Tourism Product

Contents
Tourism products:
Concepts
Definition
Classification
Difference
between
resource and products

tourism

Concept
When

tourist decide to travel to a

particular destination, they look
forward to a pleasurable experience
in terms of a safe and comfortable
journey, good accommodation and
meals, interesting attractions and
leisure activities.These are the
expectations or products, which the
tourist is willing to spend money for.

Concept
Product

A product in general can be a thing, a place,

a person, an event, etc. which satisfies the
needs of the person purchasing the product.
The product may be defined as the sum total
of physical and psychological satisfaction it
provides to the buyer.

Cont.
The product can be exchanged for
some value.
It motivates the consumer to
purchase it.
The tourism industry is a service
industry and provides products
which are nothing but services.

Definition
Tourism

product is the sum total of

a countrys tourist attractions,
transport system, hospitality,
entertainment, and infrastructure
which is offered to the tourist, and
if well designed and developed,
will result in consumer
satisfaction.

Cont.

The

basic raw material used in the

formulation of a tourism product is the
countrys natural beauty, its climate,
history, culture, and the people.
The other essential elements are the
existing facilities or the infrastructure,
which are necessary for the stay to be
comfortable and it include water supply,
electricity, roads, transport,
communication, services and other
ancillary services

Tourism product
Introduction

Consumer is co creator of product

Transform the visitor
Bundle of tangible & intangible product
attribute
It is as total experience
Planning to booking, travel evaluation
synonymous with destination
amalgamation of destination attraction
including supporting services

Three element that form

tourism product

Destination

attractiveness
Facilities of destination

Tourism product
elements
Attraction

and aim

Souvenir
Business

service support
Accommodation, recreation &
entertainment service
Travel agents & tour operators
Transport service company

Characteristics of tourism
product
Influenced

by non economic factors

Cannot be sampled
Risky high level of investment
Cannot be stockpiled
Direct deal
Static (not movable)
Tough quality measurement

Definition of tourism
product
Is

obtained and the overall service

felt or enjoyed by tourist since he left
his residence to the tourist
destination of his choice and to
return home where he/she originally
departed.

So

tourism product is series of

interrelated services, various
companies, community services and

Tour product
Lots of definition regarding this
Based on tangibility and intangibility
(Gooddall, 1991)
Something offered to consumer or
market (Kotler & Armstrong, 1989)
Overall service enjoyed by tourist
(Suwantoro)

Concept of tourism in
Sanskrit literature
Tirthatana

(pilgrim)
Paryatana (pleasure and knowledge)
Deshatana (economic gain)
All derived from word Atana which
means going out
So the tourism is combination of
tourist + travelling + business
activity

Generic Tourism Product

-

Service
(Rail, Road,
Hotel etc.)

Hospitali
ty

Product

(Something

(The
Physical

extra)

Plant )

Involve
ment

Freedom
of choices
(Traveler's
budget,
experience etc.)

travel
insuranc
e

Guide &
escort

Transport

Attractio
n
Passport
offices

Custom
excise
services

Touris
m
produ
ct

Accommo
dation

Tourist
informati
on
centers

Categories of service goods

Amenitie
s
Port &
airports
Catering

Govt. &
pvt. org

Bank
&currency
exchange

Component elements
Material

base

(Landscape,
climate & geographic position etc.)

Management

Quality
Natural resources
Quality marketing activity
Human resource quality

Classification of tourism
product
There

are three ways in which

tourist products can be classified..

Based
Based
Based

on attraction;
on destination
on category of product

Based on attraction

Natural attractions & man

made attractions
Natural

attractions are found all

over the world like; beaches,
deserts, hills, mountains, climate,
flora and fauna, islands, these are
nature gifts to human being.
Man-made products include fairs,
festivals, cuisine, architecture,
monuments, shopping etc.

Symbiotic attraction
Symbiotic

products does not come

under natural or human-made
category. Marine park, flower
festival, wildlife sanctuary, water
sports etc.
Note:- the resources provided by
nature which are converted into the
product by humans but nature
remains the core attractions.

