PISS University of Agder Department of Information and Communication Technology EXAM iKrn9 ‘Ad Hoe Networking Date: “Tuesday, 29° October 2013 Duration: 9:00 13:00 Number of pages ine wang front pase 1 Remedies Caleulator ‘Exam statement Language: Teacher: “Tho exam for IKT 429-2013 is splitinto two sets, The fit sts ‘nse on the ns? simulation exercise and i eount 20 points of the ial Score, Ths is the second set ofthe exam adit counts 80 points ofthe Final sere The questions are given in English ony, Bul you can write your “ansers ether n English or tn Norwegian Frank Y.Li Rit Wat QZ tq 3 2 tA7 +60 TAX =zRSWw Part 1: Multiple Choice Questions (15%) For each question below, there may be 2eo, one or several correct answers. You get 0 point iyou mark a correct answer alemative. You aso get 0.5 point if you leave th: wrong answer alicmtive unmarked Otherwiso you get 0 point There are 11 questions an 30 answer leaves inthis pa. Fach ance aematve onespnds fo. pm You dot gt any pit if you mark all 30 anher allematves 2 Conoco eae 30 answer seraties are Mark an answer as correct by filing in the chesk-box CI with an *x? (BS ), or teave it blank to unslet a wrong answet, Draw an “O° around te checkbox (©) to invalidate am already marked answer semative. 141 General knowledge about mobility (1.0%) ‘Which statements) below sare correct regarding the sie concep of mobility? UG Macro mobility deals withthe scenario that a group ofend users travel together and they fom an adhoc network which i always connected othe Internet C/ B Micro mobility deals with nta-domain mobiliy and requires seamless services. 1.2_TEEE 802.11 WLAN architecture (15%) ‘Which statement) below sare corret according tothe principle of 802. L-based WLAN? \U Bt several physical layer techniques. 2. OFDM (Orthogonal Prequeney Di ‘Multplexing) and MIMO (Multiple Input and Multiple Oupu) exist n 802 WLANs, but the CSMA/CA (Carrer Sense Multiple Access/Colision Avoidance) [MAC mechanism applies to all a them Gi Fora WLAN operated in the infrastructure mode al tfc over the wieless nkhsto ovate AP (Aces Pin UB inorder to join a WLAN, a station can iter sean exis passively uni a beacon message is recsived from an AP. ing networks atively or wa 1.3 Reliable transmission in IEEE 802.11-based multi-hop ad hoe networks (1.5%) ‘Which statement() listed below isfare correct regarding how reliable packet transmission is achieved in IEEE 802.1 -based mult-hop ad hoc networks? UD atiayer 2, every sucessful packet ransmission has tobe acknowledged fom the receiver tothe transmiter no matter itis unicast or multitbroadcast, Gat ayer 3, reliable transmission may also be required by certain protons for instance WOSPF (Wireless Open Shortest Path First) and it can be achieved by requiring an ACK message from each reeiver, Latins hot ak ls taste bh TE nd UDP tele flows.14 Understanding routing protools in ad hoe networks (1.5%) Which statements) below isare comect regarding the principles of routing in ad hoe networks? Yv 1 The originally designed AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector protocol by RFC3561 does ot support Inteet connection since there ino HNA (Host and Network Association) or sinilar messages defined. ~o.5 Di Theoriginaly designed hop-count based OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) protocol by RFC3626 does not provide stable routes in realife mut-hop a hoe ‘etworks even thnugh the network topology is stati. 1 Nodes runing reactive outing protocols establish rote oll desinations in the same nto in th ital phase no mater they ave trait end or not. 1.5 Performance parameters in communication networks: Basle concept (1.0%) Is the following unit used eorectly as a parameter for performance evaluation in ‘communication etworks? [Packet oss aio ~no unit (since itis in percentage), 1D Throughput ~ He (Here). 146 D2D (Device-to-Device) communication (15%) ‘Which statement) below isare comect regarding the concep of D2D communication? \U, G Dad commurieaton technology enables mobile devices to communicate with each ‘other with and without the coordination from an infestrcture 0.5 Based on WiFi Direct. a printer can be connected to a mobile phone directly via LTE (Long Term Evolition). U1 p20 communisation is mainly focusing on oneshop pee-t-peee communication 17 Mutbhop ad he networks: why i sx a magic number? (1.5%) ‘Which stents blow fee oes when ne cai that sta magic numer in talc ado ewok? UB Fach note in purely inte a oe network should have abot 6 oe top neighbors nnd o Keep te network fly eommetd VG Ina tly comseeted ad hoe network, a source can always reac its destination node within approximately 6 hops, regardless ofthe sizeof the multi-hop ad hoe mt 1B The end-to-end throughput in a multihop ad hoe network becomes sable after sppeoximately 6 bops. 18 tor dternet of Thing (1.0%) ‘Whih statement) below re crest regarding te concept of IT? UH @ tor wit not be built based on IPv4 but on IPv6, (4 Correct ) YG tot means tat lions of wires senor nodes are connected bed onthe (LowPAN proeo19 General knowledge on IEEE 802.11 family (15%) Which statements) below isle comet with respect t the following £021 standard amendment? 