Caracteris tica exte rna

120

Pe, [kw] Me, [N*m] c, [g/kw*h] C, [kg/h]

100

80

60

40

20

0
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200
3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 5600
n, [rpm]

Spatiu de oprire
500

Spatiul, m

400

300
Colu
mn D
Colu
mn E

200

100

0
0

10

15

20

25
Va, m /s

30

35

40

45

50

1. Parametrii iniiali
Puterea nominal Pn =

70 kW

Turaia nominal nn =

4000 rot/min
2. Caracteristica extern

Turaia maxim de mers n gol se adopt nmax =

4000 rot/min

Turaia minim se adopt nmin =

1000 rot/min

Pei = Pn[ 1(ni/nn) + 2(ni/nn)2 - 3(ni/nn)3] [kW]

Pentru m.a.c. cu injecie direct, se adopt urmtorii coeficieni:

1 = (3-4c)/2(1-c) =

2 = 2c/2(1-c) =

3 = -1/2(1-c) =

-1
Mei = 9,55103Pei/ni [kW]

Mei = 9,55103Pei/ni = 9,55103Pn[1(ni/nn) + 2(ni/nn)2 - 3(ni/nn)3]/ni

nM = cnn
Turaia momentului maxim nM =

2400 rot/min

Momentul maxim Memax =

289.13 Nm

Momentul la turaia nominal MeP =

289.13 Nm

Coeficientul de elasticitate c = nM/nn =

Coeficientul de adaptabilitate k = Memax/MeP =

0.5
0.26

ci = ce[ 1` - 2`(ni/nn) + 3`(ni/nn)2] [g/kWh]

Pentru m.a.s. se adopt urmtorii coeficieni:

1`= 1.2
2`= 1
3`= 0.8
Se adopt consumul specific efectiv la regimul turaiei nominale ce =

300 g/kWh

Ci = ciPei/1000 [kg/h]

Turatia minima este de 1000 rpm, cea maxima 4000 rpm.

Tabel 2.1
n,[rpm]

Pe,[kW]

Me,[N*m]

c,[g/kW*h]

c/7

C,[kg/h]

1000
20.78125 198.3363 252.71049596 5.25163999 28.078944
1200
25.41 202.0942 246.02076125 6.25138754 27.33564
1400
30.07375 205.0171 240.25374856 7.22533117 26.694861
1600
34.72 207.1048 235.4094579 8.17341638 26.156606
1800
39.29625 208.3575 231.48788927 9.09660597 25.720877
2000
43.75 208.775 228.48904268 9.99639562 25.387671
2200
48.02875 208.3575 226.41291811 10.8743294 25.156991
2400
52.08 207.1048 225.25951557 11.7315156 25.028835
2550 54.9375586 205.6173
225 12.3609507
25
2600
55.85125 205.0171 225.02883506 12.5681417 25.003204
2800
59.29 202.0942 225.72087659 13.3829908 25.080097
3000
62.34375 198.3363 227.33564014 14.1729563 25.259516
3200
64.96 193.7432 229.87312572 14.9325582 25.541458
3400
67.08625 188.3151 233.33333333 15.6534583 25.925926
3600
68.67 182.0518 237.71626298 16.3239758 26.412918
3700 69.2420313 178.607 240.25374856 16.6356576 26.694861
3800
69.65875 174.9535 243.02191465 16.9286028 27.002435
4000
70
167.02 249.25028835 17.4475202 27.694476

3. Adoptarea dimensiunilor i maselor. Repartiia maselor.

Se adopt: ampatamentul L=
acceleraia gravitaional g =
greutatea proprie a autovehiculului G0 =
numrul de locuri pe scaune n =
greutatea unei persoane Gp = 75g =
greutatea bagajului Gb = 25g =
raportul a/L =
raportul b/L =

2350
10
17600
5
750
1250
0.45
0.55

mm
m/s
N
N
N

5
Greutatea util a autovehiculului Gu = 5GpGb =

3750 N

Greutatea total a autovehiculului Ga = Gu+G0 =

22600 N

Coeficientul de utilizare a greutii G = Gu/G0 =

Distana a = 0,5L =
Distana b = 0,5L =

0.21
1057.5 mm
1292.5 mm

Greutatea pe puntea fa G1 =bGa/L =

12430 N

Greutatea pe puntea spate G2 = aGa/L =

10170 N

Se adopt: greutatea pe puntea fa G1=

greutatea pe puntea spate G2=

12430 N
10170 N

Repartiia pe o roat a punii fa Gr1 = G1/2 =

6215 N

Repartiia pe o roat a punii spate Gr2 = G2/2 =

5085 N

Se aleg anvelope de construcie diagonal tip 205/70 R15, cu urmtoarele caracteristici:

Latimea pneului, B =
Inaltimea pneului, H=70%B, =
Diametrul Jentii, d =

185 mm
129.5 mm
13 inch
330.1987
mm

4. Calculul vitezei maxime a autoturismului.

Se adopt: ecartamentul B =
nlimea total H =
coeficientul de rezisten la rulare pentru
drum asfaltat f =
coeficientul de rezisten a aerului cx =

1445 mm
1878 mm
0.012
0.432
1.293 kg/m

densitatea aerului =
randamentul transmisiei tr =

0.95

Coeficientul aerodinamic k =cx/

Suprafaa frontal maxim care se opune naintrii S = HB =
Termenul A = Gaf/(kS) =
Termenul B = trPvmax/(kS) =
Viteza maxim a autoturismului vmax =