Classification based on
destination

Event Based

Where an event is an attraction, it as an event

based tourist product.
Events attract tourists as spectators and also as
participants in the events, sometimes for both.
Events attract tourists as spectators and also as
participants in the events, sometimes for both
Event attractions are temporary
Example:- the Republic Day Parade, Khajuraho
Dance Festival. the Kumbh Mela etc.

SITE BASED TOURISM

PRODUCTS
When an attraction is a place or site then
it is called a site based tourist product.
Site attractions are permanent by nature
Taj Mahal, The Great Wall of China, The
Grand Canyon in Arizona, Eiffel Tower,
Statue of Liberty, Temples of Khajuraho,
etc.

Classification
Activity
based
Tourism
product
product

based on category of

Classification cont.

Activity based:- active participation of tourist. e.g.

-Adventure sports
Event based:- Elephanta festival, Mumbai.
Site based:- Museums at New York
Destination Based:- many cities in the world
themselves a tourist attraction.
Package and Programs :- under this category come
the offers which are complimentary and are offered by
service providers. For examples:- free casino tickets to
participants of a conference.
Tourism circuits:- they are the combination of the
multiple chain of destinations marketed as one product.
Examples:- Buddhist circuit, char dham yatra
(Gangotri,Yamunotri,Kedarnath, Badrinath),Golden
triangle

Cont
Products

are visualized as a
continuous whole or as a series
ranging from a simple activity which
may constitute the product to an
entire circuit.
It is based on activity, event, site,
destination, package and tourism
circuit.

The Tourist PLC

This is divided in two sub cycle
Cycle of innovation
Cycle of economic development from launch of product to disappear
from market
Tourist product has same four stages

PLC
Introduction
A

concept that has particular relevance to regional tourism strategic

marketing and planning is the so-called life-cycle concept.
It implies that tourism regions, tourism product lines (such as
historical or cultural tourism products) and product items (such
as an amusement park or accommodation establishment), pass
through life stages that progress from birth to death.
The life cycle of a regional tourism product may be short (for
example, festival celebrations and most world fairs) or long
(for example National Park).
The tourism product is launched or launches itself, grows to
maturity, levels off and then gradually declines.
If identified in time, the decline may be averted by reintroducing
the product under another form or with a fresh injection of
publicity.

Butlers DLC
Butler (1980) suggested that the life-cycle
concept, when applied to tourism, is
comprised of
an exploratory stage;
an involvement stage;
a development stage;
a consolidation stage;
a stagnation stage; and
either a decline stage or a rejuvenation
stage.
The life-cycle concept can be used as a

DLC

Haywood DLC
Haywood (1986) argued that the life-cycle concept, to
be effective, must be made operational in such a way
that it is possible to determine or predict
unambiguously the exact position or stage of a
tourism offering.
In order to make the regional tourism life cycle
operational, various conceptual and measurement
decisions have to be considered, as followings:
Unit of Analysis
Relevant Markets
Stages of the life-Cycle
The Carrying Capacity
The Unit of Measurement

Haywood DLC
Unit

of Analysis
Relevant Markets

Haywood DLC
Stages of the life-Cycle For the lifecycle concept to be made
operational, two key questions have
to be addressed:
a. How to determine the stage in the life
cycle of the tourist region, product line,
and product item;
b. How to determine when a tourist
region, product line, and product item
moves from one stage to another.

Haywood DLC
The

Carrying Capacity
This suggests that if tourist numbers are
to be used as an indicator, consideration
should be given to such factors as:
A. Dispersion of tourists within and
throughout the region;
B. The length of stay;
C. Characteristics of the tourists; and
D. The time of year when the visit is
made.

PLC Conclusion
The Product Life Cycle as a Guideline for
Strategy
There is considerable information on the
marketing actions that can be applied to each
stage of the life cycle.
Recommendations are frequently being made
concerning the type and level of promotion,
distribution, pricing and other product-market
activities required for each stage.
It is apparent, however, that the attempts to
prescribe a marketing strategy are largely
unsupported by empirical evidence.

