How to Estimate the Cost of a Spillway Improvement Project
CPE Candidate No. 0713211
October 2013How to Estimate the Cost of a Spillway Improvement Project
Table of Contents
Section 1 — Introduction
Section 2 — Types of Methods of Measurement
Section 3 - Specific Factors to Consider for Project Takeoff and Pricing
Section 4 — Overview of Labor, Material, Equipment, Indirect Costs
and Approach to Markups
Section 5 - Special Risk Considerations
Section 6 — Ratios and Analysis to Test the Estimate
Section 7 — Miscellaneous Pertinent Information
Section 8 - Sample Plan and Sections
Section 9 — Sample Estimate - Takeoff and Pricing
Section 10 — Glossary of Terms
page 3
page 5
page 8
page 10
page 13
page 14
page 15,
page 16
page 18
page 25Section 1 ~ Introduction
‘The purpose of this technical paper is to explain the process of estimating the
construction cost of a spillway improvement project. The estimated construction
cost of a spillway improvement project for a reservoir can vary significantly given
different materials, methods of construction and site conditions. This paper will
cover various typical information used to prepare an estimate based on a
construction scope that includes conditions such as demolition, cast-in-place
concrete, and earthwork (excavation, backfill & steel sheet piling). Cost estimates
are typically broken down into different sections or divisions. The most common
format used for organizing a construction cost estimate is following the Construction
Specifications Institute (CS!) 2004 Master Format Divisions. The CSI format serves
as a good checklist to ensure that all relevant items have been included in the cost
estimate. The CSI format used for this paper is summarized by division as follows:
Main CSI Divisions
Division 02 — Existing Conditions
Division 03 - Concrete
Division 34 - Earthwork
Main CSI Subdivision
02 40 00 - Concrete Demolition
03 10 00 - Concrete Forming
03 20 00 ~ Concrete Reinforcing
03 30 00 - Cast-in-Place Concrete
31 20 00 ~ Earthwork
31 40 00 ~ Steel Sheet PilingBrief Description
In this paper, the author describes the tasks necessary of a construction estimator to
prepare an organized, complete, and accurate estimate. These tasks include, but
are not limited to:
‘* Developing a thorough review of the plans and specifications
* Developing an understanding of the types of measure involved for the unit
price item quantities
* Specific factors to consider while performing quantity take off and pricing
Ensuring that labor, equipment, and material costs for all aspects are
considered as well as indirect costs and markups
* Considering special risks involved
+ Testing the estimate to determine the accuracy
There are generally four types of estimates including Order of Magnitude, Square
Foot / Cubic Foot, Assemblies or Systems, and Unit Price. The Order of Magnitude
estimate is used for initial project planning, is based on historic data and attempts to
reflect a +/- 20% accuracy. The Square Foot estimate is generally based on building
use, used when only approximate size and basic parameters are known and
typically produces estimates with +/- 15% accuracy. The Assemblies estimate is
used during the design development stage, contains groups of individual items
combined into a convenient unit of measure and may reflect a +/- 10% accuracy.
The Unit Price estimate requires the use of working drawings and specifications, can
be done at various stages of the drawings and specifications development and has
been shown to produce an accuracy of +/- 5% typically. For this paper, the author
discusses the preparation of a unit price estimate to determine the probable
4construction cost of a project just before the project is bid. The estimate will be
based on plans and specifications that marked bid documents, are out of the design
phase and are ready for construction. In preparing the estimate, there are direct
costs such as materials, labor, subcontractor(s) and project overhead, There are
also indirect costs such as taxes and insurance, overhead and profit, and bonding to
be considered. These direct and indirect costs are discussed later in this paper at
Section 4, The quantity determined for each direct cost item will be multiplied by a
unit cost to come up with a total unit amount. The total unit amounts are then tallied
to give a subtotal of the cost. The indirect cost items are then factored as well as
any contingencies to give a total probable construction cost.
Section 2- Types of Methods of Measurement
The unit of measurement is typically dictated by the types of measurement for a
spillway project that can include the following components:
* Demolition of existing concrete walls or slabs would be measured in linear
feet (LF) for structural members of a common thickness or by cubic yard
(cy).
