HistoryNotes:Period1

PreHistoryto600BCE

1.1
NeedtoKnowsforStudyingHistory
BC&AD[arenotusedanymore]
TheYearZero
BCE(beforecommonera)andCE(commonera)

KeyConcept1.1BigGeographyandthePeoplingoftheEarth

Humansmigratethroughouttheearthinhunterandgatherersocieties.Fire
andothertoolsareusedforthefirsttime.

KeyTerms
Migration:Seasonalmovementofanimals/peoplefromoneparttoanother.

HunterandGathererSocieties:Ahuntergathererorearlyhumansocietyis
oneinwhichmostorallfoodisobtainedfromwildplantsandanimals,in
contrasttoagriculturalsocieties,whichrelymainlyondomesticatedspecies.

NomadicSocieties:Anomadissomeonewholivesbytravelingfromplaceto
place.Nomadicthusmeansanythingthatinvolvesmovingarounda
lot.Nomadichuntergatherertribesfollowtheanimalstheyhunt,carryingtents
withthem.Youdon'thavetobeanomadtoliveanomadiclifestyle.

Herders:apersonwholooksafteraherdoflivestockormakesalivingfrom
keepinglivestock,especiallyinopencountry.

TheAgriculturalRevolution:Anagriculturalrevolutionoragrarianrevolutionis
aperiodoftransitionfromthepreagriculturalperiodcharacterizedbya
Paleolithicdiet,intoanagriculturalperiodcharacterizedbyadietofcultivated
foodsorafurthertransitionfromalivingamoreadvancedandmore
productiveformofagriculture.

DomesticatedAnimals:"Domesticanimalmeansananimalofaspeciesof
vertebratesthathasbeendomesticatedbyhumanssoastoliveandbreedina
tameconditionanddependonhumankindforsurvival."

FertileCrescentwasinthatshapebetweenthedesertsintheMiddleEast,where
peoplecouldsettledownandbeginacivilization.
1.2

KeyConcept1.2
TheNeolithicRevolutionandEarlyAgriculturalSocieties
Agricultureappearsforthefirsttimeassomesettledownandcreatethefirst
townandvillages,whileothershunterandgatherers.Animalsandplantsare
domesticated.
IndusValleyCivilization
Sewage
GreatBath
Barbarians
Peaceful
Traded
Buildingopenw/airconditioning
MajorCity
Irrigationsystemrivers2xyears
Dependable

Mesopotamia
Paidingrain
Citiesallowedotherjobstobepossible
Citystates
URUK=citystate
Ziggurats(Temples)
Riversunpredictableandviolent
Floodtodrought
Palace(RivalsTemples)
Godsvs.Kings
Sacredmarriages
Cuneiform(Elites)writing
FertileCrescentONLYhadrivers..Hadtotradeforeverything
IndusRiverValley=Peace
Mesopotamia=Violent
Passedpowertosons
StrictLaws
Babylonmostpopulouscity
EmpiresStart
BrutalArmytounifydiverseempire
GodAshurworldendifdefeated

KeyTerms
Civilization:Theprocessbywhichasocietyorplacereachesanadvanced
stageofsocialdevelopmentandorganization.

Barbarians:(inancienttimes)amemberofacommunityortribenotbelonging
tooneofthegreatcivilizations(Greek,Roman,Christian).

Trade:Theactionofbuyingandsellinggoodsandservices.

CasteSystem:Acastesystemisaclassstructurethatisdeterminedbybirth.
Loosely,itmeansthatinsomesocieties,ifyourparentsarepoor,you'regoing
tobepoor,too.Samegoesforbeingrich,ifyou'reaglasshalffullperson.

Sumerians
TheyarefromMesopotamia,theywereverycivilized,andalsohadawriting
structure.TheSumeriansalsoknewliteratureandwereveryreligious.TheSumerians
wereinMesopotamiainaround4,000B.C.
9ThingsAbouttheAncientSumerians
1. OneofthelargerSumeriancitieshavehad80,000residents.
2. ThelistoftheSumerianrulersincludedonewomen.
3. TheSumeriancitystateswereoftenatwarwithoneanother.
4. TheSumerianswerefamouslyfondofbeer.
5. Cuneiformwritingwasusedforover3,000years.
6. TheSumerianswerewelltraveledtrademerchants.
7. TheherooftheEpicofGilgameshwasprobablyarealSumerianhistorical
figure.
8. Sumerianmathematicsandmeasurementsarestillusedtothisday.
9. Sumerianculturewaslosttohistoryuntilthe19thcentury.
1.3KeyConcept1.3
TheDevelopmentandInteractionsofEarlyAgricultural,
Pastoral,andUrbanSocieties

About5,000yearsago,urbansocietiesdevelopedpreparingtheworldforthe
firstcivilizations.