Renewed cycle
*
SALES
VALUE

TIME

NATURAL RESOURCES
Natural

Resources:
Wildlife Sanctuaries,
National Parks and
Natural Reserves in India

Introduction
A

natural resource is characterised

by the amount of biodiversity and
geodiversity.
A natural resource is anything can
we use which comes from nature
Even every man made product is
composed of natural resources

Did you know??

India

has become a major tourism

destination from the past many years.
Tourism of India during vacations has grown
with a great inflow of tourists from
throughout the world.
India has the right tourism potential and
attractions to attract all types of tourists
whether it is adventurous tour, cultural
exploration, pilgrimages, visit to the beautiful
beaches or to the scenic mountain resorts.

Wildlife sanctuary
Wildlife

Sanctuariesare defined
as aspace which is set aside
exclusively for the use of wild
animals, who are protected.
Wildlife sanctuaries are also
referred to as wildlife refuges in
some areas.
It is a place where these animals
are safe from hunting, predation or

Reasons to establish a
wildlife sanctuary
In many cases, a government creates one for the

purpose of protectingendangered species

With a limited territorial range
To provide natural habitat
For close monitoring of Endangered species
To grow population of these species by protecting
them
To ensure that the species survives.

Maintainingbiodiversity
Preserving a nation's unique natural environment
sanctuaries also offer wildliferehabilitation

Bio sphere, sanctuary and

national parks difference
The

difference between National Parks & Wildlife

Sanctuaries is that no human activity is allowed inside
National Parks while limited activities are permitted
within Wildlife sanctuaries. In biosphere reserves
limited economic activity ( sand mining and stone
mining ) is permitted.
Biosphere Reserves are more of a research-oriented
ecosystems; innovative ways of interaction between
man and nature so their co-existence could be
harmonious for both. The main aim of biosphere
reserves are to promote sustainable balance between
conserving biodiversity and also economic
development.

Topic contd.

National parks

A national park is protected area of land in which a

typical ecosystem with all its wild plants and animals
are protected and preserved in natural surroundings.

There were 102 national parks.

Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, established
in 1936, was the first national park in India.
All national park lands then encompassed a total
39,919km2, comprising 1.21% of India's total surface
area
A total of 166 national parks have been authorized.
Over 17 national parks and sanctuaries have been
selected for Project Tiger to protect and increase tiger
population in India.

NAME

IMPORTANT NATIONAL PARKS

STATE
IN INDIA
WHICH
ANIMAL(S) PROTECTED
OF
LOCATED

Jim Corbett National

Park

Uttarakhand

Tiger (EN)

Assam

Rhinoceros (CR)

Hazaribagh National
Park

Jharkhand

Tiger (EN)

Kanha National Park

MP

Tiger (EN)
Cheetah (VU)

Sundarbans Tiger
Reserve

West Bengal

Bengal Tiger (EN)

Gir National Park

Gujarat

Asiatic lion (EN)

Bandipur National Park

Karnataka

Elephant (VU)
Tiger (EN)

Desert National Park

Rajasthan

Kaziranga National Park

Conservation status

EX =
= Extinct
Extinct
Great Indian Bustard
EX
EW =
= extinct
extinct in
in
the
(CR)
EW
the
Black buck (NT)
wild
wild
CR =
= critically
critically
CR
endangered
endangered
EN =
= endangered
endangered
EN
VU =
= vulnerable
vulnerable
VU

Wildlife sanctuary
A

sanctuary is a protected are of land,

wetland or sea reserved for the conservation
of wild animals, birds and plants.
India has over 492 wildlife sanctuaries.
These cover over 3% of Indias total
geographical area.
Hunting of any kind is prohibited in
sanctuaries.
Private ownership rights over sanctuaries and
limited human activities may be granted
provided they do not interfere with the normal
activities(feeding, nesting, breeding of wildlife

Important national sanctuaries of

Ind
a
NAME
STATE
IN iWHICH
ANIMAL/BIRD
LOCATED

PROTECTED

Keoladeo Ghana Bird

Sanctuary

Rajasthan
(Bharatpur)