«Forming for cast-in-place concrete construction would typically be based on
square feet of contact area (SFCA) for walls or linear feet (LF) for slab
forming.
‘* Steel reinforcing for the cast-in-place concrete would be measured by the
pound (LB) or ton (TN) depending on the quantity.
* Purchasing, delivery and placement of cast-in-place concrete would be
measured by the cubic yard (CY).* Finishing of cast-in-place concrete would typically be measured in square feet
(SF).
* Earthwork such as common excavation, select support materials, backfill or
stone fill would be measured by the bank cubic yard (BCY) for material being
excavated, loose cubic yard (LCY) for material being hauled or rip rap stone
placement and compacted cubic yard (CCY) for material in place being
compacted.
* Steel sheeting would be measured in square feet (SF).
As stated above, concrete slab demolition or purchase, delivery and placement of
concrete for walls or slabs of the spillway construction would be measured by a CY.
ACY is equivalent to 27 cubic feet (CF) and is a three dimensional measurement of
volume. For footings, walls and slabs being demolished or constructed, the
dimensions for each can typically be found on the project plans, sections, details or
a combination of all three. After determining the total CF of volume, this amount will
then need to be divided by 27 to determine the CY volume.
For earthwork, a BCY is an in-place three dimensional volume measure determined
by the length and width of the work area to be excavated, multiplied by the depth for
the required excavation. The horizontal dimensions would be determined from the
plans with the depth of excavation determined by looking at sections or profiles. The
depth would need to account for the deepest portion of the constructed piece such
as the bottom of the footing or slab plus an added depth for any select support
materials that are called for under the footing or slab. When material is excavated,
the quantity of material will expand to greater than the bank or in-place status and
become a LCY. ALCY can be calculated by using the BCY quantity multiplied by
61.25 for a 25% “swell” factor. If the excavated material needs to be hauled away for
storage or wasted, the estimator will need to account for the material quantity in the
LCY or swelled state. Determining the volume necessary for the select support
backfill materials under a conerete structure can be found by determining the area of
the structure (including extra widths typically required) multiplied by the depth of
material called for. The volume required for backfill around constructed structures
can be determined by obtaining the length, width, and depths remaining from the
excavation with the constructed structures in place. Since the backfill material is
usually compacted in place, the estimator must account for the additional
compaction or “shrinkage” of the material from an in-place BCY state toa CCY. The
volume for a CCY can be caloulated by dividing the calculated in-place BCY volume
by 0.9 for a 90% shrinkage factor. Consideration should also be given that a certain
percentage of the select materials can be lost/spilled in the process of getting it from
the truck dump site to the in place location. For rip rap stone fill, the required
volume for placement can be determined by obtaining the length, width and depth to
be filled. There will need to be a swell factor of 25% to 50% applied to account for
the loose placement of the rip rap stone fill
Steel reinforcing, if not included in the concrete CY cost, would be measured by the
LB or TN. The quantity by the LB can be calculated by multiplying the length of the
rebar by the published weight per foot of a particular size and grade of rebar. If
there is a large quantity of rebar, the quantity can be converted to TN simply by
dividing the LB obtained by 2000.
For steel sheeting, the SF quantity can be found by multiplying the horizontal length
of sheeting required, found on the plans, by the vertical length required, found on thesections. The vertical length would include the amount below grade as well as what
is above grade.
For forming of a concrete wall the SFCA is determined by obtaining the length and
width of the forming required to construct the walll multiplied by 2 to account for both
sides of the forms. The quantity for slab forming measured in LF is simply obtained
by measuring the perimeter of forming required around a slab to be constructed.
Section 3 - Specific Factors to Consider for Project Takeoff and Pricing
There are specific factors to consider for estimating the takeoff and pricing such as
small quantities vs. large quantities, geographic location and the seasonal effects on
work.
Small Quantities vs. Large Quantities
In general, smaller quantities will have a higher unit cost than larger quantities. With
a larger project, the various fixed costs can be spread out over the larger quantities
resulting in a lower cost per unit. For a smaller project, the same fixed costs are still
present but need to be spread over fewer quantities resulting in a higher cost per
unit. There are other factors that increase pricing for smaller projects. For concrete
construction, a project that contains a wall that is 30 feet long would cost more per
CY to construct than a wall that is 120 feet long. One of the factors that contribute to
this is concrete forming. A wall that is 30 feet long would require 30 feet of forming.
