. ..

290300.00.000

. -26
. .

. .

_______

2016


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

...3
....4
5
..11
..15
..18
.21
23
- ..25

.27

290300.00.000
.
.

. .
.
.
. .
.
. .
.

25

1.

2478 ;
6 , 6 ;
() 4;
3,3, 3,6 ;
;
+ ;
;
1,81,8 ;
4,8 /2;
R0=0,19 ;
.;
III ( 180 /2).

290300.10.000
.

2.
15
R=8.5
Rt=0.75
400, Rs=365
.
:
1.
6 .
() :
1 1
1
h . .=

l= 6000=500 .
10 20
12
b . .= ( 0.4 0.5 ) h . . =250 .

2.
2 .
() :
1 1
1
6000
h . . =

l= l=
=400 .
15 20
15
15
b . .=( 0.4 0.5 ) h . . =200 .
.
1. /
. .

1
1
2000
t .=

l .=
=60 .
30 40
33

1 .

290300.10.000
.

3.


:
S =S 0 k
-
( 0 25 = 1)
b
h
k =10.2 1
( 1)
90
10
b-
h-
k=0. 953

S 0 1 2 , S 0=180
S =180 0,953 1=176,4

1.

2.
:
- 4
t=5 (1 )
- t=30
- t=250
-
3.

t=60 .
:
/

1.

2.

3.

. /2

1800

1.1

1764

50

1.2

240

180
60
50

1.2
1.2
1.2

648
1800
60

1440

1.1

1584

3580
. /2

4800
300

1.2
1.2

1440
:

1.1

6540

290300.10.000
.

.
2

. /2

6096
. /2
5760
360
1584
7704

 Q
1 . .

1,8 .
12 ,
100 ., 6 ., 1.8 .
q
=609,6 /

2 - Q.
q l 609,6 1.8
Q=
=
=548,64
2
2
q l 2 609,6 22
1 =
=
=179,56
11
11
2
2
q l 609,6 1.8
1 =
=
=141,08
14
14
q l 2 609,6 1.82
2 =
=
=123,44
16
16
2
2
q l 609,6 1.8
2 =
=
=123,44
16
16

290300.10.000
.

 3 .
:
1 - 1800 5850 - 39 .
2 - 1000 5850 - 30 .
3 - 1800 5850 - 39 .
4 - 1000 5850 - 72 .

1:
M 1 =179,56 =1795,6
h0=6010=50 =5.0
b=100
Rb=8,5
Rs =365
: M A 0 A
s
A 0 -
M 1
1795,6
2
A 0=
=
=0,0845
2
2
b h0 R b 100 ( 0,05 ) 8,5
- ,
=0.955
M 1
1795,6
A
=
=1,03 2
s =
h0 R s 0.955 0,05 365
1800 , S = 150 ,
2
5 B 400 , c A
s =1.178 .

C1

3 B 400250
25
1800 5850 (39 .)
5 B 400150
75

290300.10.000
.

 4 1.
1:
30.055 /
50.154 /
:
l . .=1800 39=70200 =70,20
l=5850 8=46800 .=46.8
:
70,20 0.154 +46.8 0.055=13,385
:
13,385 24=321,24
2:
M 1 =141,08 =1,4108
h0=6010=50 =5
b=100
Rb=8,5
Rs =365
: M A 0 A
s
A 0 -
M 1
1,4108
A 0=
=
=0,0664 2
2
2
b h0 R b 100 ( 0,05 ) 8,5
- ,
=0.965
M 1
14,108
A
=
=0,801 2
s =
h0 R s 0.9465 0,05 365
1000 , S = 200 ,
2
5 B 400 , c A
s =1.375
3 B 400250
125
C2
1000 5850
(30 .)
5 B 400200
25

290300.10.000
.