1 a02.11gis operated at 5 GHz. 1 $02.1 1u enables intemetworking between WiFi and cellular networks, W802 11m uses MIMO technology inorder to achieve 100 Mbps-level high capacity 110 Performance esluton of IEE 902.1-bsed mali-hop a os network (1.5%) Wc stamens low var cect pring te aoa 9 UE oF TCP trl in EEE 90211 -bse hop ad eno? ©; bias mosaic to aan th thought of WLAN ately when hee exist mip stations covered bythe same WLAN VU. CiRetransmission at layer 4 is not necessary for TCP flows for 8021 -based WLANS or doc nctwork snc an ACK fe eed fr xh nas pct a ayer? Vo ‘Higher per-hop date rate will always lead to higher end-to-end throughput regardless eft dstunce between te source node ade destination node, 1.11 CSMA/CA mechanism in 802.11 WLANs (5%) Wiile two nodes (nodes A and B) are ransmiting to each other, how long does another node node C) nearby have to defer is tansisson attempt? We assume that RTSICTS are enabled, (Di Fora period randomly selected from the hackof interval [0, CWnin-]. p(X, O Fora petod specified bythe NAV (Network Allocation Vector fed it the MAC frame from nodes A and Bs decoded corel. \U/ Fora period oF EIFS (Extended intr Frame Specs) ifthe channel is seme as busy but he received MAC fame from nodes A and B cannot be decoded correct: Part 2: Essay Questions (65%) ‘Write your answers tothe following questions ona separate shee of paper ‘Question 2: MAC mechanisms in IEEE. 802.11 WLANs and throughput azlyssin 802. {I-hased WLANs and multihop ad hoc networks (30%) 2.1. Whats the main diffrence between the infrastructure mode and the ade mode? What isthe PLCP (Physical Layer Convergence Protocol)? How does a receiver know at which data rate to transi? (6%)2.2 Consider an 802.11 WLAN where RTSICTS are enabled. Explain the major steps on how «station sucessfully sends a packet (fom carer sensing to ACK reception). What hapers i 4 station is notable Yo tans its packet sucesly? Tow does TCP and UDP tafe eat respectively ith pact arisen a ye wo fais? (8%) 23 Consider an 802.11g-based multi-hop ad hoe network and thatthe DCF (Distributed Coordination Funetion) is adopted as the MAC mechanism. ‘The network parameters are configured a: rave dita ree 34 Mbpe, Slot time = 9s T-DIFS ~ 3 ys, T/SIFS = 16 (CW min = 31 Slot sme, L_ACK = [bytes and the ACK frame is transmit at 24 Mbps. RTSICTS ace disabled in this network. The other physical and management overheads are already included in or eleuation ‘Assume hat that thee is only one user in this network but he is using the network over fvo- hops, The service considered is Skype voice withthe average MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) size as 120 bytes, What is the maximum achieved throughput inthis to-hop network? ist wo techniques which can inerease the throughput of he above network. (6%) 2.4 Continue the above question ad futher assume thatthe required bit rate for one voice ‘conservation is 32 keps and all stations are using the same voice service. How many users can this network support simultaneously? Furthermore, wil these uses receive the same quality and why? (6). 2.5 In an Extended Service Set (ESS), up to four MAC addresses may be used for one fonection, What ar these four addresses? Which two addresses may change for a packet ‘eansmission over multiple hops? (6%) ‘Question 3: Routing Protocols in Ad Hoe Networks (29%) 3.1 AODV (6%) 3.1.1 Explain briely step-by-step how AODY works (49%). 3.12 As a source nde is attempting 10 generate tafe towards a destination node, what happens iit hs alrexdy a rout othe destination? What happen for an intermediate node and the source node respectively if there is link break along the path while session is undergoing? (49%) 32 OLSR (15%) 3.2.1 Why is OLSR a Tink state routing protocol? In an OLSR network, how does a node ‘know the link and connection information about the nodes that ae one, two a re hop aay From it? (596) 3.22 Consider an OLSR-based multshop ad hoe network and assume that all links are symmetric. The following table lists the one-hop neighborhood foreach node. a) Constuet the tworhop neighbarhood, the MPR (Muli-point Relay) set and the MS (Multipoint relay Selector se of each nde inthe network; and b) Establish the routing table for node C. (89%)MPR MS foe Hb pte heer ‘Tab 1 One-hopneighbortoed ible fr an ad hoe network with 7 nodes. 3.23 Specify the coments ofthe HELLO messages sen by D in the intl state andthe steady State respectively. 2%) HELLO ()=< > Gil state) HELLO (D) =< > (sendy state) 3.3 WOSPP (Wireless Open Shortest Path Firs) (6%) 5.34 Can we build a WOSPP network based onthe concept of MPR? Why o why nat (296) 3.32. Consider « mobile ad hoe network operated on CDS(Coanected Dominstng Set)-hased 'WOSPF, as shown below. What is « CDS? Which nodes do ou selec inorder to form a CDS, buckbone for this network? Is this backbone unique? (9%) Fig. 1: A mobile ad hoe network with nodes running WOSPF.teston 4: Wireles Networks in General and WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) (6%) 4.1 IEEE 802 Wireless Networks 2%) ia We have introduced the concept of BANPAN/LANMAN/WANIRAN (Body/Personal ‘Local/Metropolitan'Wide/Regional Area Network) in the context of ad hoc networking. Which type of these wireless nerworks doesnot support mulichop communication? Which ‘ype does Bluetooth along to? (2%) 42 Wireless Sensor Networks (4%) 42.1 Assume that you are designing a medium- or large-size WSN for environment ‘monitoring purpose. Do you prefer to use 802.11 or 802.1544 as the underlying lyerwo technology and why? 2%) 442.2 Network iene isan important parameter for WSN design. List wo techniques which «am extend the lifetime of WSN designed fr environment monitoring. (234)neko ME 42S. 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