If there is only 30 feet on the project, the forms would only be used once. If the
project contains 120 feet of wall, the same forms that were used to form 30 feet
could be used again three more times therefore spreading the cost of the forming
out over the entire 120 feet for a lower cost per CY. The savings would be realizedin the reduced materials needed as well as the labor required to build the additional
forms.
Geographic Location
The cost of construction can be impacted by geographic location. Supplies such as
lumber or concrete will be more expensive to get to a project in a remote location vs.
project that is in the same town as the lumber yard or concrete batch plant. Room
and boarding expenses during the week for a construction crew or crews working
away from home in a remote area can also be a factor. For a larger project, these
expenses can have a significant effect on the final cost. Excavation methods and
costs can also vary with geographical location. In an area where ledge is present,
the excavation required for an underground component will be more expensive than
an area where soil that can be easily excavated by an excavator is present. The
ledge will require hammering or blasting to be broken up first and then removed by
the excavator.
Seasonal Effect on Work
There are several seasonal effects found with concrete, sheeting and site work
required for a spillway project. When considering concrete, if the work is done
during cold weather such as winter, the concrete forming as well as the concrete will
need to be protected from freezing. This can be as simple as placing insulated
blankets or as complex as building an enclosure and placing temporary heat within
the enclosure. Specifications may require that the concrete be kept at a minimum of
50 degrees for a period of 7 days or more during curing time. Conversely, during
extremely hot dry weather, the concrete will need to be protected to prevent rapidsurface evaporation. This may require that either the concrete is in a constant wet
or damp state for a period of time during curing,
For excavation or backfilling, the seasonal effects would include freezing
temperatures that create frost in the ground that is more difficult to excavate as well
as frozen backfill material that cannot be adequately placed or compacted. Both of
these conditions would have an impact on the schedule. In rainy weather,
excavation or backfill could be hampered by slippery conditions or the need for
dewatering activities.
Freezing, extreme hot weather or rain/snow could all have an impact on the workers
and equipment as well, that will adversely affect productivity. In some climates,
winter construction is halted or shutdown during a period when the weather is too
cold to work productively. The estimator will need to review and consider what
weather conditions may be at certain times of the year. This will result in the need to
plan and make corresponding adjustments for efficiency of work in the estimate.
Section 4- Overview of Labor, Material, Equipment and Indirect Costs and
Approach to Markups
This section of the paper provides information on how labor, material, equipment,
indirect costs and approach to markups factor in to develop an accurate estimate.
Labor Costs
Labor is a direct cost associated with performing the work necessary to do the
project. It is recommended to use historical production rates and costs for labor
from previous projects. This historical production information can be obtained from
past project records if available. The production used should be of a similar nature
of work for the estimate being prepared. If the historical production is not available
10from a previous project, industry standard production rates can be obtained from a
number of estimating production source books. Labor is usually delivered in the
form of a cost per unit measured to then be multiplied by the quantity obtained to
come up with a unit labor cost for that item. The estimator will need to use either
“open shop" rates if the union rates do not apply or use the prevailing wages for the
area if union rates do apply to the project,
Material Costs
The cost of materials is another direct cost that is associated with providing the
materials necessary for the construction. The cost for the materials can be obtained
by contacting the supplier of the materials required such as lumber for forming,
concrete or select support and backfill materials as required for this estimate. An
estimator may also choose to refer to an estimating production source book for the
material cost. Material costs are offered in the form of a cost per unit that will need
to be multiplied by the quantity estimated for a total unit cost for that item. When
estimating a quantity for the material, the estimator will sometimes need to round up
to the nearest quantity. As an example, if a quantity of concrete is determined of
35.7 CY, the estimator will need to round the quantity up to the next whole CY or 36
as 0.7 CY of concrete is not available from a batch plant.
