, 1927).
25. 1972 . (Irene Grumach),
,
-
. . Irene Grumach, Untersuchungen zur Lebenslehre des Amenemope (Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1972).
343

26. D. Herzog, Die Spriiche des Amen-em-Ope und Proverbien Kapp. 22,17-24,
35, in Zeitschrift fiir Semitistikund verwandte Gebiete 7 (1929) pp. 124-160.
27. Georges Posener, Quatre tablettes scolaires de basse poque (Amenemope et
Hardjedef), in Revue d Egyptologie 18 (1966) pp. 45-65.
28. R.O. Kevin, The Wisdom of Amen-Em-Apt and Its Possible Dependence
upon the Hebrew Book o f Proverbs, in Journal of the Society of Oriental
Research 14 (1930) pp. 115-157.
29. Currid, ibid., pp. 210-211.
30. Raymond B. Dillard and Tremper Longman III, An Introduction to the Old
Testament (Grand Rapids MI: Zondervan, 1994), p. 241.
31. R. N. Whybray, Proverbs, in New Century Bible Commentary (Grand Rapids
MI: Eerdmans, 1994), p.323.
32.
;

, .
33. . A. Niccacci, Proverbi 22:17-23:11, in Studii Biblici Franciscani 29 (1979),
pp. 42-72.
34. J. Currid, ibid., pp.215-216.
35. J. Ruffle, The Teaching of Amenemope and Its Connection to the Book of
Proverbs, in Tyndale Bulletin 28 (1977), p. 65.
36. . : www.MyProfessorSays.com.
37.3 , 3:1; 7:8; 9:16; 9:24; 11:1-2; 2 , 8:11.
38. , ;
BICANE CoD - ; - II (
) ; - III . .
39.3 , 11:1:
, , , , ,
, .
40. R. . Dillard and . Longman III, ibid, p.24.
4 1 .0
.
42.
1 2009 .
43. .
44. , 30
2009 .
45. - .
.
344

46. IV,
- .
. .
: Wolfgang Helck, Untersuchungen zur Geschichte und Altertumskunde Aegyptens (Berlin: Akademie
Verlag, 1956), p. 36.
47. , 141.
48. , 157.
49. , 18:7-8; 29. ,
. . 190.
50. .
51. , 1248-49; ;
.
52. , 199.
53. David Rohl, The Lost Testament, ibid, pp. 11-12.
54. , 98.
55. , 195.

16. - ?
1. Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, (London:
Routledge, 1979).
2. 150 000 (
) , 60 000 ,
, 50 000 .
3. . Boyce, ibid, John A. Simp
son and Edmund S. Weiner, eds. Zoroastrianism, Oxford English Dictionary
20 Volume Set - 2nd ed. (London: Oxford University Press, 1989).
4.
,
- , (
) . ;
, .
- ,
. , - .
, ( )
(. 11, ).
5. . Boyce, ibid, Richard . Taylor, Death and Afterlife: A Cultural En
cyclopedia (ABC-Clio, Inc. 2008 English edition), pp. 312ff.
,
345

, .
.
:
. . : Robert Kastenbaum, ed., MacMillan Encyclopedia
of Death and Dying, - two-volume set, (Gale Group, 2002); James R. Lewis
and Rudolf Steiner, Encyclopedia of Afterlife Beliefs and Phenomena (Cengage Gale, 1994).
6. John. R. Hinnells, Zoroastrian Saviour Imagery and Its Influence on the New
Testament, in Numen, Vol. 16, Fasc. 3 (Brill: Dec.,1969), pp. 161-185.
, .
7. Boyce, Zoroastrianism, ibid, . 1.
8. http://www.hyperhistory.com/online__n2/people__n2/personsl__n2/zoroaster.html ( - 10 2009 .).
9. http://wiki.answers.eom/Q/When__did__zoroastrianism__begin (
- 20 2009 .).
10. www.gotquestions.org.
11. .: Henri Stierlin, Persien auf den Spuren eines vergangenen Reiches, p. 110
and Hakan Baykal, Die Geschichte der Welt, Vom Perserreich zum Iran 3000 Jahre Kultur und Geschichte, p. 67.
12. www.gotquestions.org.

17.
1. Samuel Sandmel, Parallelomania, Journal of Biblical Literature 81 (1962): 1-13.
2. Sandmel, ibid, p. 1.
3. C m. W. G. C. Gwaltney Jr., Pan Babylonialism, in Dictionary of Biblical In
terpretation, ed. John H. Haynes, (Nashville: Abingdon, 1999), 2:233-234.
4. , ( )
(Easter).
, .
, , .
. ,
, .
5. Hartmut Schmokel, Mesopotamian Texts, in Walter Beyerlin, Near Eastern
Religious Texts Relating to the Old Testament (SCM Press, 1978), pp. 110-111.
6. . H. Ringgren, Matay, in Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament,
ed. by G. Johannes Botterweek, Helmer Rinngren, and Heinz-Josef Fabry,
(Grand Rapids MI: Eerdmans, 1998), 9:102.
7. Benjamin R. Forester, Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian
Literature (BethesdaMD: C D L Press, 1993), 2:494.
346

8. Hellmut Brunner, Egyptian Texts, in Walter Beyerlin, Near Eastern Religious

Texts Relating to the Old Testament (SCM Press), 1978, p. 14.
9.
.
10. - .
, , ,
.
-. , -
.
11. ( )
, . ,
. ,
. - ;
,
.
12. Benjamin R. Forester, ibid, 2:527.
13. . 37:12. : ,
.
14. . Sources of the Standard Babylonian poem, School of Oriental
and African Studies, University of London at http://www.soas.ac.uk/nme/
research/gilgamesh/standard.
15. James R. Davila, The Perils of Parallels.
: http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/divinity/rt/dss/abstracts/parallels.
16. Q>> Q uelle .
, .
, .
, Q ,
. . : Richard A. Edwards,
A Theology of Q (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1976); Robert H. Gundry,
A Survey of the New Testament (Grand Rapids MI: Zondervan, 2003),
pp. 93-101; D. A. Carson and Douglas J. Moo, An Introduction to the New
Testament (Grand Rapids MI: Zondervan, 2005), pp. 98-101.
17. , 12:1-3: : ,
, , ;
, ,
, ;
, ;
.
347

18. , 1:22:
.
, 2:10: : :
, ?
.
, 10:6: ...
.
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. 35.
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18. ?
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9. . . 1:2-4.
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, ,
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, , .
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,
.
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