ReviewSheet:Biomolecules

TOPICS:Chemistry(Chap2)&BiologicalMolecules(Chap3:Lipids,Carbohydrates&Proteins)
NucleicAcidsare
not
coveredonthisexam.
UseBiomoleculesLecture13tohelpyou.

SomequestionsrequireyoutogoonGoogleImagesandfindapicture.

1. Atoms:
Whatarethethreepartsofanatom?
protons,neutrons,andelectrons

Wherearetheylocatedandwhichhavewhatcharges?
ProtonsandNeutronsarefoundinthenucleusandelectronsarefoundinshellsororbitalsthatsurroundthenucleus.Protons
haveapositivecharge,neutronshavezerochargeandelectronshaveanegativecharge.
Addapictureofacarbonatom.

2. Bonding:
Whatarethethreetypesofbonds?
IonicBonds,Covalentbonds,andPolarcovalentbonds.

Addapictureofthe3differentbonds.

3. Whatispolarity?Whichatomsareneededforpolaritytooccur?
thepropertyofhavingpolesorbeingpolar.Thiswilloccuramongatomsthathavesimilarelectronegativity.
4. Whatarethe4typesofbiomolecules?Whichonewillwefocusonlater?
lipids,proteins,carbohydrates,andnucleicacids
5. Whatishydrophilicandhydrophobic?
Hydrophilic:
Tomixwith,dissolvein,orbewettedbywater.
Hydrophobic:
Tendingtorepelorfailtomixwith
water.
6. WhatisaMonomerandPolymer?

Monomer:
amoleculethatcanbebondedtootheridenticalmoleculestoformapolymer.Polymer:asubstance
thathasamolecularstructureconsistingchieflyorentirelyofalargenumberofsimilarunitsbondedtogether.

7. Lipids:
Whatisalipid?
Anyofaclassoforganiccompoundsthatarefattyacidsortheirderivativesandareinsolubleinwaterbutsoluble
inorganicsolvents.
Addapictureofalipidmolecule(suchasaphospholipid).

Aretheyhydrophilicorhydrophobic?
Theyarehydrophobic.
Whatisthemonomercalled?
aminoacids
Wherecantheybefoundinlivingthings?
Inrats,itistheheart,liver,erythrocytes,andplasmawherehighconcentrationsarefound.
Whatfoodsaretheyfoundin?
vegetableoil,butter,wholemilk,cheese,creamcheese

8. Carbohydrates:
Whatisacarbohydrate?
Anyofalargegroupoforganiccompounds.
Addapictureofacarbohydratemolecule(suchasfructose).

Aretheyhydrophilicorhydrophobic?

Hydrophobic
Whatisthemonomercalled?
monosaccharide
Wherecantheybefoundinlivingthings?
plants
Whatfoodsaretheyfoundin?

peas,corn,limabeansandpotatoes.

9. Proteins:
Whatisaprotein?
manyofaclassofnitrogenousorganiccompoundsthatconsistoflargemoleculescomposedofoneormorelong
chainsofaminoacids.
Addapictureofaproteinmolecule(itlookslikearibbon).

Aretheyhydrophilicorhydrophobic?
Both
Whatisthemonomercalled?
aminoacids
Wherecantheybefoundinlivingthings?
cells
Whatfoodsaretheyfoundin?
Meat

10. Enzymes:
Areenzymesaprotein,lipid,orcarbohydrate?
Protein
Whatisanenzyme?
Asubstanceproducedbyalivingorganismthatactsasacatalysttobringaboutaspecificbiochemicalreaction.
Howdotheywork?
Asubstancesthatincreasetherateofchemicalreactionswithoutbeingusedup.
Whatkeepsthemfromworkingwell?

Howdoenzymesworkasabiologicalcatalyst?
speedupreactionsbyloweringtheactivationenergy.
Anenzymeworkstobreakdownorconnectthesubstrate.Howisanenzymelikealockandthesubstratelikeakey?
Whatiscatalaseandhowdoesitwork?

11. Howdoindicatorswork?Whatwasthecontrolinourindicatorlab?

12. Whatarethe4PillarsofHealth?(IdiscussedthisinLecture2)

13. Whatarethe4PillarsofNutrition(IdiscussedthisinLecture3)