Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Andi A Wibowo,
SBU Production Supervisor
CONTENTS
HOW HYDROCARBON FORMED?
OIL FIELD RESERVOIR
RESERVOIR DRIVE MECHANISM
RESERVOIR CHARATERISTIC
RESERVOIR PRESSURE PROFILE
TYPICAL COMPLETION TYPE
FORMATION PROBLEM
SCALE
BASIC ESP
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DUST
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DEAD
FISH
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+3,000,000 Years
TRANSFORM TO
HYDROCARBON
SALINE
TEMPERATUR
PRESSURE
TEMPERATUR
PRESSURE
E 5000 Ft 21000 FtE
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SEDIMENTATION
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SURFACE
OIL RESERVOIR
IMPERMEABLE
TRAP
ROCKROCK
UNSEALED
TRAPPED
SALINE
200 MILES
MIGRATIO
N
HYDROCARBO
N
OILFIELD RESERVOIR
A petroleum reservoir must
Permeability
have three things:
- Source Rock for the Hydrocarbons
- Reservoir rock that is porous and
permeable
- An Impermeable seal to trap the
Hydrocarbon
Pore
space
OILFIELD RESERVOIR
Productivity Index (PI) = Q / (SBHP-PBHP)
PI Rate So Bigger PI is better
PI depends on : - drawdown (SBHP PBHP)
- reservoir permeability (k)
- Porosity
How fluid goes to surface?
- Natural flow : if Reservoir pressure still high
- Artificial lift :if reservoir Pres has been depleted
How about CNOOC ? Almost all wells using ESP as
artificial lift
RESERVOIR CHARATERISTIC
Qf
(SBHP-PBHP)
Fluid
Level
Pressure
E.S.P.
PSI
SBHP *
Qf
PBHP *
Distance
WELL COMPLETION
FORMATION PROBLEMS
Pressure Depleted
The pressure is naturally depleted along with
oil producing, Low reservoir pressure ==
more difficult to lift up == need artificial lift.
Formation problem / Inflow Problem
- Scale Problem
- Sand Problem
SCALE PROBLEM
Scale is a mineral precipitation, It could be a problem
if in a big amount and plugging up reservoir pore
and pump.
Very common oil field scale :
calcite,barite,ironic,anhydrite,gypsum,etc
Why scale build up? The main cause is decreasing
mineral (calcite, barite,etc ) solubility in the water by
changing temperature and pressure.
Generally, The solubility will decreasing when P and
T drop.
SCALE PROBLEM
Scale could lead to:
SCALE PROBLEM
Stimulation Process
Basic ESP
Basically ESP is a centrifugal pump with electric power
from surface.
ESP part : surveyor+ motor+ Protector+ Intake+ Pump
ESP develops extra head (pressure) to lift fluid to surface.
The pump sizing and design depends on PI,free gas ,sand
tendencies,depth,viscosity,etc
Each type of ESP has optimum operating range and
efficiency.
ESP isnt efficient for high free gas well gas lock
problem
ESP manufacture :
REDA,Centrilift,ESP,ODI,Daqing,Shangli,etc
Cable
MLE and Power Cable
Centrifugal Pump
Protector
System Components of
Typical Installation
The pump is seated above the
perforations in such a way that
the well fluid moves upward
around the motor housing,
cooling the motor by dissipating
the heat generated.
All the components are
connected together and hang
from the tubing.
Wellhead
Wellhead
Pressure
Flow
Ground Level
Flow
Flow
Schlumberger Private
Efficiency
Pump Range
Head
HP per Stage
ESP Problems
How to identify problem? Simple.LOOK AMCHART.
Underload Problem
Why it happen?
Reduce frequency
Try to raise up fluid
level by bleed off
casing pressure
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Troubleshooting:
Choke back
6 AM
60
50
40
30
20
10
Undercurrent
Load
Overload Problem
Common causes:
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Sand production
60
50
40
30
20
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Overload
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Electrical problem
Scale build up
Increasing viscosity
(emulsion)
6 AM
Gas Lock
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6 AM
60
50
40
30
20
10
Gas
Locking
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M
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H
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Pump has
gas locked