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SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
MODEL 1
Because
Since
As
(bi v)
+S+V
Because of
As a result of
Due to
(bi v)
Ex: Because she behaves well, everybody loves her. Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves
her.
Because of his bad behavior, he must be punished. As he behaved badly, he must be punished.
MODEL 2
Although
Though
Even though
Despite
(mc d)
+S+V
(mc d)
In spite of
Ex Although it rains, we go to school on time. Despite / In spite of the rain, we go to school on time.
Despite the noise, we continued to study our lessons. Though it was very noisy, we continued to study
our lessons.
MODEL 3
SO THAT
SUCH THAT
Ex: The film was so good that I saw it three times. It was such a good film that I saw it three times.
It is such a bad book that nobody reads it. This book is so bad that nobody reads it.
MODEL 4
TOO + to-infinitive
ENOUGH + to-infinitive
Ex: Mary is too young to get married. Mary isnt old enough to get married.
The tea was not cool enough for her to drink. The tea was too hot for her to drink.
MODEL 5
SO THAT / SUCH THAT
Ex: This raincoat is so small that she cant wear it. This raincoat is too small for her to wear.
It was such an interesting novel that I read it many times.The novel was interesting enough for
me to read
many times.
This question is easy enough for us to answer. This question is so easy that we can answer.
The box was too heavy for the child to carry. It was such a heavy box that the child couldnt
carry it.
MODEL 6
To-infinitive + be + Adj./N
S + V + it + Adj./N + to-infinitive
- Loi 2 (Qu kh n)
- Hin ti
Cu
IF
- Qu kh
Ex: He cant do the test because it is too difficult. If the test werent too difficult, he could do it.
I didnt eat anything so I was hungry. I wouldnt have been hungry if I had eaten something.
MODEL 8
not
cu trc thIfca
Unless
Ex: Unless it rains, we will go to the movies (loi 1) If it doesnt rain, we will go to the movies. (loi
1)
If they didnt attend class regularly, they couldnt understand the lesson (loi 2) Unless they
attended class
regularly, they
couldnt understand the lesson. (loi 2)
MODEL 9
S + V(present perfect) . + time
Ex: Tom and Mary have been married for five years. It is five years since Tom and Mary were married.
I havent seen my father for one month. Its one month since I last saw my father.
MODEL 10 (Cu ao c)
- Tng lai
Cu - Hin ti
- Qu kh
Wish
- would + V1
- Qu kh n
- Qu kh hon thnh
Ex: She wont visit me again. I wish she would visit me again.
My wife cant speak French. I wish my wife could speak French.
What a pity you failed in your driving test. I wish you hadnt failed in your driving test.
MODEL 11
S + have/has + not + V3/ed since (for)
Ex: I havent heard him since August. The last time I heard him was in August.
I havent seen him since I was a student. I last saw him when I was a student.
MODEL 12
S + V(past) .. ago
Ex: He started working for this factory a year ago. He has been working for this factory for a
year./He has been
working for this factory
since last year.
MODEL 13
S + V + .. + time
Ex: She typed the letter in 20 minutes. It took her 20 minutes to type the letter.
I walked to my office in 10 minutes. It took me 10 minutes to walk to my office.
MODEL 14
S + didnt +V1 until
Ex: Tom didnt begin to read until he was eight. It was not until Tom was eight that he began to
read.
have
S+
+ V1
Object1
get
Object2
+ to-infinitive
have
Cu b ng
S+
+ Object + V3/ed
get
Ex: I will have Tom wash the car. I will have the car washed.
I will get Tom to wash the car. I will get the car washed.
S + be + V3/ed + (by)
MODEL 17
SO SNH HN
SO SNH NHT
Ex: My mother was the most warm-hearted person Ive ever known. Ive never known a more warmhearted person
than my
mother.
MODEL 18
Cu ch ng
Cu b ng
Ex: They think that the owner of the house is abroad. It is thought that the owner of the house is
abroad.
The owner of the house is thought to be
abroad.
People thought that he had died in battle. It was thought that he had died in battle.
He was thought to have died in battle.
MODEL 19
SO SNH BNG
SO SNH HN
Ex: Susan isnt as good at chemistry as Sarah. Sarah is better at chemistry than Suan.
MODEL 20
Clause1 + Clause2
SO SNH KP
Ex: As he grows older, he becomes increasingly cheerful. The older he grows, the more cheerful he
becomes.
It take sb+khong thi gian+to do sth sb spend +khong thi gian doing sth
Ex:It took her 3 hours to do her homeworkShe spent 3hours doing her homework
Understandto be aware of
Ex:Do you understand the lesson ? Are you aware of the lesson ?
