INTRODUCTION TO

AIRPORT

WHAT MEANS BY AIRPPORT

An airport is a facility where

passengers connect from
ground transportation to air
transportation.

WHAT MEANS BY AIRPPORT

An airport is a location where aircraft such as airplanes,

helicopters take off and land.
Aircraft may also be stored or maintained at an airport.
An airport should have runway for takeoffs and landings,
buildings such as hangars and terminal buildings.

DEFINITION

AIRFIELD is an area where an

aircraft can land and take off,
which may or may not be
equipped with any navigational
aids or markings. Many grass
strips are also designated as
airfields.

WHAT IS AERODROMES?
AERODROMES
A defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations
and equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the
arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft.

Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta
International Airport

AIRPORT HISTORY

The world's first airport was built in 1928 at Croydon near

London (England). It was the main airport for London till it was
closed down in 1959, after the World War II. It is now open as a
visitor centre for aviation.

AIRLINES
An organization that provides scheduled flights for
passengers or cargo.

REGULATION AND POLICIES

The International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO).

THE INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION

ORGANIZATION

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency

of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of
international air navigation and fosters the planning and

to
ensure safe and orderly
growth.
development of international air transport

AIRPORTS

INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS

An international airport has direct service to many

other airports.
Handle scheduled commercial airlines both for
passengers and cargo.
Many international airports also serve as "HUBS",
or places where non-direct flights may land and
passengers switch planes.
Typically equipped with customs and immigration
facilities to handle international flights to and from
other countries.
Such airports are usually larger, and often feature
longer runways and facilities to accommodate the
large aircraft. (FBO, MRO etc..)

OHare International Airport

Chicago, Illinois, United States

London Heathrow Airport

United Kingdom

Beijing Capital International

Airport China

Hong Kong International Airport Chek Lap Kok,

Hong Kong

Incheon International Airport

DOMESTIC AIRPORTS
A domestic airport is an airport which handles
only domestic flights or flights within the
same country.
Domestic airports don't have customs and
immigration facilities and are therefore incapable
of handling flights to or from a foreign airport.
These airports normally have short runways
which are sufficient to handle short/medium haul
aircraft.

REGIONAL AIRPORTS
A regional airport is an airport serving traffic
within a relatively small or lightly populated
geographical area.
A regional airport usually does not have
customs and immigration facilities to process
traffic between countries.
Aircraft using these airports tend to be
smaller business jets or private aircraft
(general aviation).

REGIONAL AIRPORTS

Louisiana Regional Airport, US

AIRPORT STRUCTURE

Landside

Airside

SITE SELECTION FOR AIRPORT

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Regional plan
airport use
proximity to other airport
ground accessibility
topography
obstructions

SITE SELECTION FOR AIRPORT

7. visibility
8. wind
9. noise nuisance
10. grading , drainage and soil
characteristics
11. future development
12. availability of utilities from town
13. economic consideration

AIR CRAFT
CHARECTERSATICS
Aircraft characteristics are of prime
importance to the airport planner and
designer. The following characteristics
need to be studied
1 Type of propulsion
2 Size of aircraft
3 Minimum turning radius
4 Minimum circling radius
5 Speed of aircraft
6 Capacity of aircraft
7 Aircraft weight and wheel configuration
8 Jet blast
9 Fuel spillage
10 Noise

MAJOR PARTS OF AIRPLANE

EMPENNA
GE

FUSELAGE
WING

ENGINE

PARTS OF AN AIRPLANE

Fuselage:
Basic structure of the
airplane to which wings,
empennage and landing
gear are attached.
It is designed to hold
passengers, crews & cargo.

PARTS OF AN AIRPLANE

Empennage (tail):
Consists of vertical stabilizer
& horizontal stabilizer.
It provides the greatest
stabilizing influence of all the
components of an airplane.

PARTS OF AN AIRPLANE

Engine:
Provides the thrust necessary
for powered flight.
The types of engine depends
on the mission requirements
of the airplane.

PARTS OF AN AIRPLANE

Wing
The wing is an airfoil attached to the
fuselage and is designed to produce
lift.
It may contain fuel cells, engine
nacelles and landing gear.
Airplane control surfaces (aileron,
flaps, slat and spoiler) also attached it.

WING
High Wing:
Wing on top
(very stable)
Mid Wing:
Wing in middle
(acrobatic)
Low Wing:
Wing on
bottom (less
drag)

PARTS OF AN AIRPLANE

Landing gear :
The landing gear can be fixed in place
or retractable.
Most planes today use what is called a
tricycle landing gear arrangement.
This system has two large main gear
units located near the middle of the
plane and a single smaller nose gear
unit near the nose of the aircraft.

COCK PIT

PARTS OF AN AIRPLANE- CABIN

Elevator
Rudder

BASIC AIRCRAFT

TYPES OF AIRPLANE AND THEIR USES

Commercial airplane

Passenger/ Cargo Aircraft

Airbus A380

TYPES OF AIRPLANE AND THEIR USES

Military

MILITARY AIRPLANE

Refueling an airplane in
mid-air

Northrop B-2 Stealth Bomber

Black Widow
Worlds Smallest Spy Aircraft

PRIVATE AIRCRAFT

Crop Spraying

Medical Evacuations

TYPES OF AIRPLANE AND THEIR USES

Experimental aircraft

4 Forces acted on an
airplane

 RUNWAYS
Runway Orientation

RUNWAY ORIENTATION

Runways are always oriented in the direction of prevailing wind

Aircraft not maneuver safely at the wind contains a large
component at right angle to the direction of travel
Right angle component of wind
Cross wind

V cos

Wi
Dir nd
ect
ion

Runway
Center Line

V sin
Cross Wind
Component

WIND ROSE DIAGRAM

velocity, direction, duration are represented by a diagram Wind Rose
Use graphical procedure
to analyze the wind data for the determination of the best runway orientation
Wind rose diagram wind covers angle 22.5 degree
Assume wind come from any pt. within 22.5 degree
Data 5 to 10 years

TWO METHODS

Method I
Method II

 Method I
Absence of wind velocity, not account
for cross wind component
Not so accurate
Radial Line Wind Direction
Frequency of wind is marked on radial
line (Scale)
Plotted pt. are joined by straight line
The best runway longest line on wind
rose diagram

METHOD II
Wind data
Direction, Duration, Intensity
Circle Wind velocity
Radial Line Wind Direction
% of frequency appropriate
segment
V < 6.4kmph (4mph) Calm
Period
Separate Circle Calm Period