0.2600
2.71 m
333.5700
85239.0000
40.23 m/s
144.83 km/h

5. Determinarea rapoartelor de transmitere din cutia de viteze.

Se adopt: coeficientul de deformare a roii =
unghiul maxim al pantei max =
coeficientul schimbrii dinamice a reaciunilor
la puntea motoare mm =
coeficientul de aderen =
Raza de lucru a roii r = Dr/2 = 0,97788/2 =
Raportul de transmitere al transmisiei principale
i0 = rnvmax/(30ikvmaxiCDNvmax) = 3,14382,1810-33750/(301137,47) =
Coeficientul rezistenei totale

0.95
18
0.9
0.8
350 mm
3.3300

6
a drumului max = fcosmax+sinmax = 0,018cos20+sin20 =

0.320429673

Raportul de transmitere al treptei nti, ik1=

Verificare: Gamaxr/(Mmaxtri0)
2.7710343

4
mmGm
r/(Mmaxtri0)

< ikI <

<4<

6.2264668

Se alege o cutie de viteze cu cinci trepte.

Valoarea raiei geometrice q = ikI1/(n-1) =

1.25

Raportul de transmitere al treptei a doua ikII = ikIq-(2-1) =

Raportul de transmitere al treptei a treia ikIII = ikIq

-(3-1)

Raportul de transmitere al treptei a patra ikIV = ikIq

-(4-1)

Raportul de transmitere al treptei a cincea ikV = ikIq

3.2

-(5-1)

2.56

2.048

1.6384

Se adopt urmtoarele rapoarte de transmitere ale cutiei de viteze:

Treapta

ikI

ikII

ikIII

ikIV

Tabelul 5.1
ikV

Valoarea

3.2

2.56

2.05

1.63

Determinarea vitezelor corespunztoare treptelor de vitez.

Turaia limit inferioar de schimbare a treptei n1 = nnikII/ikI =

2400 rot/min

Se adopt turaia limit inferioar de

schimbare a treptelor de vitez n1 =

2400 rot/min

Viteza treptei de vitez vimin = rni/(30i0iki)

n
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
4000

vI

vII

vIII

vIV

Tabelul 6.1
vV

6.6039485
6.879113
7.1542776
7.4294421
7.7046066
7.9797711
8.2549357
8.5301002
8.8052647
9.0804292
9.3555937
9.6307583
11.006581

8.2549357
8.5988913
8.942847
9.2868026
9.6307583
9.9747139
10.31867
10.662625
11.006581
11.350537
11.694492
12.038448
13.758226

10.31866956
10.74861413
11.17855869
11.60850326
12.03844782
12.46839239
12.89833696
13.32828152
13.75822609
14.18817065
14.61811522
15.04805978
17.19778261

12.885753
13.42266
13.959566
14.496472
15.033379
15.570285
16.107192
16.644098
17.181004
17.717911
18.254817
18.791723
21.476255

16.2060086406
16.8812590007
17.5565093607
18.2317597207
18.9070100807
19.5822604408
20.2575108008
20.9327611608
21.6080115208
22.2832618809
22.9585122409
23.6337626009
27.0100144011

FR = Metri0ik/r

D = (FR-kSva)/Ga

a = g(D-)/
Tabelul 7.1

ikI

n
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2500
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3700
3800
4000

Pe

Me

FR

37.03
46.00
54.96
63.70
72.00
79.62
86.37
92.00
94.32
96.29
99.03
100.00
98.96
95.70
90.00
86.16
81.62
0.00

279.35
289.13
296.11
300.30
301.70
300.30
296.11
289.13
289.59
279.35
266.78
251.42
233.26
212.31
188.56
175.64
162.02
0.00

v
2.7516452
3.3019743
3.8523033
4.4026323
4.9529614
5.5032904
6.0536195
6.6039485
6.879113
7.1542776
7.7046066
8.2549357
8.8052647
9.3555937
9.9059228
10.181087
10.456252
11.006581

10099.6997143
10453.2886286
10705.6455429
10857.132
10907.748
10857.132
10705.6455429
10453.2886286
10469.9196
10099.6997143
9645.24034286
9089.91051429
8433.34868571
7675.9164
6817.25211429
6350.13874286
5857.71737143
0

D
0.446652987
0.462194506
0.473237823
0.479798935
0.481877841
0.479458545
0.472557044
0.461173338
0.461793395
0.44529143
0.424927316
0.400080998
0.370736476
0.33690975
0.298584821
0.27774353
0.255777687
-0.0037821

a
2.4147388
2.5010806
2.5624323
2.598883
2.6104325
2.5969919
2.5586502
2.4954074
2.4988522
2.4071746
2.2940406
2.1560055
1.9929804
1.8050542
1.5921379
1.4763529
1.3543205
-0.0876783

ikII

1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2500
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3700
3800
4000

37.03
46.00
54.96
63.70
72.00
79.62
86.37
92.00
94.32
96.29
99.03
100.00
98.96
95.70
90.00
86.16
81.62
0.00

279.35
289.13
296.11
300.30
301.70
300.30
296.11
289.13
289.59
279.35
266.78
251.42
233.26
212.31
188.56
175.64
162.02
0.00

3.4395565
4.1274678
4.8153791
5.5032904
6.1912017
6.879113
7.5670243
8.2549357
8.5988913
8.942847
9.6307583
10.31867
11.006581
11.694492
12.382403
12.726359
13.070315
13.758226