 5 2.
2:
50.154 /
30.055 /
:
l . .=1000 30=30000 .=30
l=5850 4=23400 .=23.4
:
30 0.154 +23.4 0.055=5,907
:
5,907 24=141,768
3:
M 8 =123,44 =1,2344
h0=6010=50 =5
b=100
Rb=8,5
Rs =365
: M A 0 A
s
A 0 -
M 2
1,2344
A 0=
=
=0,0581 2
2
2
b h0 R b 100 ( 0,05 ) 8,5
- ,
=0.97
M 1
1,2344
A
=
=0,697 2
s =
h0 R s 0.97 0,05 365
1800 , S = 150 ,
2
4 B 400 , c A
s =0,76 .
3 B 400250
25
C3
1800 5850 (39 .)
4 B 400150
75

290300.10.000
.

 6 3.
3:
30.055 /
40.099 /
:
l . .=1800 39=70200 =70,20
l=5850 8=46800 .=46.8
:
70,20 0.099+ 46.8 0.055=9,524
:
9,524 84=800,016
4:
M 8 =123,44 =1,2344
h0=6010=50 =5
b=100
Rb=8,5
Rs =365
: M A 0 A
s
A 0 -
M 2
1,2344
2
A 0=
=
=0,0581
2
2
b h0 R b 100 ( 0,05 ) 8,5
- ,
=0.97
M 1
1,2344
A
=
=0,697 2
s =
h0 R s 0.97 0,05 365
1800 , S = 150 ,
2
4 B 400 , c A
s =0,88 .
3 B 400250
125
C4
1000 5850
( 72 .)
4 B 400150
75

290300.10.000
.

10

 7 4.
4:
40.099 /
30.055 /
:
l . .=1000 39=39000 =39
l=5850 4=23400 .=23.4
:
39 0.099+23.4 0.055=5,148
:
5,148 72=370,565
:
=321,24+ 141,768+800,016+370,656=1633,68
:
3
V . =23,74 77.24 0.06 =110,021
1 3 :
P
1633,68

m s=
=
=14,849 3
V 110,021 3

4.

15 (Rb = 85 /2, Rbt = 7.5 /2)
400 (Rs = 3750
/2)
400 (Rs = 3000 /2)
290300.10.000
.

11

h
b. 400
.

,
.. 200

, .
250 .

. ()
, ()
10.
,
.
.
.

.
3.

8- .

9 -

2 , ..
.
V:
290300.10.000
.

12

V =4332 2=8664

1,1=2112

.
q =q + q
=8664+2112=107764

V =4,8 2 1,32=12,48 /

q=1920

V
=1.16 1
P
Q
6-
:
1) - ,

10 -
.
:
M i i ( P V ) l 2 , l=5.7
:
V
=1
P

i
, 0.2 l , .. 1,15 .

1-10:
2
1=0.065 ( P+V ) l =49,12 /
2=0.09 ( P+V ) l 2=68,01 /
1max =0.091 ( P+V ) l 2=68,77 /
2
3=0.075 ( P+V ) l =56,68 /
290300.10.000
.

13

 4=0.018 ( P+V ) l2 =13,60 /

2
6=0.018 ( P+V ) l =13,60 /
7=0.058 ( P+V ) l 2=43,83 /
2 max=0.0625 ( P+ V ) l 2=47,23 /
2
8=0.058 ( P+V ) l =43,83 /
9=0.018 ( P+V ) l 2=13,60 /
10=0 ( P+V ) l 2=0
5-10:
5=0.0715 ( P+V ) l 2=54,03 /
6=0.020 ( P+V ) l 2=15,11 /
2
7=0.016 ( P+V ) l =12,09 /
8=0.009 ( P+V ) l 2=6,80 /
9=0.014 ( P+ V ) l 2=10,58 /
2
10=0.0625 ( P+V ) l =47,23 /
:
Q1=0.6 ( P+ V ) l=79,55 - ;
Q=0.5 ( P+V ) l=66,291 - .

.
.
() (-1):
1max =68,77 /

b = 0,2 ,
h = 0,4 ,
( )
= 0,065 ,
h0 = h-a = 0,335 .

M A
0 s
1max
68770 /
2
01 =
=
=0,360
2
2
b (h0 ) Rb 200 (33.5) 8,5
=0.765
1 max
68770 /
s 1 =
=
=7,35 2
h0 Rb 0.765 33.5 365

290300.10.000
.