Siberian crane, famous

for birds

Chilika Lake Bird

Sanctuary

Odisha

Water fowls
Cranes
Ducks

Manas Wildlife
Sanctuary

Assam

Panther
Tiger
Rhinoceros

Dachigam Sanctuary

J&K

Kashmiri stag
Musk snow leopard

Madhumalai Wildlife
Sanctuary

Tamil Nadu
(Nilgiri hills)

Elephant
Four-horned antelope

Nagarjunasagar
Sanctuary

AP

Tiger
Panther

Periyar Sanctuary

Kerala

Elephant

Balmiki Nagar Tiger

Reserve

Bihar

Tiger

Biosphere
Biosphere

reserves are a specific category of

protected area of land and/or coastal area
wherein tribal people native to the area are an
integral part of the system.
The concept of Biosphere Reserve was conceived
by the UN and was launched in 1975 as a part of
UNESCOs Man and Biosphere Programme.
In bioreserves various uses of land are
permitted by dividing it into 3 distinct zones viz,
Core Zone, Buffer Zone and Transition Zone.
The government of India has established 18
biosphere reserves.

Contd.
There are approximately 610 biosphere
reserves located in 117 countries of the
world.
There are 18 biosphere reserves zones
in India.
Nine of the Eighteen biosphere reserves
are a part of theWorld Network of
Biosphere Reserves, based on
theUNESCOMan and the Biosphere
(MAB) Programme list

9 of the 18 Biosphere Reserves which are

part of the World Network of Biosphere
NAME
STATE IN WHICH
ANIMAL(S) PROTECTED
Reserves
LOCATED
Nilgiri Biosphere
Reserve

Tamil Nadu
Kerala
Karnataka

Nilgiri Tahr
Lion-tailed macaque

Gulf of Mannar
Biosphere Reserve

Tamil Nadu

Dugong
Sea Cow

Sundarbans National
Park

West Bengal

Royal Bengal Tiger

Nanda Devi Biosphere

Reserve

Uttarakhand

Nokrek Biosphere
Reserve

Meghalaya

Red Panda

Panchmarhi Biosphere
Reserve

Madhya Pradesh

Giant Squirrel
Flying Squirrel

Simlipal Biosphere
Reserve

Odisha

Royal Bengal Tiger

Wild Elephant
Gaur

Achanakmar-

Chhattisgarh

Wide range of flora and

Bandipur Wildlife Sanctuary,

Karnataka

List of
Animals:

Indian Elephants, Gaurs, Tigers, Sloth Bears,

Muggers, Indian Rock Pythons, Four-Horned
Antelopes and Dholes

Other Attractions: Nagarhole, Mudumalai and Wayanad National parks

Best Time to Visit: April - October
Address:
For More Info
->

Bandipur, Distt. Chamarajanagar, Karnataka, South

India
http://www.india-wildlifetours.com/wildlife-destinati
ons.php

Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary,

Kerala

List of
Animals:

Tigers, Indian Elephants, Barking Deer, Mouse Deer,

Dholes, Gaur, Sambar, Mongoose, Foxes, Leopards
Nilgiri, and Tahr

Mangala Devi Temple, Murikkady, Abraham's Spice

Other Attractions: Garden, Kadathanadan Kalari Centre, Kumily
Best Time to Visit: December April
Address:
For More Info
->

Kumili, Distt. Ldukki, Kerala

http://www.india-wildlifetours.com/periyar-wildlife-s
anctuary.php

Jim Corbett National Park,

Uttaranchal

List of
Animals:

Leopards, Jungle Cat, Deer, Sloth, Himalayan Black

Bears, Indian Grey Mongoose, Otters, Indian
Pangolins, Langur and Rhesus Monkeys, Owls,
Nightjars