8079.75977143
8362.63090286
8564.51643429
8685.7056
8726.1984
8685.7056
8564.51643429
8362.63090286
8375.93568
8079.75977143
7716.19227429
7271.92841143
6746.67894857
6140.73312
5453.80169143
5080.11099429
4686.17389714
0

0.357142148
0.369496058
0.378236986
0.383377731
0.384918293
0.382845873
0.37717327
0.367900484
0.368308211
0.355014716
0.338528765
0.318442631
0.294743516
0.267444217
0.236531936
0.219727327
0.202019473
-0.00590953

2.2826862
2.3643919
2.4222023
2.4562019
2.4663908
2.4526843
2.4151671
2.3538392
2.3565358
2.2686158
2.1595818
2.026737
1.8699968
1.6894459
1.4849996
1.373858
1.2567425
-0.1184493

ikIII

1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000

37.03
46.00
54.96
63.70
72.00
79.62

279.35
289.13
296.11
300.30
301.70
300.30

4.2994457 6463.80781714 0.285432093 2.0594729

5.1593348 6690.10472229 0.295191305 2.1329786
6.0192239 6851.61314743 0.302037602 2.1845445
6.879113
6948.56448 0.305981222 2.2142476
7.7390022
6980.95872 0.307022165 2.2220879
8.5988913
6948.56448 0.305150194 2.2079883

8
2200
2400
2500
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3700
3800
4000

86.37
92.00
94.32
96.29
99.03
100.00
98.96
95.70
90.00
86.16
81.62
0.00

296.11
289.13
289.59
279.35
266.78
251.42
233.26
212.31
188.56
175.64
162.02
0.00

9.4587804
10.31867
10.748614
11.178559
12.038448
12.898337
13.758226
14.618115
15.478004
15.907949
16.337893
17.197783

6851.61314743
6690.10472229
6700.748544
6463.80781714
6172.95381943
5817.54272914
5397.34315886
4912.586496
4363.04135314
4064.08879543
3748.93911771
0

0.300375545
0.29269822
0.292886405
0.28210798
0.268615063
0.252219469
0.23291096
0.210699774
0.185575673
0.171926399
0.157548896
-0.00923365

2.172026
2.1142009
2.1156183
2.0344359
1.9328081
1.8093175
1.6638871
1.4965939
1.3073608
1.2045553
1.0962649
-0.1599305

ikIV

1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2500
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3700
3800
4000

37.03
46.00
54.96
63.70
72.00
79.62
86.37
92.00
94.32
96.29
99.03
100.00
98.96
95.70
90.00
86.16
81.62
0.00

279.35
289.13
296.11
300.30
301.70
300.30
296.11
289.13
289.59
279.35
266.78
251.42
233.26
212.31
188.56
175.64
162.02
0.00

5.3690638
6.4428766
7.5166894
8.5905021
9.6643149
10.738128
11.81194
12.885753
13.42266
13.959566
15.033379
16.107192
17.181004
18.254817
19.32863
19.865536
20.402443
21.476255

5176.09610357
5357.31042214
5486.64334071
5564.28015
5590.22085
5564.28015
5486.64334071
5357.31042214
5365.833795
5176.09610357
4943.18567571
4658.57913857
4322.09120143
3933.907155
3493.84170857
3254.44610571
3002.08015286
0

0.228130836
0.235753185
0.241007898
0.243903177
0.244439019
0.242607227
0.238416
0.231865337
0.231801495
0.22294704
0.211669307
0.198032138
0.182027335
0.163663096
0.142931223
0.131681523
0.119839915
-0.01439944

1.7860208
1.8490089
1.8924318
1.9163572
1.9207852
1.905648
1.8710133
1.8168812
1.8163536
1.7431839
1.6499891
1.5372969
1.4050394
1.2532845
1.0819645
0.9890013
0.8911469
-0.2181546

ikV

1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2500
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3700
3800

37.03
46.00
54.96
63.70
72.00
79.62
86.37
92.00
94.32
96.29
99.03
100.00
98.96
95.70
90.00
86.16
81.62

279.35
289.13
296.11
300.30
301.70
300.30
296.11
289.13
289.59
279.35
266.78
251.42
233.26
212.31
188.56
175.64
162.02

6.7525036
8.1030043
9.453505
10.804006
12.154506
13.505007
14.855508
16.206009
16.881259
17.556509
18.90701
20.257511
21.608012
22.958512
24.309013
24.984263
25.659514

4115.62763357
4259.71511614
4362.55055871
4424.28129
4444.90731
4424.28129
4362.55055871
4259.71511614
4266.492237
4115.62763357
3930.43543971
3704.13853457
3436.58958943
3127.935933
2778.03023657
2587.68153771
2387.01982886

0.180683916
0.186433127
0.190243147
0.192120494
0.192065169
0.190070652
0.186143462
0.1802836
0.179885957
0.172484546
0.162752819
0.15108842
0.137484829
0.121948565
0.10447311
0.095011445
0.085064982

1.4890291
1.5397793
1.5734116
1.5899836
1.5894952
1.5718889
1.5372223
1.4854954
1.4819852
1.4166505
1.3307453
1.2277798
1.1076964
0.9705526
0.8162909
0.7327697
0.6449689

