2-0/7 will be measured to model the flow correctly. Since the design parameters given restrict the experiment to (0 Report | Experimental Fluid Dynamics Group B Arash Hassanzadeh, Luke Provart, Chenggong Lu, Bhoomin Chtuhan, Vasanth Kamar Tete 1. Introduction Jet flow is of great interest for scientists and engineers. It is encountered in many engineering, appligations such as furnaces due to its ability to enhance and control combustion. Its potentially useful in the Aeronautics industry for its capability to produce thrast and reduce engine noise. Industrial activities often result in large quantities of pollutants being discharged into the atrnospbere and hydrosphete (rivers, lakes, oceans) in the form of turbulent jets. These damage the ecosystem and endanger human health Lime heey Deru Further research in this field is necessary to allow for better understanding of jet flow behavior and 10 provide a means for validating computational models. x As aesult of this importance, several studies have been performed to better understand non-swirl > jet flow [1], (2], 3). Axisymmetric turbulent jets ace two-dimensional free shear flows, dependent on the 2 axial (XYand radial (1) positions. The profiles of the mean (axial and radial) velocities and Reynolds (normal and shear) stresses decay (in x) and spread (in 1) 7 In ode oobi the abeive of characterizing e tubules flow ever! components ofthe flow Yao Derr will be spatilly varied as opposed to a temporal ee a spatial detivation of he flow, the enti 5 based characterization. It wil be interesting to notpthat& pale! expermient will be un on atemporal — & basié, tis, the two experiment’s results can be cémpared allowing for thy of te experiment’s 3 characterization to be verified TP trey ale Rant ante patties rieee Uhey Sporty M1. Governing Equation re el aed eee meee Analysis ofthe jt flow requires theoretical knowledge 6 the flow ahd determination ofthe governing equations. For the non-swirling jet considered in this experiment, the equations of motion are expressed in cylindrical coordinate system (see Fig, 1). The entire derivation and simplification process is provided henceforth. Derivation of the non-swirling jet equations starf>by considering the instantaneous ‘governing equations of continuity and conservation of momentum. The full set of Reynolds Average ‘Stokes (RANS) equations in cylindrical coordinates are presented as follows: Fig. 1 Schematic of non-swirling jt flow coordinate system [4]Ceummust wer Re Per oF Te Semoce Liew Weir MAb Prancanet Fraime, Uber we a inch, v, w are instantaneous axial, radial, and tangential velocity components respectively. <~ |e oe Then the Reynolds decomposition is applied on the instanteous equation by splitting Wew. aU suy=+9, 5 "Sieh U, V, W are the mean axial radial, and tangential velocity and u, v, and w are fluctuations in axial, radial and tangential directions. Faby averaging the resultant equation, the Reynolds Averaged Navier- ___ Stokes equations (RANS) are obtained yy ANE =O Sane Tes cert corpo £2 (cm) ons cen Cove 1S Mote While jet flow can be very difficult to characterize, with simplifications to the governing equations, a certain fluid’s flow can relatively accurately. For this experiment, the main objective will be to quantify a turbulent specific governing equations with justified simplifications to euarb these equations. Oy niet Gautn Fe, BT fo dwt BesekeBE he In this case study, jet turbulence structure characterization (spatial), the flow is a tw nye WOE so there is noEhange in ime, So the first terms ymentum equation goes away. flowis — abpinw euewnn non-swirh so the Tangential velocity is zero, butstifl there is fluctuatioif in this direction, It can also be found (NOT. thatgbased on thephysi¢s.of the flow, there is nd change in tangential direction. The above assumptions \ roe opesbe ~ Fymine toyfoun, vein af 1% Sake Folate #5 oh? neta THUD NUE OG tt oumy o ed One of the characteristics of shear flows in general and jets in particular is that they tend to vary more slowly in the streamwise direction than across the flow such that the flow's change in the x-direction ‘will be much Jess than the change in the radial direction. Accounting for this assumption and applying an order of magnitude analysis where thin shear flow is considered. The properties are assumed to scaie as, {L},¥~ [R], U~{U.