Equipment Costs
Equipment cost, another direct cost, is the cost of the equipment necessary to
construct the project. Some equipment necessary for a spillway project would
include excavators, bulldozers, cranes, concrete pumps, dewatering pumps and
miscellaneous small tools. These costs are usually applied to the estimate by
udetermining the unit costs for the equipment that is then multiplied by the quantity
obtained to come up with a total unit cost for that item.
Indirect Costs
Indiract costs are the costs incurred by a company that do not become a final part of
the installation but are required for the orderly completion if the installation
Examples of such costs include labor burden, overhead and general conditions. The
labor burden and overhead costs are based on the company’s requirements or
desires to do business and be successful. The general conditions typically include
bonds, permit fees, taxes and may include project requirements such as field
trailers, administration and supervision and costs for miscellaneous work and project
cleanup. Indirect costs are usually applied to the estimate as a percentage of the
estimate cost.
Markups
Markups are costs applied to an estimate that can include profit desired on the
project or contingencies if there are unknowns about the project. Markups are also
applied to the estimate as a percentage of the estimated cost. The profit considered
would typically be a fixed percentage when preparing an estimate for probable
construction cost. However from a contractor's point of view, factors such as current
work, backlog of work and competition from other contractors bidding are
considered. For instance, when a contractor has sufficient work and backlog and
the competition is low, they may consider raising the percentage of profit. However,
when there is not a sufficient workload or backlog, the contractor may consider
reducing the percentage just to secure the work. They may also reduce the
percentage if there is significant interest from other contractors bidding. If the
12project is difficult or contains risks or unknowns, a contingency may be factored into
the project to cover costs that are not known at the time of the estimate but may be
encountered during construction. Again this would be factored in as a percentage of
the estimate cost. The markups for risks, competition, and backlog may be
significant and can overshadow the other factors used in preparing an accurate cost
estimate.
Section 5 — Special Risk Considerations
There are several special risk considerations the estimator should account for when
preparing an estimate for the construction of a spillway improvement project. Such
considerations include weather, site access, confined work areas, safety, weight
restrictions for area roads and quality control. For example:
Rain can cause delays and damage to work in progress at a spillway
improvement project. A rain event can raise the level of the reservoir and if
too much, flooding into the work area can occur delaying the progress to
continue work. The flooding can also undermine walls or footings that have
been completed causing potential damage.
* Site access needs to be considered. A spillway can be located in a remote
portion of a reservoir where an access road may need to be built to gain
access for deliveries and construction.
* Confined work areas, a potential factor at a spillway project, can have an
impact on the project cost. Limited room may mean materials and equipment
need to be stored at another location off site. Production may be slowed also
due to equipment having to operate around other equipment or constructed
work.
13Safety when working at a spillway project needs to be carefully considered
The height at which workers are working from can be significant. Fall
protection will need to be provided to mitigate the risk from a fall hazard.
Workers can also be working adjacent to water which will make it necessary
to provide adequate water type rescue equipment.
Weight restrictions on area roads can affect a project schedule. In some
areas of the country roads are posted for weight limits during the late
winter/spring months while the frost is leaving the road. As such, deliveries of
materials or mobilization of equipment to the site may need to be delayed
Quality control for a spillway project is important. Steel sheeting that is
incorporated into a cast-in-place wall must be driven plumb in order to ensure
the wall construction is as well. The estimator must know the soil type in the.
area of sheeting installation. If the soil has cobbles or boulders, extra time for
sheeting installation or correction will need to be factored in,
Section 6 ~ Ratios and Analysis to Test the Estimate
Historical cost data is the best resource for analysis after the estimate has been
prepared. Even though each spillway improvement project will likely have a different
scope of work and different types of materials, there are usually enough similarities
such as earthwork and concrete construction to use the historical information for
overall costs per unit and production rates from past spillway projects or projects
containing these components to make a comparison of bid prices. Also, historical
pricing for general conditions and profit margins from past projects of a similar
nature can be compared as well. A good estimator will enhance their ability to
develop a complete estimate, maintaining historical data and learning how to
14consistently incorporate the feedback data to prepare an accurate estimate reflective
of construction costs at that moment in time at that particular location.