9
4000

0.00

0.00

27.010014

-0.02277603 -0.3069796

Coeficientul influenei maselor n micarea de rotaie, i = 1+0,05iki

II

III

IV

Tabelul 7.2
V

1.8

1.512

1.32768

1.210125

1.132845

8. Timpul de demarare. Spaiul de demarare.

tdi = tdi-1 + (1/ai+1/ai-1)(vi-vi-1)/2

Sdi = Sdi-1 + (tdi-tdi-1)vi - (tdi-tdi-1)(vi-vi-1)/2

td [s]

2.7516452
3.3019743
3.8523033
4.4026323
4.9529614
5.5032904
6.0536195
6.6039485
6.879113
7.1542776
7.7046066
8.2549357
8.8052647
9.3555937
9.9059228
10.181087
10.456252
11.006581

1/a [s/m]
0.4141235
0.3998272
0.3902542
0.3847807
0.3830783
0.3850609
0.3908311
0.4007362
0.4001837
0.4154248
0.4359121
0.4638207
0.5017611
0.554
0.6280863
0.6773448
0.7383777
-11.40533

Tabelul 7
Sd [m]

0
0.22397034
0.441372706
0.654634814
0.865922365
1.077287013
1.29078495
1.508596167
1.618788537
1.731001801
1.9652595
2.212834036
2.478527884
2.769035873
3.094304083
3.273908247
3.468686545
0.533521066

0
0.6779156
1.455594
2.3358265
3.3241868
4.4292278
5.662916
7.0413961
7.7842614
8.5716277
10.312032
12.28762
14.554015
17.191952
20.324532
22.128387
24.13824
-7.360243

2400
2500
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3700
3800
4000
ikIII

8.2549357
8.5988913
8.942847
9.6307583
10.31867
11.006581
11.694492
12.382403
12.726359
13.070315
13.758226

0.4248379
0.4243517
0.4407974
0.4630526
0.4934039
0.5347603
0.5919101
0.6734009
0.7278773
0.7957079
-8.442431

1.753504609
1.899546364
2.048332851
2.359217177
2.688196004
3.041838739
3.429363195
3.864573844
4.105562855
4.367585989
1.737453608

7.2375339
8.4682151
9.7732019
12.660323
15.941793
19.712553
24.111164
29.350424
32.375892
35.755555
0.4742475

2400
2500
2600

10.31867 3.4164881 -0.88360866 -25.11191

10.748614 3.414293 0.584818022 -9.644028
11.178559 3.544742 2.080819168 6.7575098

ikI

va [m/s]

1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2500
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3700
3800
4000
ikII

10
2800
3000
3200
3400

11.038448
12.898337
13.758226
14.618115

3.7227994
3.964801
4.2934862
4.7460896

1.571687921
8.720729644
12.27133482
16.15785071

1.1018236
86.664361
133.98783
189.13038

3600
3700
3800
4000
ikIV

15.478004
15.907949
16.337893
17.197783

5.3886373
5.8164424
6.3472359
-108.2996

20.5152208
22.92400481
25.53885505
-18.2950428

254.70034
292.50133
334.66036
-400.3393

2400
2500
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3700
3800
4000
ikV

12.885753
13.42266
13.959566
15.033379
16.107199
17.181004
18.254817
19.32863
19.865536
20.402443
21.476255

4.3128482
4.314036
4.4853702
4.7243505
5.0496854
5.4936804
6.1101129
6.9963719
7.5940798
8.3444652
-69.44717

7.617654015
9.93357128
12.29579827
17.24055717
22.48833482
28.14909428
34.37924633
41.41620325
45.3330538
49.61181201
16.80540447

72.13808
102.60213
134.94365
206.62521
288.33463
382.55288
492.93816
625.17471
701.93355
788.08202
101.13721

2400
2500
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3700
3800
4000

16.206009
16.881259
17.556509
18.90701
20.257511
21.608012
22.958512
24.309013
24.984263
25.659514
27.010014

5.5468162
5.5590776
5.7976209
6.1442868
6.6186409
7.2735298
8.2001785
9.571841
10.525048
11.755719
-43.90581

21.28832181
25.03794923
28.87225456
36.93603368
45.55420702
54.93490226
65.38352379
77.38408886
84.16930097

268.26824
330.3007
396.32316
543.34004
712.10336
908.46721
1141.2966
1424.9151
1592.1478

91.6918559 1782.633
69.9825047 1210.922
9. Bilanul de putere.

PRi = FRiva

Pr = fGavacos

Pa = kSva

Pr [N]

Pa [N]

va [m/s]

PR [N]

0
Pt [N]

Tabelul 8
5
Pt [N]

746.24618
895.49542
1044.7447
1193.9939
1343.2431
1492.4924
1641.7416
1790.9908
1865.6155
1940.2401
2089.4893

14.69989
25.401411
40.336499
60.210751
85.729761
117.59912
156.52443
203.21128
229.68579
258.36527
322.69199

2.75
3.30
3.85
4.40
4.95
5.50
6.05
6.60
6.88
7.15
7.70

27790.79041
34516.48999
41241.3937
47799.96054
54025.6547
59749.95068
64807.90438
69032.97998
72023.76048
72256.05507
74312.78248

760.94607
920.89683
1085.0812
1254.2046
1428.9729
1610.0915
1798.266
1994.2021
2095.3012
2198.6053
2412.1813

6178.07640967
7421.45323371
8669.06362618
9921.6131818
11179.8074953
12444.3521615
13715.952775
14995.3149306
15638.1270851
16283.1442231
17580.1462472

Pp=Gavasin
10
Pt [N]

15
Pt [N]

11548.29973
13865.72122
16187.37627
18513.97049
20846.20947
23184.7988
25530.44408
27883.8509
29063.68538
30245.72485
32616.77154

