Chapter 7

Grading and
Reporting

 One of the most frustrating

aspect of teaching is that
Grading and Reporting
students progress since
there are so many factors
to consider, and so many
decisions to be made.

 The main aim of Grading and

Reporting system is to provide
results in brief, understandable
form of varied users which lead
to several big questions:
1. What should I count, just
achievement or efforts, too?
2. How do I interpret students
score?
3. Norm-referenced- Do I
compare it to other students
score?

4. Criterion-referenced- A
standard of what they can do
5. Self-referenced- estimate
of what they re able to do
6. What should my
distribution of grades be, and
how do I determine it?
7. How do I display students
progress or strengths and
weaknesses, to the students
and their parents?

7.1 Functions of Grading

and Reporting System

1. Enhancing students learning

- Clarifying instructional objectives
for them
- showing students strength and
weaknesses
-providing information on personalsocial development
- enhancing students motivation
-indicating where teaching might be
modified
Can be achieved through test

2. Reports to
parents/guardians
- Inform parents and
guardians of students progress
- Parents can help promote
learning
- Communicate how well
objectives were met, so
parents can better plan.

3. Administrative and
Guidance uses
-helping to decide promotion,
graduation, honors, athletic
eligibility
- reporting achievement to other
schools or to employers
- providing input for realistic
educational, vocational, and
personal counceling.

7.2 Types of Grading and

Reporting System

a. Traditional letter-grade
system
-students performance are
summarized by means of letter.
A-excellent
C-average
D-needing improvement
F-failure

b. Pass-Fail
- utilizes a dichotomous grade
system.
Dichotomous- dividing into parts

c. Checklist of Objectives
-the students level of
achievement is indicated:
Outstanding, Very Good, Good, Fair,
Poor

d. Letters to parents/guardian
-useful supplement to grades
-very time consuming to prepare

e. Portfolios
-useful for showing students
strength and weaknesses
-showing progress overtime or
stages of the project

f. Parents-Teacher Conferences
-mainly used in elementary
-requires that parents of the
pupils come for a conference with
the teacher to discuss the pupils
progress.
-useful in two-way flow of
information and getting more
information and cooperation from
the parents.

7.3 Development of a Grading

and Reporting System

 We should always keep

achievement reports
separate from effort
expanded.

Grading and reporting system should

be developed cooperatively
( parents, students, school
personnel) in order to ensure
development of a more adequate
system. They should be:

1. Based on clear statement of learning

objectives
2. Consistent with school standard.

3. Based on adequate assessment.

4. Based on right level of detail.
5. Providing for parent-teacher
conferences as needed.