Section 7 - Miscellaneous Pertinent Information
A project can be funded by many different sources. Whether it by local funding,
state funding, federal funding or, a combination of any of these types, each funding
package has their own requirements. One of the requirements may be the wage
rates that a contractor must pay for a project. A locally funded project may contain
no wage restrictions meaning the local wages of that area would be used
Conversely, a federally funded project may require that Davis Bacon wage rates are
used which can increase the overall construction cost of the project. The estimator
will need to ensure the additional money for a worker's hourly rate is factored into
the bid for a project with that type of funding. A federally funded project may require
open and free competition on materials that are used for the project. This may mean
a water main project will need to specify ductile iron pipe, PVC pipe and
polyethylene pipe as choices for the water main material, All three of these pipe
types carry a vastly different price per foot to purchase. The estimator will need to
consider how each type will affect production rates and different trench requirements
in addition to the different price to purchase. The estimator should be familiar with
the different funding requirements in order to ensure all factors are considered in an
estimate.
15Section 8 — Sample Plan
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16Section 8 — Sample Sections
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(NO 2460 HORIZONTAL,Section 9 - Sample Estimate - Takeoff and Pricing Sheets
Project No. | 100000
Project —_Spilway improvement
‘Town ‘Anywhere
Prepared by RNG
(Checked by ABC
Date December 1, 2013
Division 02 Existing Conditions Quantities
Line Number] Description
[Demolition
[Concrete wall amotio, rod reliforead,
lo241 13.00 [15 high Length | NA. Na | Amount | unt
Wall 260 Li Hx 7 260 260 uF
otal 260 LE
[Haul common exe. rratela 2 miles
[312323 20 _|dump site 30 mph Avg (30% swell) Length | Height |Thickness| Amount | unt
‘Wall 1260 Lx 18'Hx139T 260 46 [133 250 Lcy
Total 250 Ley
[Gorerete Tab Demoliion, rod venforced,
lozat 13:47 [Po 24" thick Length_| with | hickness| Amount | unit
‘Slab 1140 x25 Wx a7 T 140 23 | 067. 20. cy,
‘Slab 260. x25 Wx. 67 T 50. 25 | 067 3t cy,
‘Slab 3 50_L x31" Wx.67T, 50, 3 os 8 cy
‘Slab 460° 10 Wx 677 50, 10 | 047 12 cy
Toa 162 cy
[Raul common exe. material mies
[31 2323 20_|dump site 30 mph Avg (90% swe) NA NA, NA | Amount_| _unie
Use slab demo quantity x 30% 211 Lcy
[Total 2H Ley,
18Project No,
Project
Town
Preoared by
‘Checked by
Dae
100000
Spiliy Improvement
Aoychere
RNG
8c
December 1,2013
Division 03 Concrete Quantites
(Line Humber] Description
Footings
Focting, 26° vide by 12° deep, 2000 psi
los03 40 concrete, int, deivered andciaced | Lenat | wish | peo | amount | una
Fooling 1 48 3 1 50. cy
Footing? 2 4 58 cy
Footing 3 fl Y
Total 7 cy
wars
|Foms inplace, 10°-20°high, job ball
los 1112.85 lotyood, 1 use (ne! 1 bulnens) engin | Heignt | ssises | amount | unt
‘Wall 1 90" ong x 18 bighx2 ck | 90 9 3.420 | SFCa
Wall? 107 x20 Hx2T n7, 2 2 460 | sFCA.
‘wis 347 x20 8x? T 3 a 4.720 FCA.
Walls 100 L1H x2 “00 ‘3 aeoo | sec,
Wall 550" x12 Ax? 50 2 2 4,200 | SFCA
wal6SO°L x1 Lx2T 0 ET 4.100 | seca
Total 20,720_|_SFCA
[Rebar A815 Grade 60, deta cat, bent, | Length
|deivered, inst, #6 at 1 Sios/t 12°12" | Plus 10%
Jos 21 10.60 _|mat(10-50 ton ot) or Sotcinal wegnvt | otmtats | amount | una
Walt90'onaxighanxPtnick | ssi [1s 2 28 Ton |
Wall? 107 Lx20' x2 T 2574 | 15. 2 39) Ton
Wall 343 x20'H x27. 60 1s 2 13 7
Wall 100Lx1@Hx2 F 4300 | 15. 2 6S Ton
Wall SSO" x12 Hx? T so | 15 2 0 i?