16830.745
20204.656
23582.8
26965.884
30354.612
33749.69
37151.825
40561.72
42269.8
43980.084
47407.619

11
2238.7385
2387.9878
2537.237
2686.4863
2761.1109
2835.7355
2984.9847
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

396.89704
481.68601
577.76449
685.83808
744.59355
806.61238
940.79298
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

8.25
8.81
9.36
9.91
10.18
10.46
11.01
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

75036.62637
74257.86744
71812.75541
67531.17303
64651.31693
61249.76796
0
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

2635.6356
2869.6738
3115.0015
3372.3243
3505.7044
3642.3479
3925.7777
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

18887.0265976
20204.490869
21533.2446563
22873.993554
23549.0866677
24227.4431571
25594.2990601
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

34997.69656
37389.20549
39792.00394
42206.7975
43418.91295
44634.29177
47075.19234
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

50845.034
54293.032
57752.319
61223.602
62963.962
64707.585
68204.975
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

932.80773
1119.3693
1305.9308
1492.4924
1679.0539
1865.6155
2052.177
2238.7385
2332.0193
2425.3001
2611.8616
2798.4232
2984.9847
3171.5463
3358.1078
3451.3886
3544.6694
3731.2309
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

28.710723
49.61213
78.782225
117.59912
167.44094
229.68579
305.71178
396.89704
448.60505
504.61967
630.2578
775.18953
940.79298
1128.4463
1339.5275
1454.2843
1575.4148
1837.4863
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

3.44
4.13
4.82
5.50
6.19
6.88
7.57
8.25
8.60
8.94
9.63
10.32
11.01
11.69
12.38
12.73
13.07
13.76
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

27790.79041
34516.48999
41241.3937
47799.96054
54025.6547
59749.95068
64807.90438
69032.97998
72023.76048
72256.05507
74312.78248
75036.62637
74257.86744
71812.75541
67531.17303
64651.31693
61249.76796
0
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

961.51845
1168.9814
1384.713
1610.0915
1846.4949
2095.3012
2357.8888
2635.6356
2780.6244
2929.9198
3242.1194
3573.6127
3925.7777
4299.9925
4697.6353
4905.6729
5120.0842
5568.7172
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

7732.9313725
9294.67690893
10864.6911337
12444.3521615
14035.0381071
15638.1270851
17254.9972104
18887.0265976
19709.1566753
20535.5933614
22202.0756167
23887.851478
25594.2990601
27322.7964778
29074.7218457
29959.9006719
30851.4532786
32654.3688912
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

14445.71052
17350.01189
20262.58194
23184.7988
26118.04058
29063.68538
32023.11134
34997.69656
36491.10455
37988.81915
40997.85724
44026.18893
47075.19234
50146.24559
53240.72678
54797.18352
56360.01405
59505.48549
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

21048.768
25273.68
29506.862
33749.69
38003.543
42269.8
46549.837
50845.034
52998.747
55156.768
59486.417
63835.36
68204.975
72596.64
77011.732
79228.495
81451.631
85917.714
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

1166.0097
1399.2116
1632.4135
1865.6155
2098.8174
2332.0193
2565.2213

56.075632
96.898691
153.87153
229.68579
327.03308
448.60505
597.09332

4.30
5.16
6.02
6.88
7.74
8.60
9.46

27790.79041
34516.48999
41241.3937
47799.96054
54025.6547
59749.95068
64807.90438

1222.0853
1496.1103
1786.2851
2095.3012
2425.8505
2780.6244
3162.3146

9686.35144298
11653.229665
13636.257669
15638.1270851
17661.5295438
19709.1566753
21783.7001099

18077.32538
21722.39839
25383.62118
29063.68538
32765.28263
36491.10455
40243.84277

26331.147
31626.984
36938.971
42269.8
47622.161
52998.747
58402.25

12
2798.4232
2915.0242
3031.6251
3264.8271
3498.029
3731.2309
3964.4328
4197.6348
4314.2357
4430.8367
4664.0386
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

775.18953
876.18174
985.5853
1230.9723
1514.0421
1837.4863
2203.9966
2616.2647
2840.399
3076.9821
3588.8404
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

10.32
10.75
11.18
12.04
12.90
13.76
14.62
15.48
15.91
16.34
17.20
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

69032.97998
72023.76048
72256.05507
74312.78248
75036.62637
74257.86744
71812.75541
67531.17303
64651.31693
61249.76796
0
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

3573.6127
3791.2059
4017.2104
4495.7993
5012.071
5568.7172
6168.4295
6813.8994
7154.6347
7507.8188
8252.8791
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

23887.851478
24951.8712715
26024.3024098
28195.7445358
30404.8694861
32654.3688912
34946.9343813
37285.2575868
38472.4194672
39672.0301379
42109.9436649
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

44026.18893
45929.30611
47840.83465
51690.47156
55577.7913
59505.48549
63476.24577
67492.76376
69519.02303
71557.7311
75673.83941
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

63835.36
66563.859
69300.77
74801.171
80339.255
85917.714
91539.238
97206.521
100058.16
102922.25
108689.12
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

1456.0901
1747.3081
2038.5262
2329.7442
2620.9622
2912.1802
3203.3982
3494.6163
3640.2253
3785.8343
4077.0523
4368.2703
4659.4884
4950.7064
5241.9244
5387.5334
5533.1424
5824.3605
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