14

 : 222 400 7,6 2

, :
= s h0Rs =7,60,7650,335365103104=71,09
1 max M
100 =4,55 < 5 .
M 1 max
,
22 400,
1 .
, ,
.

15 ., ,
450,
, .. 400 , ,
6 .
:

Q Q Qsw Qmax
:
Q1=0.6 ( P+ V ) l=453,43
, 15 :
Qb=0,6R btbh 0=0,60,7520033,5=301,5
, 6- :
Qsw =Q
max Q b=453,43301,5=151,93
Q
151,93
Qsw =f w n R sw f w = sw =
=0,087
n R sw 6 290
4 -III c

f w =0,126 2

11 - .
-1 -2 :

290300.10.000
.

15


4 -III L=170 S=100.

5.

4;
h =3.3 ;
t=64 ;
: 100, 50

R=1.5 =15 2 ;

12 .

 13 .
:
S
=H b S n
S
;
H , H =13,2 ;
b , b =3 ;
S , S =1.8 1.8=3.24 2 ;
n , n=4 ;
2
S
=13,2 33.24 4=26,64
:
2
3
V =S
t=26,64 0.64 =17,05
:
N =V f
N ;
V , V =17,05 ;

, =180 3 ;

f , f =1.1 ;

N =17,05 3 180 3 1.1=3375,9

:
p
N =g
S

p
p
g , g =7704 2 ;

S , S =9 2 ;

N =7704 2 9 2=69,339

:
p
N =g S

p
p
g , g =6096 2 ;

S , S =9 2 ;
290300.10.000
.

16


2
9 =54,864
2

:
N =N + 4 N + N =54,864 +4 69,339 +3,38 =335,6
N =6096

14

M =N e =69.339 26 =1802.8
:
M
1802.8
e 0= =
=5,4
N
335,6

e 0=5.4 . :
N mg A c R
mg , mg=1;
5,625 6.07
1
5.85 0,95
2
2
l
360
1
5.625
h 64
l
360

6.07
x 59,26
x h 2 e0 64 2 5.4 53.2
, =0.95 ;
A c ,
2 e0
2 5.4
A c =b h 1
=120 64 1
=6382.08 2 ;
h
64

R , R=10 2 ;

e0
5.4
=1+ =1+
=1,084 ;
h
64

2
335600 1 0.95 6382.08 10 2 1,084

335600 65722.7
.

290300.10.000
.

17

.. , 75
25

6.

:
20: Rb= 11,5 ; Rbt= 0,9 ;
: 600: Rs= 520 ;
240 : ( )
: ( );
: ( ).
:
: b = 1490 , l = 5690 , h = 220 ;

290300.10.000
.

18

 -2
1.

g 1135 /
q g 991 1. 2 1190 / 1135 1,5 1703
2.

ql 2 11355,692
=
=
=47,15
8
8
ql 11355,69
Q=
=
=33,50
2
2
, .
:
2
d2 = a2 d 284
:
: M A 0 A
s

471500
2 0.08 471500 0.12
2
b h0 Rb 116 19 145
96 19 2 115
M
471500
=
=5,1 2
= 0.935 A s =
h 0R s 0,935195200
2
218 -600, A
s =5.09
0

15

290300.10.000
.

19

 :
Q Q

Q
=0.5

h
=0.5
0.9
14,9 19=127,395

bt
0
b
Rbt ;
33500 ( Q)<127395 .
, .. .
20
218600.

4 65
. ,
:
m g S f 300 5.76 1.19 1.6 3290 300 5.76 0.99 1.6 3290
N
1096
1 - g
N 1096
As= g =
=0.498 2
Rs 2200
2
3 B400, A
s =0.565

290300.10.000
.

20

7. .
:
1. A , W , I .
2. loss = loss 1 + loss 2 .
3.
sp =0.95 R s ,ser loss
4. N sp= sp A sp
5. M =N sp y sp
6. ,
M f =M M
l
=24
7. f < [ f ] =
250
8. acrc < [ acrc ] =0.3

1. : red, Ired, Wred.

