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NCSS Theme

Theme 2: Time, Continuity, and


Change-The historical experiences of societies, peoples
and nations reveal patterns of continuity and change.
Historical analysis enables us to identify continuities over
time in core institutions, values, ideals, and traditions, as

WV CSO

Other

SS.9.H.CL2.2

Era 2

Investigate the various components

Early Civilizations and the

of culture and civilization including

Emergence of Pastoral Peoples,

customs, norms, values, traditions,

4000-1000 BCE

political systems, economic systems,

well as processes that lead to change within societies and

religious beliefs and philosophies in

Standard 1

institutions, and that result in innovation and the

ancient river civilizations.

The major characteristics of

development of new ideas, values and ways of life.

civilization and how civilizations

Study of the past makes us aware of the ways in which

emerged in Mesopotamia, Egypt,

human beings have viewed themselves, their societies and

and the Indus valley

the wider world at different periods of time.

Theme 4: Individual Development and


Identity- Given the nature of individual development in
a social and cultural context, students need to be aware of
the processes of learning, growth, and interaction at every
level of their own school experiences. The examination of

SS.9.H.CL3.2 analyze the impact of

Era 3

the religion on classical civilizations,

Classical Traditions, Major

including rise and growth of

Religions, and Giant Empires,

Christianity, Hinduism and the effects 1000 BCE-300 CE


of its beliefs and practices on daily

various forms of human behavior enhances an

life, changes that occurred as a result

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understanding of the relationships between social norms and

of Buddhist teachings, and the

How major religions and large-

emerging personal identities, the social processes that

influence of a variety of religions

scale empires arose in the

influence identity formation, and the ethical principles

(e.g., Judaism and Zoroastrianism) on Mediterranean basin, China, and

underlying individual action.

culture and politics.

India, 500 BCE-300 CE

Theme 6: Power, Authority, and


Governance- The development of civic competence
requires an understanding of the foundations of political
thought, and the historical development of various structures
of power, authority, and governance. It also requires
knowledge of the evolving functions of these structures in

SS.9.H.CL6.3 analyze the causes and

Era 6

effects of political revolutions and

The Emergence of the First

determine their impact on the

Global Age, 1450-1770

formation of governments and on the


citizens of a society (e.g., French,

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Italian, German and Latin American.)

Economic, political, and cultural

contemporary U.S. society, as well as in other parts of the

interrelations among peoples of

world. Learning the basic ideals and values of a

Africa, Europe, and the Americas,

constitutional democracy is crucial to understanding our

1500-1750

system of government. By examining the purposes and


characteristics of various governance systems, learners
develop an understanding of how different groups and
nations attempt to resolve conflicts and seek to establish
order and security.

Theme 7: Production, Distribution,


and Consumption- People have wants that often
exceed the limited resources available to them. The unequal
distribution of resources necessitates systems of exchange,
including trade, to improve the well-being of the economy,

SS.9.H.CL5.4 explain how European

Era 6

needs/wants for foreign products

The Emergence of the First

contributed to the Age of Exploration

Global Age, 1450-1770


Standard 1

while the role of government in economic policy-making

How the transoceanic interlinking

varies over time and from place to place. Increasingly,

of all major regions of the world

economic decisions are global in scope and require

from 1450-1600 led to global

systematic study of an interdependent world economy and

transformations

the role of technology in economic growth. As a result, a


variety of ways have been invented to decide upon answers
to four fundamental questions: What is to be produced?
How is production to be organized? How are goods and
services to be distributed and to whom? What is the most
effective allocation of the factors of production (land, labor,
capital, and entrepreneurship)?

Theme 8: Science, Technology, and


Society- Science, and its practical application,

SS.9.H.CL6.2 describe the Agricultural

Era 7

and Industrial Revolutions and determine

An Age of Revolutions, 1750-

their impact on the evolution of society.

1914

technology, have had a major influence on social and


cultural change, and on the ways people interact with the

Standard 2

world. Scientific advances and technology have influenced


life over the centuries, and modern life, as we know it,

The causes and consequences of

would be impossible without technology and the science

the agricultural and industrial

that supports it. It draws upon several scholarly fields from

revolutions, 1700-1850

the natural and physical sciences, social sciences, and the


humanities for specific examples of issues as well as the
knowledge base for considering responses to the societal
issues related to science and technology.

Theme 9: Global Connections- Global

SS.9.H.CL1.2 detail and predict the

Era 1

connections have intensified and accelerated the changes

causes and effects of the Agricultural

The Beginnings of Human

faced at the local, national, and international levels. The

Revolution.

Society

effects are evident in rapidly changing social, economic, and


political institutions and systems. World trade has expanded
and technology has removed or lowered many barriers,
bringing far-flung cultures, institutions, and systems
together. Connections among nations and regions of the
world provide opportunities as well as uncertainties. The
realities of global interdependence require deeper
understanding of the increasing and diverse global
connections among world societies and regions.

Standard 2
The processes that led to the
emergence of agricultural
societies around the world

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