109.20248
188.70188
299.65159
447.29334
636.86884
873.61981
1162.788
1509.615
1706.2887
1919.3427
2397.2128
2948.4669
3578.3467
4292.0941
5094.9507
5531.433
5992.1583
6988.9585
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

5.37
6.44
7.52
8.59
9.66
10.74
11.81
12.89
13.42
13.96
15.03
16.11
17.18
18.25
19.33
19.87
20.40
21.48
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

27790.79041
34516.48999
41241.3937
47799.96054
54025.6547
59749.95068
64807.90438
69032.97998
72023.76048
72256.05507
74312.78248
75036.62637
74257.86744
71812.75541
67531.17303
64651.31693
61249.76796
0
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

1565.2926
1936.01
2338.1778
2777.0375
3257.831
3785.8
4366.1862
5004.2313
5346.514
5705.177
6474.2651
7316.7372
8237.8351
9242.8005
10336.875
10918.966
11525.301
12813.319
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

12135.3030017
14620.0225095
17136.1923304
19689.0541833
22283.8497871
24925.8208607
27620.2091228
30372.2562923
31771.5400045
33187.2040881
36070.2942291
39026.7684341
42061.868422
45180.8359116
48388.9126218
50028.0049718
51691.3402714
55093.3605794
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

22613.78753
27194.20394
31806.07067
36454.62942
41145.12193
45882.78991
50672.87508
55520.61915
57967.75132
60431.26386
65410.0509
70462.22201
75593.01891
80807.6833
86111.45692
88798.39772
91509.58147
97007.29868
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

32920.999
39562.857
46236.166
52946.167
59698.102
66497.212
73348.739
80257.926
83735.779
87230.013
94270.242
101383.86
108576.09
115852.2
123217.42
126935.08
130676.98
138236.14
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

1831.279 217.23573
2197.5348 375.38334
2563.7906 596.09484

6.75
8.10
9.45

27790.79041 2048.5147 15342.0860834 28520.54822 41483.605

34516.48999 2572.9181 18525.2037652 34339.35833 49895.027
41241.3937 3159.8854 21770.8853369 40220.73232 58369.012

13
2930.0464
3296.3022
3662.558
4028.8137
4395.0695
4578.1974
4761.3253
5127.5811
5493.8369
5860.0927
6226.3485
6592.6043
6775.7322
6958.8601
7325.1159
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

889.79755
1266.9188
1737.8858
2313.126
3003.0667
3394.3083
3818.1352
4768.7587
5865.3647
7118.3804
8538.2331
10135.35
11003.641
11920.159
13903.087
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

10.80
12.15
13.51
14.86
16.21
16.88
17.56
18.91
20.26
21.61
22.96
24.31
24.98
25.66
27.01
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

47799.96054
54025.6547
59749.95068
64807.90438
69032.97998
72023.76048
72256.05507
74312.78248
75036.62637
74257.86744
71812.75541
67531.17303
64651.31693
61249.76796
0
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

3819.8439
4563.2209
5400.4438
6341.9398
7398.1363
7972.5057
8579.4605
9896.3399
11359.202
12978.473
14764.582
16727.955
17779.374
18879.019
21228.203
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

Nu se ia in considerare forta aerului

0.2
0.4
0.6
va [m/s] Sf,[m/s]
Sf,[m/s]
Sf,[m/s]
0
0
0
0
2
0.943396 0.48543689 0.326797
4
3.773585 1.94174757 1.30719
6
8.490566 4.36893204 2.941176
8
15.09434 7.76699029 5.228758
10
23.58491 12.1359223 8.169935
12
33.96226 17.4757282 11.76471
14
46.22642 23.7864078 16.01307
16
60.37736 31.0679612 20.91503
18
76.41509 39.3203883 26.47059
20
94.33962 48.5436893 32.67974
22
114.1509 58.7378641 39.54248
24
135.8491 69.9029126 47.05882
26
159.434 82.038835 55.22876
28
184.9057 95.1456311 64.05229
30
212.2642 109.223301 73.52941
32
241.5094 124.271845 83.66013
34
272.6415 140.291262 94.44444
36
305.6604 157.281553 105.8824

25089.5581137
28491.6494106
31987.5865425
35587.7968245
39302.7075715
41206.4341553
43142.7460985
47118.3397207
51239.9157529
55517.9015102
59962.7243076
64584.81146
66965.5877054
69394.5902826
74402.4880903
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

0.8
Sf,[m/s]
0
0.2463054187
0.9852216749
2.2167487685
3.9408866995
6.157635468
8.8669950739
12.068965517
15.763546798
19.950738916
24.630541872
29.802955665
35.467980296
41.625615764
48.275862069
55.418719212
63.054187192
71.18226601
79.802955665

46175.09753
52212.88125
58344.51081
64580.41352
70931.01669
74152.58949
77406.74765
84018.0337
90775.30215
97688.98034
104769.4956
112027.2751
115725.8976
119472.7464
127116.3366
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

66915.988
75546.384
84270.624
93099.139
102042.35
106560.23
111110.7
120314.59
129664.47
139170.76
148843.89
158694.28
163689.21
168732.36
178968.56
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

Se ia in considerare forta aerului

0.2
0.4
Sf,[m/s]
Sf,[m/s]
0
0
0.94303962 0.485342
3.76788776 1.940238
8.46179656 4.361298
15.0037318 7.742906
23.364684 12.07726
33.508091 17.35443
45.3903583 23.56243
58.9614629 30.68732
74.1656227 38.7133
90.9420153 47.62282
109.225526 57.39669
128.94751 68.01425
150.036548 79.45347
172.419186 91.69112
196.020645 104.7029
220.765484 118.4635
246.578216 132.947
273.383871 148.1266