ES
6.3
Eb

Ared Af 2 Ap A
452.4 437 452.4 1341.8
S
Wred W f 2 W p y A f 2 A
S y

S 10068

2
I red I f 2 I p A f y 2 2 A
S y

84655

:
W
10068
z
red
7.5
Ared 1341.8
2. loss = loss 1 + loss 2 .
loss1= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5+ 6 ,
1 , 1=0.1 sp=0.1 *680-20=48
;
2 2=0 ,
. . ;
3 ,
l
0.2
3 = E s=
1900000=66 .
l
576

2
29
90
03
30
00
0 .. 1
10
0 .. 0
00
00
0

.
.

22
21

 4 , 4=0 ;
5 ( ),
5 = 313 ;
6 , 6 = R =400.7=28
loss1=48 + 66 + 13 +28 =155
( ):
loss 2= 7 + 8+ 9 + 10 + 11
7 , 7 =0, .. 1 ;
8 , 8 =35 ;

9 , 9 =150 bp =89

10 ,
10 =0 ;
11 , 11 =0 ;
loss 2=35 +89 =124
loss =155 +124 =279
3.
sp =0.95 R s ,ser loss=0.95 680 279 =367
4.
N sp= sp A sp =3670 5.09 2=18680,3
5.
M =N sp y sp=18680,3 8 =149442,4
6. ,
M f =M M

M =471500
M f =471500149442,4=322057,6
M crc=R btW pl + M rp =11.71.75+ 149442,4=149462,875
7.

f < [ f ]=

l
=24
250

2
M f l2 5
308796 563
f =k
=
=0.4
Eb I 48 3.0 10 4 84655 3
4.0 <24
6 .

8.
:
25;

Rb=145 2

; Rbt =10.5

2 ;

 : 400 ;

Rs =3650 2 ;

4040 .

1.

:
g = 6096 /2
g = 7704 /2

N =N + N + N + N ,
N =q S=609636=21.9456 *
N =qS n=7704364=110.9376 *
N =n m =32500=7.5 *
N =H n0.40.4 1.1=3.340.40.424001.1=5.58 *
N =21.9456+110.9376+7.500+ 5.58=134.1912 *

290300.10.000
.

23

 16

l 0=3.3 .
N =134.1912

330

8.25 0.91
40
:

=33,14
2
s
725 300 S = 34.36 2,
4810.
d
d SW S
3 , 8 -240 20dS = 40

M
P g S
991 18 1250/2 18463

7704 18 1250 / 2 139297
2
1.
2.

==13929717.5=2437.7

2437.7103
=
=0.18 2
3.
2
2
bRbh0 4055 115
M
2437.7103

=
=13.13 2
= 0.9, s =
R s h 0 0.9553750
914 300 S = 13.85 2.
0=

:
6 (10 .28).
10 100 .
0.785 6 4.71 2
1. A Asw n

Q Asw R
3000 14130
sw 4.71
2. sw
R

/ 2
sw 3000

290300.10.000
.

24

Q 0.6 Rbt b h
0 0.6
10.5
40 55 13860

3.
27990

9. -

Rbt

1 N = 134191.2.
2 15 , Rb = 8.5 /2, Rbt = 0.75 /2
3 5 A240 RS = 2300
/2
4

10% .

N =0.1N =0.1134191.2=134191.2 { 2
:
1 :
N 297136
F 135062 2 134191.2 41289.6 2
R 2.2
3,25
b=
41289.6=203.198
205

:
290300.10.000
.

25

A =2,052,05=4.2 2
:
134191.2
=
=31.95 /
4.2
:

l2 31.950.9752
=
=15.19
2
2

2:3 ,
1:3.
:
2.05
H = =
=0.683
3
3
1 :

15.19
0=
=
=0.09
2
bRb h0 1008.5452
= 0.95,

15.19
0=
=0.015
=
Rs h0 0.95230045
3 B400 150 S = 0.071 2.

290300.10.000
.

26


1.

2.03.01-84*

.:

, 1984.
2. .., .. . , ., 1984.
3. .., ..
. .: , 1989.
4. .. ,
1, , 1987.
5. 2.01.07-85*
6. .. . .:
, 1989.
7. ( )/ .
.

290300.10.000
.

27