}, V-1Va F ean Fl ‘The above scaling yidid the simplified form of RANS equations presents fetow: By applying all above mentioned assumptions and performing an order of magnitude analysis, for momentum equation in axial dicection (x), the inertial term is balanced by the pressure gradient and the axial-radial stress. The mean radial equation reduces to a balance between the radial pressure gradient and the normal radial stress component. From the momentum equation in the azimuthal direction, it can be concluded that the remaining tem (radil-azimuthal term) is equal to zeroy Sich that for non-swirlng jet flow, the radial-azimuthal stress plays a small role in the flow dynamics 2nd its ceaticion right be unnecessary, ean be coveuded frm the simplified eautons thai} anja] mean velocity and etal ai pombined with resses should be measur ‘order to confirm the above mentioned assumptions, the assumed parameters can be measured in the experiment, For example, the mean azimutha! velocity can be measured to see that itis in fact zero, oF not. Velocity and pressure can be measured for the same radial and axial locations, but different azimuthal locations to determine whether i is axisymmetric’ In addition, from the simplified equation, for instance, the r-momentum equation, it can be concluded thatthe cross-stream pressure gradient is almost entirely due to the gradient of the cross-stream turbulence intensity. Thus, both of these quantities can be measured, and then checked whether they are actualy in balance or not.Wier onthe vizcumnpiee. Aur Tree PE las unleny tea Corte > Regarding other equations of interest, the ideal gas equation can be employed to determine the density, by considering the fact that the temperature and pressure are obtained from experiment. IIL. Conclusions sacral Dre For the spatiahesracon-of this turbulent jt low.charactesization, several parameters will need 10 ‘be measured. Perhaps the easiest to identify will be the fluid velocity and pressure at multiple points within ed the flow, The measurement of the velocity component determined in the above equations (those that seem ate, to have an important role within the equations) wil allow forthe calculation of other physical properties of.) T® oT the flow including the jet boundary for different velocities, the variation of Reynolds number in space and Y',) ~ "fh ‘modelling of eddies at different locations in the flow. Finally, the overall characterization of the flow can Glo ge be obtained by comparing the analytical results of all these quantities for the entire flow. Many physical [<* phenomena are the basis for these flow properties. WONG no Several physical phenomena will be important for characterizing this flow. The conseriation of 0” mags through the mass flow rate of the flow will be important to identify. Furthermore, the velocity at the \ ar" exit of the jet will be important to obtain, The shape and design of the jet flow to handle these LOG, aforementioned properties will have an overall effect on several other physical properis in the low that 26 will be important to characterize this turbulent jt flow. Namely the turbulence intensity and jet boundary farts low wil be the leading carci tha il mods theo and his infrmaion an Be med s ay 4, boundary conditions in numerical simulations. 21, OP tens é [1] Ribeiro, M. M. and Whitelaw, J. H., “Coaxial Jets With and Without Switk” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ‘Vol. 96, 1980, pp. 769-795. [2] Morse, A. P., Axisymmetric Free Shear Flows With and Withouy/Swif, Ph.D. thesis, London University, 1980 [3] Gopalan, H. et al., “Investigation of Non-Swirling and Gwirling/Turbulent Jet Flows Using Unified LES-RANS Models", 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting,” AIAA 2010-1289, Orlando, Florida, January 4-7, 2010, (4) Toutiaci $, Seman RC, Naughton JW. Reynolds Stress and Turbulence Kinetic Energy Balances in Incompressibiewitling Jets, 48th ALAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA 105, 4-7 Wi, Not Lover DeFos ON New -Siiele ne nat Rememmt TO Tame oN Ya Cun — DON le Ter Pag ww bi Temarute Phew) Gt) Simi — CERN Up Try Pee THAT pie. pepo 7A THE Popa ili