14
38
40
42
44
46

340.566
377.3585
416.0377
456.6038
499.0566

175.242718
194.174757
214.07767
234.951456
256.796117

117.9739
130.719
144.1176
158.1699
172.8758

88.916256158
98.522167488
108.62068966
119.21182266
130.2955665

301.108489
329.679565
359.026422
389.080525
419.77574

163.9753
180.4655
197.5694
215.2592
233.507

Spatiu de oprire
Tabelul 3.3

Se ia in considerare forta aerului

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8

Sf,[m]
Sf,[m]
Sf,[m]
Sf,[m]
va [m/s]
0
0
0
0
0
3.34303962 2.885342 2.7267545795 2.6462811
2
8.56788776 6.740238 6.1065050039 5.78483275
4
15.6617966 11.5613 10.137714015 9.41478114
6
24.6037318 17.34291 14.817828437 13.5346737
8
35.364684 24.07726 20.143292453 18.142485
10
47.908091 31.75443 26.109565992 23.2356243
12
62.1903583 40.36243 32.711148025 28.810946
14
78.1614629 49.88732 39.94160452 34.8647616
16
95.7656227 60.3133 47.793600767 41.3928538
18
114.942015 71.62282 56.25893773 48.3904923
20
135.625526
83.79669 65.328592062 55.8524522
22
157.74751 96.81425 74.992759381 63.7730324
24
181.236548 110.6535 85.240900391 72.1460769
26
206.019186 125.2911 96.061789406 80.9649967
28
232.020645 140.7029 107.44356484 90.2227932
30
259.165484 156.8635 119.37378121 99.9120819
32
287.378216 173.747 131.83946223 110.025118
34
316.583871 191.3266 144.8271545 120.553821
36
346.708489 209.5753 158.3229815 131.489804
38
377.679565 228.4655 172.31269737 142.824393
40
409.426422 247.9694 186.78174011 154.548663
42
441.880525 268.0592 201.71528398 166.653457
44
474.97574 288.707 217.09829064 179.129415
46
10.2. Acceleraia de frnare.
af = g/Ga(Gacos+Gafcos+Gasin+kSva)
Pentru drum orizontal, unghiul de nclinare =

va [m/s]
0
2
4
6

0.2
af [m/s]

0.4
af [m/s]

0.6
af [m/s]

0
Tabelul 10.7
0.8
af [m/s]

0
0
0
0
2.12160356 4.121604 6.1216035559 8.12160356
2.12641422 4.126414 6.1264142236 8.12641422
2.134432 4.134432 6.1344320032 8.134432

15
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46

2.14565689
2.1600889
2.17772801
2.19857424
2.22262758
2.24988803
2.28035559
2.31403027
2.35091205
2.39100095
2.43429696
2.48080008
2.53051031
2.58342766
2.63955211
2.69888368
2.76142236
2.82716816
2.89612106
2.96828108

4.145657
4.160089
4.177728
4.198574
4.222628
4.249888
4.280356
4.31403
4.350912
4.391001
4.434297
4.4808
4.53051
4.583428
4.639552
4.698884
4.761422
4.827168
4.896121
4.968281

6.1456568945
6.1600888977
6.1777280127
6.1985742395
6.2226275782
6.2498880286
6.2803555909
6.314030265
6.3509120509
6.3910009486
6.4342969582
6.4808000795
6.5305103127
6.5834276577
6.6395521145
6.6988836832
6.7614223636
6.8271681559
6.89612106
6.9682810759

8.14565689
8.1600889
8.17772801
8.19857424
8.22262758
8.24988803
8.28035559
8.31403027
8.35091205
8.39100095
8.43429696
8.48080008
8.53051031
8.58342766
8.63955211
8.69888368
8.76142236
8.82716816
8.89612106
8.96828108

Stabilitatea transversala a automobilului

Viteza critica de rasturnare
R,[m]
50
100
150
200
250
300
350

Vacr,[m/s]
77.594029
109.734528
134.396801
155.188058
173.505523
190.065778
205.294504

Viteza critica de derapare

0.2
R,[m]
=0.2
50
10
100
14.14214
150
17.32051
200
20
250
22.36068
300
24.4949
350
26.45751

16

17

18

19

20

Me/1,3
152.5663
155.4571
157.7054
159.3114
160.275
160.5962
160.275
159.3114
158.1671
157.7054
155.4571
152.5663
149.0332
144.8577
140.0398
137.39
134.5796
128.4769

21

22

23

1/a

0.414123
0.399827
0.390254
0.384781
0.383078
0.385061
0.390831
0.400736
0.400184
0.415425
0.435912
0.463821
0.501761
0.554
0.628086
0.677345
0.738378
-11.40533
0.43808
0.422942
0.412847
0.407133
0.405451
0.407717
0.41405
0.424838
0.424352
0.440797
0.463053
0.493404
0.53476
0.59191
0.673401
0.727877
0.795708
-8.442431
0.485561
0.468828
0.457761
0.451621
0.450027
0.452901