Other Attractions: Dhikuli, Jeeps Safari, Treks, Kalagarh Dam

Best Time to Visit: Mid-November to Mid-June
Address:
For More Info
->

Ramanagar, Distt. Nainital, Uttarakhand

http://www.india-wildlifetours.com/corbett-nationalpark.php

Kaziranga National Park,

Assam

List of
Animals:

One-Horned Rhinoceros, Wild Asiatic Water Buffalo,

Indian Muntjac, Wild Boar, Hog Deer, Indian Tigers,
Leopards, Rock Python, King Cobra, Birds

Other Attractions: Observing the Wildlife, Birding, Hiking

Best Time to Visit: September October /February - March
Address:
For More Info
->

Golaghat, Distt. Nagaon, Assam

http://www.india-wildlifetours.com/kaziranga-wildlife
-sanctuary.php

Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya

Pradesh

List of
Animals:

Tiger, Leopards, Deer, White Tiger, Gaur (Indian

Bison), Sambar, Indian Wolf, Nilgai

Trek deciduous forest on the hills, valleys, hotter

Other Attractions: drier areas of the park in the South and West
Best Time to Visit: 15th October - 30th June
Address:
For More Info
->

Distt. Umaria, Madhya Pradesh

http://www.india-wildlifetours.com/bandhavgarh-nati
onal-park.php

Kanha National Park, Madhya

Pradesh

List of
Animals:

Royal Bengal Tiger, Leopards, The Sloth Bear,

Barasingha, Indian Wild Dog, Pythons, Cobras, and
Krait

Other Attractions: Bamni Dadar (sunset point), Kanha Museum

Best Time to Visit: October April
Address:
For More Info
->

Distt. Mandla & Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh

http://www.india-wildlifetours.com/kanha-national-p
ark.php

Sasan Gir National Park,

Gujarat

List of
Animals:

Asiatic Lions, Indian Leopards, Sloth Bears, Indian

Cobras, Jungle Cats, Striped Hyenas, Golden
Jackals, Indian Mongoose, and Indian Palm Civets

Other Attractions: Uperkot Fort, Mahabat Maqbara , and Somnath

Temple
Best Time to Visit: December - March
Address:
For More Info
->

south-east of Distt. Junagadh, Gujarat

http://www.india-wildlifetours.com/gir-wildlife-sanctu
ary.php

Keoladeo Ghana National Park,

Rajasthan

List of
Animals:

Blue Bull, Feral Cattle, Spotted Deer, Wild Boar,

Mongoose, Jackals, and Hyenas

Bharatpur Govenment Museum, Bharatpur Palace,

Other Attractions:
Lohagarh Fort, Deeg Palace
Best Time to Visit: November March
Address:
For More Info
->

Distt. Bharatpur, Rajasthan

http://www.india-wildlifetours.com/wildlife-destinati
ons.php

Ranthambore National Park,

Rajasthan

List of
Animals:

Striped Hyenas, Sambar deer, Chital, Nilgai,

Common or Macaques, Jackals, Jungle cats,
Caracals, Sloth bears, Black bucks, Rufoustailed
Hare, Indian Wild Boar, Chinkara

Other Attractions: Bakaula, Kachida Valley, Raj Bagh Ruins,

Ranthambore Fort, Rajbagh Talao
Best Time to Visit:
October - June
Address:
For More Info
->

Distt. Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan

http://www.india-wildlifetours.com/ranthambore-nati
onal-park.php

Introduction
TheWorld

Heritage Sitesin India

recognized by theUNESCO are 32,
as of 2014
These are places of importance
ofculturalornatural
heritageas
described in the UNESCO World
Heritage Convention, established
in 1972
Indias first two sites inscribed on
the list at the Seventh Session of
the World Heritage held in 1983

 Over

the years, 27 more sites have

been inscribed, the latest site
inscribed in 2012 being theWestern
Ghats (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala).
Of these 32 sites, 25 are cultural
sites and the other seven are
natural sites.

A
tentative
list
of
further
sites/properties submitted by India
for recognition includes 30 sites

Taj Mahal, Agra

Taj Mahal
one
of
theSeven
Wonders
of
the
Worldis
amausoleum
afunerarymosque.
It was built by EmperorShahjahanin memory of his third wife
BegumMumtaz Mahalwho had died in 1631.

