Lien Nguyen

Biology 1615
Research Article

The article I have chose to summarized is called Combined role of

childhood maltreatment, family history, and gender in the risk for alcohol
dependence. This article is about finding answers about certain childhood
maltreatments that may have an affect on adult alcohol dependence. There
are five types of childhood maltreatments that are being looked at
specifically in this research. These maltreatments are physical abuse,
emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. The
researched has also included parental history in consideration of the
outcome. Predictions of the five maltreatments would be first, sexual abuse,
second, physical abuse, third, emotional abuse, forth, physical neglect, and
lastly, emotional neglect.
In the past there as been studies on this, but none of them were
controlled which led it to be inconclusive. To create a research that would be
controlled, a national survey of 27,712 adult participants were surveyed in
person. These participants were found through the data from National
Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) who is
sponsored by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA).
Data for this study came in 2 varieties which were known as Wave 1 and
Wave 2. All interviewees were 18 years of age and above, of all races, male
and female, educated or not, as well if they were parents or not. Everyone
despite their personal lives were interviewed to receive the most accurate
study. Wave 1 was interviewed in 2001-2002. After the interviews there was

Lien Nguyen
Biology 1615
Research Article
a flaw was discovered in this wave. There was oversampling of Blacks and

Hispanics from ages 18-24. To correct this, some of the data for the research
were adjusted which formed another wave, Wave 2. This was conducted in
2004-2005. In this wave, possible eligible participants were re-interviewed.
Some exclusions for the ineligible included, mentally or physically impaired,
active duty, deceased, and deported.
With the results from Wave 1 and Wave 2 from the five maltreatments,
physical neglect was the most common effect. Second, was physical abuse,
third, emotional abuse, forth, sexual abuse, and finally followed by emotional
neglect. In the entire study it was founded that parental history has an effect
of the chances of alcohol dependence in those physically abused. Within
women it was founded that emotional neglect and sexual abuse were
increased by parental history. These five maltreatments are fundamentals for
the general population. And they do not include other risk factors from
childhood trauma such as, domestic violence, parental divorce, suicide or
death. In spite the fact that these five factors can be a cause, genetic
vulnerability can also have a major effect. Not all of those who may
experienced one or more of these maltreatments establish alcohol
dependency. To prevent these maltreatments as increased risk factors,
suggestions of preventative measures are recommended. Some suggestions
include, having programs in schools that help children to learn skills to help
them from keep safe from harm. It also recommends to seek or have
interventions if any of the signs of the maltreatments are seen.

Lien Nguyen
3
Biology 1615
Research Article
With the results, they do support the hypothesis that the maltreatments
can develop alcohol dependence. From the outcome it has carved a path for
researcher to explore other causes. It will also allow these results to be used
in the extended research.