24
0.4604
0.472992
0.472675
0.491537
0.517382
0.552695
0.601002
0.668184
0.7649
0.830182
0.912188
-6.252718
0.559904
0.54083
0.528421
0.521823
0.52062
0.524756
0.53447
0.550394
0.550554
0.573663
0.606065
0.650492
0.711724
0.797903
0.924245
1.011121
1.122149
-4.583905
0.671579
0.649444
0.635562
0.628937
0.629131
0.636177
0.650524
0.673176
0.674771
0.70589
0.751459
0.814478
0.902774
1.030341
1.225053
1.364685
1.550462

25
-3.257546

26

20
Pt [N]
21985.211
26390.014
30799.052
35213.028
39632.649
44058.621
48491.648
52932.437
55155.963
57381.694
61840.123

27
66308.43
70787.321
75277.502
79779.677
82035.484
84294.554
88822.837
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
27491.849
33005.378
38527.176
44058.621
49601.09
55155.963
60724.617
66308.43
69106.452
71908.78
77527.046
83164.605
88822.837
94503.118
100206.83
103067.9
105935.34
111690.04
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
34384.999
41291.607
48214.364
55155.963
62119.095
69106.452
76120.725

28
83164.605
86698.49
90240.786
97351.957
104500.81
111690.04
118922.34
126200.39
129857.42
133526.89
140904.53
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
42978.492
51631.849
60316.657
69038.157
77801.59
86612.199
95475.225
104395.91
108879.51
113379.5
122431.22
131556.34
140760.07
150047.68
159424.39
164147.8
168895.46
178466.12
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
54132.6
65073.82
76077.605

29
87154.38
98314.574
109568.61
120926.93
132399.94
138182.72
143998.08
155731.78
167611.46
179647.55
191850.47
204230.66
210490.49
216798.54
229564.54
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

siderare forta aerului

0.6
Sf,[m/s]
0
0.326755
1.306505
2.937714
5.217828
8.143292
11.70957
15.91115
20.7416
26.1936
32.25894
38.92859
46.19276
54.0409
62.46179
71.44356
80.97378
91.03946
101.6272

nare.

30
112.723
124.3127
136.3817
148.9153
161.8983

31

ca de derapare
0.4
=0.4
14.14214
20
24.4949
28.28427
31.62278
34.64102
37.41657

32

33

34

35

36

Pe*2
41.5625
50.82
60.1475
69.44
78.5925
87.5
96.0575
104.16
109.87512
111.7025
118.58
124.6875
129.92
134.1725
137.34
138.48406
139.3175
140

C*5
18.38074
21.87986
25.28866
28.60696
31.83812
34.98738
38.06015
41.0603
43.26333
43.9885
46.84047
49.60535
52.26395
54.7871
57.13392
58.2248
59.25011
61.06632

37

38

2550

6.6039485

3700
3800
4000

6.879113
7.154278
7.429442
7.704607
7.979771
8.254936
8.5301
8.805265
9.080429
8.598891
8.942847
9.286803
9.630758
9.974714
10.31867
10.66263
11.00658

4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
5100
3700
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000

39
5100
3700
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
5100
3700
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
5100
3700
3800
4000
4200

11.35054
10.74861
11.17856
11.6085
12.03845
12.46839
12.89834
13.32828
13.75823
14.18817
13.42266
13.95957
14.49647
15.03338
15.57029
16.10719
16.6441
17.181
17.71791
16.88126
17.55651
18.23176
18.90701

40

41

42

Treapta I

43

Treapta II

Treapta III

44

Treapta IV

Treapta V

45

0.8
Sf,[m/s]
0
0.2462811
0.9848328
2.2147811
3.9346737
6.142485
8.8356243
12.010946
15.664762
19.792854
24.390492
29.452452
34.973032
40.946077
47.364997
54.222793
61.512082
69.225118
77.353821

46
85.889804
94.824393
104.14866
113.85346
123.92942

47

0.6
=0.6
17.320508
24.494897
30
34.641016
38.729833
42.426407
45.825757

0.8
=0.8
20
28.28427
34.64102
40
44.72136
48.98979
52.91503

48

49

50

Bilant de puteri
60000
55000
50000

Puterea, [W]

45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00
Viteza, [m/s]

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

Timp de demarare
400

Timpul,[s]

300

200

100

0
0

-100

10

15

20

25

Viteza,[m/s]

30

35

40

45

Spatiu de demarare

Spatiu,[m]

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
0

10

15

20
25
Viteza,[m/s]

30

35

40

45

Spatiu de franare

spatiu,[m]

500

400

300

200

100

0
0

10

15

20

25
30
viteza,[m/s]

Nu se ia in considerare Fa

35
Column D

40

45

50

Acceleratia de franare
10
9

Af,[m/s]

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0

10

15

20

25
30
Viteza,[m/s]

35

40

45

50

Raza de virare,[m]

Viteza critica de rasturnare

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
60

80

100

120

140
Vacr,[m/s]

160

180

200

220

Raza de virare,[m]

Viteza critica de derapare

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0

10

20

30
Vacd,[m/s]

40

50

60

Caracteristica de tractiune
12000

Fr[N]

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
0

10

15
v,[m/s]

20

25

30

Caracteristica dinamica
0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0
-0.1

10

15

v,[m/s]

20

25

30

Diagrama de acceleratie
3

a,[m/s]

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0

10

15
v,[m/s]

20

25

30

Inversul acceleratiei
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1 0

10

15

va

-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13

1/a

20

25

30

Caracteristica vitezelor
70

60

v [m /s ]

50

40

30

20

10

0
800

1200

1600

2000

2400

2800

3200

n [rot/m in]
vI

3600

Pe

4000

4400

4800

5200

5600

5200

5600