To be interesting in =fond of=keen on=like
Ex:She likes EnglishShe is interesting in English
Succeed in doing sthmanage to do sth
Ex:We succeed in invented televisionWe managed to invent television
Prefer sb to do sthWould rather sb +did sth (mun)
Ex:I prefers you not to smoke hereId rather you not smoked here
Prefer doing sth to doing sthwould rather do sth than do sth /like doing sth better than
doing sth thch lm
Ex:She prefers staying at home to going outShe would rather stay at home than go out
As soon as+S+V2/ed,S+V2/ed Hardly +had+S+V3/ed+when+S+V2/edNo
sooner+had+S+V3/ed+than+S+V2/ed
Ex:As soon as I left the house,he appeared Hardly had I left the house when he
appeared
Ta thy mnh ng sau sau as soon as s l mnh sau when v sau than
Not..any moreNo longer+auxiliary+S+V / No more..
Ex:I dont live in the countryside No longer do I live in the countryside/I no more live
in the countryside
To be not worth doing sthThere is no point in doing sth khng ng,v sich
Ex:It is not worth making him get up earlyThere is no point in making him get up early
It seems that+S+VIt is likely that+S+V It look as if/though :dng nh rng
Ex:It seems that he will come lateIt is likely that he will come late=He is likely to
come late/It look as if he willcome late
S+often +VS+be+accustomed to doing=S+be/get +used to doing
Ex:Lan often cried when she meets with difficultiesLan is used to crying when she
meets with difficulties
This is the first time+S+have/has+V3/edS+be+not used to doing
Ex:This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movieI
was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie
S+V+because+S+VS+V+to V
Ex:She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examinationShe studies hard to
pass the final examination
S+V+not only+but alsoS+V+both.and..
Ex:He translated fast and correctlyHe translated not only fast but also correctly
S+aske/want +O+to VS+get+O+to do sth=S+have+O+do sth
Ex:She asks him to spend more time with herShe have him spend more time with her
S+V+no +NS+be+N-less
Ex:She always speaks no care=She is always careless about her words
S+be+adj+prepS+V+adv
Ex:My students are very good at mathsMy students study maths well
It+be+adj What +a/an+adj+N
Ex:It was an interesting filmwhat an interesting film
S+V+advHow+adj+S+be
Ex:She washes clothes quicklyHow quick she is to wash clothes
If I were you,I would+VoS+advise+sb+to do
Ex:If I were you,I wouldnt do that He said He advised me not
to do that
1. The last time I went to Ho Chi Minh City was ten years ago.
It___________________________________________.
2. Although he was very tired, he tried to help me with my homework. Tired as
___________________________________________.
3. The car is too expensive. I cant afford it.
It was ___________________________________________.
4. It's the first time I've been to New York.
I havent ___________________________________________.
5. You damaged my camera", said Hung to his sister.
Hung accused ___________________________________________.
6. We didn't have any holidays until this summer.
It was not___________________________________________.
7. If you hadnt studied hard, you would have failed the exam. Had
___________________________________________.
8. Lan is pretty but Mai is prettier.
Mai is the___________________________________________.
9. This is the best film Ive ever seen.
Ive ___________________________________________.
10. My school has over 800 students.
There are ___________________________________________.
11. People say that that plane crashed into the mountains.
That plane ___________________________________________.
12. She tries to learn English well so as to communicate with foreigners. She tries to learn
English well with ________________________
13. I started teaching English three years ago.
I have___________________________________________.
14. No one in my class is more intelligent than Lan.
Lan ___________________________________________.
15.This exercise was very difficult. We couldnt do it.
This exercise was so___________________________________________.
16. But for your help, I couldnt have passed the exam.
Had ___________________________________________.
17. When will you come back, Nga?
I asked ___________________________________________.
18. No one has bought this house.
This house ___________________________________________.
19. She didn't take an umbrella so she got wet.
She wouldn't ___________________________________________.
20. It was a mistake for him to buy that house.
He shouldnt _________________________________________.
21. Although Nam was very tired, he tried to finish his work.
However ___________________________________________.
22. We couldn't go camping because of the storm.
18. This house hasnt been bought. (phi dng not v c no one ch ng)
Th b ng th hin ti hon thnh:
S (O) + have/ has + been + PP....
Dch ngha: Khng ai mua ngi nh ny.
19.She wouldnt have got wet if she had taken an umbrella.