Wall SOL x11 Lx2T sso [4 2 08 Ton
46.4 Ton.
[Structural concrete, 4000 psiveady
joa 2105.35, Ss tena» | Heit | deo | amount | une
‘Wall 90-iong x1 highx2 hick [90 19 2 1267 cy,
il 107 x20" Hx? T ur 2 2 173.3 cy,
Wall 343° x20 Hx 27 4 2 2 om cy
Walls 100°L «16H x27 “100 ‘3 2 38S cy,
Wall S50" x12 Hx?'T 50 2 2 44a cy
Wall 650" XAT Lx2T 0 mn 2 407 cy
Total 767, cy
[Concrete pumped (nciided equipment &
103 315070_loperator, mob and dem ath_|_Heiaht | Depth | Amount | _Unit
‘Al vallconcrele to be pumped 7st cy,
jal fish (includes Breaking fies and Number of
los 352060 _[pstehinate holes tenath | Helo | sites | Amount | une
al 190-long x IS nigh MEK | 90 19 2 SF
/a12 107 x20 Hx? T. 7 4.680 E
wal 343" x20 2. 3 Fa 1.720 F
Wall ¢100°L x16 Hx2T 100 % 2 3.600. SF
jalSSOL X12 Wx? T 0 1 2 200 F
650 XITL x2. 0 rT 1.100 SE
Total 20,720 | SF
19[Slabs
Forms, slab on grade, edge wood, PAZ
los 111365 high, 4use Length | with | x2_| Amount
Slab 189 Lx 18 Wx 35 T 3 16 2 218 IF
Slab 2 601L x 105 Wx 1387 0 | 195) 2 139) Le
‘Slab 3 60° x25'Wx 1.837 50 25 2 7160 LF
Slab 4 50°L x30.5 Wx 1337 50 305 2 761 LF
668 LE
Rebar ABTS, Grade 60, deta, cat bent, | Length
\deivered, inst, #7 at21 Ibs, 12°x 12" | Plus 10% |
los 21 1060 _|mat (10-50 ton lt for Splcing| Weight | # ofMats | _ Amount
‘Sab 199 x18 WISE T ves7_ [24 2 34 Ton
‘Slab 260 Lx 195 Wx 1357 1073 | 24 2 23. Ton
‘Slab 3 50 L x25 Wx 1.33 T 1375 | 24 2 29 Ton
Slab 4 50° x30.5 Wx 133 T tere] 24 2 35. Ton
324 Ton
[Structural coneret, 4000 palready
los310535 _|mixdelvered Length_| with | Deptn_| amount
Slab 1 9 Lx TS Wx isd T 3 16 [1.33 733 oy.
Slab 2 60 Lx 18.5 Wx 138 T | 195 | 133, 48.0 cy
Slab 3 60 L x28 Wx 13317 50 25 | 133. 516: cy
Slab 4 601L x308 Wx 1337. so gos | 133 75A cy
258 cy
(Concrete pumped (nctded equipment &
Jos.31 6070 _|operator, mob and demab from sits) Length_|_widih_|_Depin_| Amount
‘Allsiab concrete tobe pumped 255 a
Firiah slab, float, broom fish, edging and
los35 20 30_oinis Length | with | na | Amount
‘Slab 1961 x16 Wx 1387 %. 16 14880 | SF
‘Slab 2 60° x19.5 Wx 1337 50} 195 9750 SE,
‘Slab 3 60°L x25 W133 T 50, 25 12500 | SF
Slab 4 50°L x30.5' Wx 1.357 ‘50 | 308, 15250 | SF
[5.238 ‘SF
20Project No.