It is a large edifice made in white marble in typicalMughal

architecture,
a
style
that
combines
elements
fromPersian,IslamicandIndian architecturalstyles.
This much acclaimed masterpiece was built over a 16 year period
between 1631 and 1648 under the Chief ArchitectUstad Ahmad\
Lahaurisupported by several thousand artisans under the guidance of
an Imperial Committee.

It was inscribed in theUNESCOin 1983, under Category i, as a

cultural property/monument.

It is set amidst vastMughal Gardens, which cover 17 hectares

(42acres) of land on the right bank of theYamuna River.
It has an octagonal layout marked by four exclusive minarets at four
corners with a pristine elevation of a central bulbous dome below
which the tombs are laid in an underground chamber.

Calligraphic
inscriptions
in-crusted
in
polychromaticpierra
dura,decorative bands andfloralarabesquesglorify the monument's
graphic beauty and provide a picture perfect impression to the
viewers

Agra Fort

Agra Fort,
Also
known
as
the
Red
Fort
of
Agra,
which
representedMughalopulence and power as the centre piece of their
empire, List in 1982, under Category iii as a cultural monument.
The fortress located on the right bank of the Yamuna River, built in
redsandstone, covering a length of 2.5 kilometres (1.6mi) and
surrounded by amoat, encloses several palaces, towers and
mosques.
These were built from 16th century onwards till early 18th century,
starting withEmperor Akbar's reign in the 16th century to that
ofAurangzebin the early part of the 18th century, including the
contributions made during the reign ofJahangirandShahjahanof
theMoghulRule in India;
the impressive structures built within the precincts of the fort are the
Khas Mahal, the Shish Mahal, Muhamman Burje (an octagonal tower),
Diwan-i-Khas (1637), Diwan-i-Am, white marble mosque or the Pearl
Mosque (built during 16461653) and the Nagina Masjid (16581707).
These monuments are remarkable for the fusion ofPersianart of
theTimuridand the Indian art form. It is very close to the famousTaj
Mahalwith a buffer zone separating the two monuments

Konark - Sun
Temple

Konark Sun Temple

A 13th-century Sun Temple (also known as the

"Black Pagoda"), atKonark.
Located on the east coast of theBay of Bengalin
theMahanadiDelta, it is built in the form of
thechariotofSurya(Arka), the sun god with 24
wheels, and is heavily decorated with symbolic
stone carvings and led by a team of six horses.
It was constructed from oxidizing weathered
ferruginoussandstoneby
KingNarasimhadeva
Iof theEastern Ganga Dynasty.
World Heritage Siteinscribed in 1984 as cultural
property under categories (i), (iii) and (vi)

Khajuraho
Temple

Khajuraho Group of Monuments

Chandela dynastyofRajputdescent reached its

glory between 950 AD and 1050 AD.
The ensemble of monuments that have survived
belong to theHinduandJainReligious practices
with striking fusion of sculpture and architecture;
The best example of this outstanding feature is
seen in the Kandariya Temple.
Of the 85 temples built, only 22 temples have
survived in an area of 6sqkm, which represents
the Chandela period of the 10th century.
By UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, a cultural
property on October 15, 1982 for its unique
original artistic creation and proof of the Chandela
Culture that existed prior to theMusliminvasion
of India in the early 12th century
R'tist @ Tourism

Hampi

TheGroup of Monuments at Hampi

In northern Karnataka.
Hampi subsumes the ruins ofVijayanagara, which
was the former capital of theVijayanagara
Empire.
Dravidian temples and palaces abound in Hampi.
These won the admiration of travellers between
the 14th and 16th centuries.
Hampi, as an importantHindu religious centre,
has
theVirupaksha
Temple(different
fromPattadakal's Virupaksha Temple) and
Several other monuments, which are part of the
cultural heritage site inscribed under category (i),
(iii) and (iv) in the UNESCO World Heritage List
R'tist @ Tourism