Cu iu kin loi 3: If + S+ had + PP...., S + would/ could + have + PP
Dch ngha: C y khng mang theo nn c y b t.
=> C y khng b t nu c y mang theo .
20.He shouldnt have bought that house.
Cu trc: should have + PP :l ra nn => shouldnt have PP: l ra khng nn
E.g: You should have told the truth.
Dch ngha: l mt sai lm khi anh y mua ngi nh . => Anh y l ra khng
nn mua ngi nh .
21.However tired Nam was, he tried to finish his work.
Cu trc: Although + mnh 1, mnh 2 : mc d......nhng.......
=> However +adj/ adv + S + V, mnh
Dch ngha: Mc d Nam rt mt nhng anh y c gng hon thnh cng vic ca
mnh.
22.The storm prevented us from going camping.
Cu trc: because of + N/ Ving
Prevent sb from doing sth: ngn cn/ ngn chn ai lm g
Dch ngha: Chng ti khng th i cm tri v cn bo.
=> Cn bo ngn cn chng ti i cm tri.
23.I have not talked to him for ages.
Th hin ti hon thnh: S + have/ has + PP
For ages ~ For a long time: lu ri
Dch ngha: lu ri t ln cui ti ni chuyn vi anh y.
=> Ti khng ni chuyn vi anh y lu ri.
24.It was such an interesting book that we couldnt put it down.
Cu trc:
S + be + so + adj + that + mnh (qu....n ni m....)
=> It + be + such + (a/an) + adj + N + that + mnh
Dch ngha: Quyn sch qu th v n ni m ti khng th b n xung c.
25.He told me not to stay up late.
Told + O + (not) to V: bo ai (khng) lm g
Dch ngha: Anh y bo ti khng c thc khuya.
26.Such was damage that it would cost millions of dollars to repair.
o ng vi such:
Such + to be + N + that + mnh
Lu : The damage was so great that it would cost millions of dollars to repair.
=> The damage was such that it would cost millions of dollars to repair. ( such = so great)
Dch ngha: Thit hi qu ln n ni m phi mt hng triu la sa cha.
27.It was not until 1980 that she graduated from university.
10
Cu trc:
It + is/ was + not until + trng ng thi gian/ mnh + that + mnh (mi cho n
khi...th ...)
Dch ngha: C y khng tt nghip i hc cho n tn nm 1980.
=> Mi cho n nm 1980 th c y mi tt nghip i hc.
28.The hotel fell short of our expectations.
Fall short of : tht bi, khng t c (mc ch g..)
To fall short of sbs expectations ~ not come up to sbs expectations: khng c tt p
nh ai mong i/ khng c nh ai mong i
Dch ngha: Khch sn khng c nh chng ti mong i.
29.I have never known a more intelligent person than Mr Hung.
Cu trc so snh nht:
The + adj ngn + EST/ The + most + adj di
Dch ngha: ng Hng l ngi thng minh nht m ti tng bit.
=> Ti cha bao gi bit mt ngi thng minh hn ng Hng.
30.Only by practising English every day can you become a good English speaker.
Cu trc o ng vi Only by:
Only by + Ving + ...+ tr ng t/ to be + S +........
Dch ngha: Cch duy nht m bn c th tr thnh mt ngi ni ting anh tt l luyn
tp ting anh hng ngy.
=> Ch bng cch luyn tp ting anh hng ngy th bn mi c th tr thnh mt ngi
ni ting anh tt.
31.Lan denied having stolen my bag/ stealing my bag.
Deny + Ving: ph nhn lm g
Dch ngha: Chc chn khng phi ti ly trm ti ca bn! Lan ni
=> Lan ph nhn vic ly trm ti ca ti.
32.I wish I had come there yesterday.
Cu trc cu c qu kh: S + wish + S + had + PP....
Dch ngha: Ti xin li v hm qua ti khng n .
=> Ti c hm qua ti n .
33.Unless I am busy, I will do some shopping with you.
Unless ~ If....not : Tr phi, nu ....khng
Dch ngha: Nu ti khng bn th ti s i mua sm vi bn.
34.He advised me not to do that.
Cu : Nu ti l bn th ti s khng lm iu . Anh y ni Cu
Advise sb (not) to do sth: khuyn ai (khng) lm g
Dch ngha: Anh y khuyn ti khng lm iu .
35.Nam offered to carry Lans suitcase.
Cu trc: offer to V: ngh lm g
Dch ngha: Nam ngh mang va li cho Lan.
36.Nga agreed to share the food with Quang.
Cu trc: agree to V: ng lm g
E.g: She agreed to let me go early.
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