AncientEgypt:CrashCourseWorldHistory#4

KeyTerms:Discussion
Nile,BasinIrrigation,andFoodSurplus(Connections?)
Nile=Benign(safe),TheNilegavetheEgyptiansalotofwealth.
ThreeKingdoms(Old,Middle,New)DatesforEach!
ThepyramidswerebuiltintheOldKingdoms.KingTutwasthereafterthepyramids,
overathousandyearsbeforeKingTutwasthere.TheOldKingdomhadfew
civilizationstotradewith.TheMiddleKingdomhadmanynewpyramidsbutstillfew
trades.TheNewKingdomhadawomenPharaohwhoopenedmoretrading
opportunity.AlsoKingTutwasaPharaohintheNewKingdomanddiedattheageof
17.TheNewKingdomdidnotlastaslongastheMiddleorOld.
Pyramids,Pharaohs,andMummies(Connections?)
Builthugestructuresthatpeoplesupported.Thepeoplewouldmakethesepyramids
andthepyramidsweretombswithPharaohs.Theywerethenmummifiedandwrapin
acoffinlikeboxthathadyourfavoritebelongings.Egyptiansbelievedthatafteryou

die,enteringafterlifeyoustillhavethesamelifeandwouldhavetherefavorite
belongingswhentheydied.Egyptwaspeacefulcomparativetootherstherewere
femalePharaohs.
Religionasacommentonsociety
Religionandgeographyisconnected.WeseethatwiththeEgyptiansandthere
geography.
WritingHieroglyphics&Trade(Connections?)
TheHieroglyphicsthatareinsacredplacesforsomeonedirectlyandthenthereare
forpeoplethataremoreopenforotherpeopletoread.Therearealsolawsandrules
thatpeoplecouldread.Hieroglyphicsareforsacredwriting,forsomeonedirectly.
SignificanceofEgyptsLengthinTime
ThesethreeKingdomshavelastedlongerthanChinaandlasterthanChristianityand
itsexistence.Ithasagreatimpactandwereimpressiveonhowtheylastedsolong.

Geography!
LowerEgyptandUpperEgypt.AfricaisthecontinentthatholdsEgypt.Peoplelivedin
neartheNileLowerEgyptbecauseitwasatthebottomoftheriverandUpperEgypt
wheretheNilestartedandwherethemountainswere.

8HistoricalTexts

TheCroMagnonsDoc#1(EarlyHistory)
HowTheydidtesttofigureouthowoldtheskeletonswereandwherefrom(10,000to
35,000yearsold).
When1868
WhyToseewhatwasintheshallowcaves.
WhereShallowcaveinsouthernFrance
WhatTheyfoundaskeleton,ababy,otheranimalskeletons,andobjectsofuse.
WhoCroMagnons
TheCodeofHammurabiDoc#2(Mesopotamia)

TheRigVedaHymnsDoc#3(AncientIndia)

TheLifeofBuddhaDoc#4(AncientIndia)
HowHebegantotravelandtopreach,gatheringfollowers,developinganewreligion,
andandestablishingreligiouscommunities/
WhenSixthcenturyB.C.
Whyhislifestoryrelateshisfirstencounterwithsufferingandhisstepstowardshis
ownconversion.
WhereIndia

WhatBuddhism
WhoGotama

TheKushiteTakeOverDoc#5(Egypt)
HowTheKushitesgrewmorepowerfulandhadapowerfularmy.
When730B.C.
WhyToconqueredsouthernEgyptandcontrolEgyptingeneral.
WhereNubia
WhatWantedtoconquercitiesandhavehimselfunderMajesty
WhoKashtaandPiankhi

AnAssyrianPalaceDoc#6(Assyria)
HowTheyhadslavesandpeoplewhoworkeddayandnight.
WhenEighthcenturyB.C.
WhyTohaveacivilizationthathadcommunities,trade,finance,andacity.
WhereNineveh,Iraq
WhatHebuiltthisstructurestoshowhisaccomplishmentsandhishierarchy.
WhoSargonII

CustomsofthePersiansDoc#7(Persia)
HowThePersiansdidsacrificesandnoimagesofgods,temples,andaltars.
When499and479B.C.
WhyTheysacrificedtotheirgod(callsuponthenameofthegodtowhomheintends
tooffer).
WhereGreece,Persia,andNorthAmerica
WhatTheysacrificedtoZeus(AhuraMazda)
WhoZeus(AhuraMazda)
TheExodusDoc#8(Hebrews)
HowTheyfollowedthetencommandments
When13centuryB.C.
WhyTostructureanewcodeoflaw,basedontheirreligion
WhereMt.Sinai
WhatThehebrewsbelievedhadbeenrevealedbyGodtotheirleaderMoses.
WhoHebrewsandGod