Data Definition Language

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 Objective

Describes all of the Transact-SQL statements concerning data definition

language (DDL).

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 Scope

 Creating Database Objects

 Modifying Database Object
 Removing Database Objects

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 Creating Database Objects

 SQL Server database objects can be created using:

 Transact-SQL
 SQL Server Management Studio

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 Creating Database (T-SQL)

 Using Transact-SQL, database can be created using the CREATE DATABASE statement.

CREATE DATABASE [db_name] [ON [ PRIMARY]

file_spect {,file_spec2} …]
[LOG ON file_spec3 {,file_spec4} ….]
[COLLATE collation_name
[FOR {ATTACH | ATTACH_REBUILD_LOG}]

Example:

CREATE DATABASE [Inventory] ON PRIMARY

( NAME = N'Inventory', FILENAME = N'D:\data\Inventory.mdf' , SIZE = 2048KB ,
MAXSIZE= UNLIMITED, FILEGROWTH = 10%
)
LOG ON
(
NAME = N'Inventory_log', FILENAME = N'E:\log\Inventory_log.ldf' , SIZE = 1024KB ,
MAXSIZE = 2048GB , FILEGROWTH = 10%
)
COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS

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 Creating Table (T-SQL)

 Using Transact-SQL, table can be created using the CREATE TABLE statement.

CREATE TABLE [table_name]

(col_name1 type1 [NOTNULL | NULL]
[{, col_name2 type2 [NOTNULL | NULL}…])

Example:

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[EMP]

(
[EMP_NO] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[EMP_NAME] [varchar](50) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT
)
ON [PRIMARY]

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 Creating other database objects

 CREATE DEFAULT – Creates a default value

 CREATE RULE – Defined for the values of a column or for an alias data type.
 CREATE INDEX – Creates a new index on a specified table.
 CREATE PROCEDURE – Creates a new stored procedure
 CREATE TRIGGER - Creates a new trigger
 CREATE SCHEMA – Creates a new schema

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 Modifying Database Objects

 SQL Server database objects can be modified using:

 Transact-SQL
 SQL Server Management Studio

 SQL Server supports changing the structure of the following database objects.

 Database
 Table
 Schema
 Stored Procedure
 View
 Trigger

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 Altering a Database

 The ALTER DATABADE statement changes the physical structure of a database.

ALTER DATABASE db_name

ADD FILE file_SPEC1 [TO FILEGROUP group_name1]
| ADD LOG FILE file_spec2
| REMOVE FILE ‘file_name’
| MODIFY FILE (NAME = old_name, NEWNAME =new_name…)
| CREATE FILEGROUP group_name2 | DROP FILEGROUP filegroup_name3
| SET option_specification [WITH termination]

Example:

ALTER DATABSE projects

ADD FILE (
NAME = projects_dat1,
FILENAME = ‘C:\DATA\projects1.mdf’,
SIZE =10,
MAXSIZE = 100,
FILEGROWTH =5
)

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 Altering a Table

 The ALTER TABLE statement modify the schema of a table.

ALTER TABLE table_name

ADD col_name type [NULL | IDENTITY]
DROP COLUMN col_name [{,col_name}..]
ALTER COLUMN col_name type {NULL|IDENTITY}

Example:

ALTER TABLE department

ALTER COLUMN location CHAR(25) NOT NULL

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 Removing Database Objects

 All Transact –SQL statements to remove a database object have a general form:

DROP object object_name

Example : DROP DATABASE database_name

DROP TABLE table_name

 The DROP statements can be among others:

 Default
 RULE
 TYPE
 PROCEDURE
 INDEX
 VIEW
 TRIGGER
 SCHEMA
 STATISTICS

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 Summary

SQL Server supports many data definition statements that create, alter, and remove
database objects. The following database objects, among others, can be created and
removed using the CREATE object and the DROP object statement, respectively:

 Database
 Table
 Schema
 View
 Trigger
 Stored Procedure
 Index
 Rule
 Default

 The Transact-SQL language provides four data manipulation statements:

 SELECT
 INSERT
 UPDATE
 DELETE

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