Project
Town
Prepared by
(Checked by
Date
100000
‘Spiway improvement
‘Anywhere
RNG
‘ABC
December 1,201
[Division 34 (Earthwork Quantities
Line Number] Description
[Sheeting
[Steet sheeting, 5 deep, 27 pst, lei
3141 16 10 [place Length _| Height Amount_| Unit
Wal 60 Lx 13H. 20 34 3,060 SF
Wall? 107 Lx20'H, 107 35 3.745 SF
Wall 4 100° Lx 16H, 71007 3t 3,100 SE
Total 9.905 SF,
[Excavation
[Common excavation w Exe, 7 ey buck
st 23 16.42 loaded into tuck Lenath_| With | Deptr_| Amount | unit
Wal 310 Lxi@Wiavgx@O [110 16 a 215 | BCY
‘Wall 570° Lx 12 W (avg) x6 D- 70, 12 6 1967 | BcY
Wall 670° Lx 12" W (avg) x5°D. 70. 12 5 1556 | BOY,
Total 364 BCY
[Raul common exe. material 2 miles To
[21232320 [dump site 30 mph Avg Na. NA. Na] Amount
Use exc. Total x 25% Swell 1,080 — | “tev
Total 4,080 | Ley
[Back
Placing sructural back delvered tothe
[31232314 [site Length | wish | Depth | amount | unit
Wal 195 Lx8 W (ag) x12 D. rs 6 12 3167 | Lcy,
Wal? 12 Lx6'W (avg) xizD | 412 8. 12 3733 [Icy
Wal 363 Lx 13°W (avg) iD | 63 13 15 5658 | _LcY.
[Wat a 105° x6°W (avg) x 12D [10s 6 12 350.0 | _LoY,
Wall 70 L x7 W (avg) xD 70 7 8 1815 | _Lcy
Wall 6 70"L x 8 W (avg) xD 70, 3 8 2074 | Ley
‘Sab 1991x168 Wx2D. 33 16 2 137.8 | Ley
‘Slab 2 60° x195 Wx D 50 | 195, 2 903 Loy
‘Slab 3 60° x25 Wx2'D. 50. 25 2 is7| LY
Slab 4 50° x 305 Wx2 0 ‘50 | 308, 2 1412 [toy
Total 2483 | Ley
ratory walk behind role, 12° ate, 4
Ist 2323.23 |passes Na. Na. Na_|amount_| unit
‘Use LGY amount convered to COY 2207 | coy
Toll 2207 | _ccy,
Placing crushed gravel under footings
3123.23 16_|delvered to ste Length_| width | Depin_| _Amount_| unit
‘Wall 45° xF Wx? D. 45 4 2 167, cy
Wall? 52 Lx4Wx2D_ 62 4 2 193) cy
Wall 352° Lx4Wx2D. 52 4 2 193. icy
Toa! 55 Ley,
[Wicatoy wak behind rer, Ws, 4
ls1 232325 passes NA Na NA | Amount _| unit
Use LGY amount converted fo OY 49 ‘coy
Total 49 cy
2[Slope Restoration
Rip Rep, machine placed for slope
Ist 3713 10_[protecton Length | with | Depth | Amount | unit
‘Area 1125 Lx 7S W(avgxSD | 125 75 3 21701 | —1cy
‘Acwa 2 109 x68'W (avg) x50 | 109) 63 3 4,741.0 | _LCY
Total Ley,
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24Section 10 - Glossary of Terms
1.
Construction Specifications Institute (CS!) 2004 Master Format — A standard
developed by CSI for organizing specifications and other written information
for commercial building projects in the United States. The purpose of the
format is to assist the user in locating specific types of information from within
the standardized outline form, The 2004 Master format contains nearly 50
sections whereas the pre 2004 format contained only 16.
Open Shop Rates — Wage rates that are non union influenced. Typically well
below the union rates per position
Prevailing Wages — A defined hourly wage, including benefits and overtime,
paid to the majority of workers, laborers and mechanics within a particular
area. Prevailing wages are determined by regulatory agencies for each trade
and occupation employed in public works type of work as well as State
Departments of Labor.
Contingency — An amount included in a construction budget to cover the cost
of unforeseen factors related to the construction.
Davis-Bacon Wage Rate - Wages for a contractor or subcontractor
performing work on a federally funded or assisted project for the construction
or repair of public buildings or public works. These rates must be no less
than the locally prevailing wages and fringe benefits, where the work is to be
performed, for corresponding work on similar projects in the area
25