Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TRANSPORTASI
OUTLINE
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kelley.iu.edu/mabert/e730/scm-transportation.p
Lokasi
Kebutuhan barang
Faktor fisik dari barang
Faktor operasional; ukuran
perusahaan/produsen, kebijakan
distribusi, dll.
Faktor geografis
Faktor dinamis; variasi musiman pada
demand
Faktor pentarifan
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Spatial
Structure
Packaging
and
recycling
Regulation
and
deregulation
Fuel costs,
taxes and
subsidies
Infrastructur
e and
congestion
Safety and
environment
al policies
Technology
PERKEMBANGAN TRANSPORTASI
BARANG
1956- Containerization era
1956- Interstate highway system
Late 70s and 80s- Deregulation of
transportation industry
80s and 90s- Intermodalism
Transportation innovations fostered
logistics and supply chain
revolution
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BUSINESS LOGISTICS
from push to pull logistics systems
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Non-motor
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ANGKUTAN BARANG
DENGAN KERETA API
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Perkembangan teknologi
Peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat
Turunnya tarif
Globalisasi
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Kategori
Maritime shipping didominasi oleh bulk
cargo, namun break-bulk cargo juga
mengalami peningkatan karena adanya
containerization.
Bulk cargo. Mengangkut barang curah
baik kering maupun cair.
Break-bulk cargo. Mengangkut semua
jenis barang atau komoditi.
Tanker. Mengangkut minyak
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ANGKUTAN BARANG
MELALUI PIPA
Pipelines tidak mengoperasikan kendaraan
seperti sarana transportasi yang lain, sebab
sarana pengangkutnya merupakan pipa itu
sendiri. Sehingga variabel cost menjadi rendah
Labor cost menjadi sangat rendah karena
tingkat otomatisasinya sangat tinggi.
Sifat alami proses operasinya (one-waymovement, limited geographic coverage of
points, limited products, etc)
Pipelines rate dinyatakan dalam satuan perbarrel (1 barrel = 24 gallons)
Jenis barang yang diangkut, adalah barang
yang berbentuk cair, seperti minyak, air, aspal
dan lain-lain
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INTERMODAL
Intermodal adalah transportasi yang meliputi
beberapa jenis carrier untuk sebuah
perjalanan tunggal (single journey)
Intermodal menghubungkan beberapa moda
transportasi yang berbeda dan
memindahkan penumpang atau barang dari
suatu moda ke moda lainnya dengan fasilitas
berupa airport, terminal ataupun stasiun.
Setiap pergerakan dirancang untuk
memberdayakan setiap moda agar proses
transportasi dapat berlangsung dengan
efisien dan ekonomis.
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NON-INTERMODAL
Pergerakan barang juga terjadi melalui
non-intermodal facilities, dimana
perpindahan barang terjadi antar carrier,
namun dalam moda yang sama.
Contohnya:
Distribution centre
Manufacturing plants
Transloading facilities
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Pendekatan win-win
Memahami proses intermodal
barang
Kesempatan besar dalam
penggunaan teknologi informasi
Adanya rantai pemeliharaanpenjagaan-pengamanan untuk
barang, pengemudi dan
transportation asset yang kokoh
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INTERMODAL FREIGHT
PROCESS
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Low $
Truck
Rail Unit
Water
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FOB vs CIF
Freight-on-Board (FOB) cost structures involve
the production cost plus any transport costs to
the customers. This implies that customers
located nearby will have a lower overall cost
than customers that are further away.
Under the Cost-Insurance-Freight (CIF) cost
structure, every consumer is charged the same
price, which commonly reflects the average
transport cost. Customers located close to
production are "subsidizing" the costs paid by
customers located further away. This price
structure is common for consuming goods.
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Costs
Freight-on-Board
Cost-Insurance-Freight
Production Costs
Distance
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TON-MILES OF TRANSPORTED
FREIGHT, UNITED STATES, 1960-2003
(MILLIONS)
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PENGEMBANGAN ANGKUTAN
BARANG
Developing better freight data and tools
Building freight professional capacity
Improving intermodal freight research and
technology
Facilitating nationally significant freight projects
Promotes new intelligent transportation by:
Promoting standardized communications via the 5.9 GHz
radio frequency, newly-designated for transportation use
Promoting Intelligent Railroad Systems, including positive
train control
Evaluating a Universal Electronic Freight Manifest that
could satisfy logistical, decision-support, and international
trade and security data needs
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans
Coyle, Bardi, Novack, Transportation,5e, SouthWestern College Publishing, USA.
PPRI No.81 Thn.1998 tentang Lalu Lintas dan
Angkutan Kereta Api
Kepmen Perhubungan No.Km 8 thn.1995 tentang
Kebijaksanaan Tarif Angkutan Penumpang dan Barang
Technology and the National Freight Action Agenda, by
Richard M. Biter, Deputy Director US DOT, Office of
Intermodalism, November 17, 2004
American Trucking Association
J.de D. Ortuzar L.G. Willumsen, Willey, Modelling
transport,1990
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kelley.iu.edu/mabert/e730/scm-transportation.p
TRANSPORTATION MODES
T r a n s p o r t a t io n
E x t e r n a l t r a n s p o r a t io n
m odes
R a i lw a y
t r a n s p o r t a t io n
Road
t r a n s p o r t a t io n
A ir
t r a n s p o r t a t io n
W a te r
t r a n s p o r t a t io n
in t e r n a l t r a n s p o r t a t io n
m odes
c o n t in o u s
m ean s o f co n veyan ce
d is c o n t i n o u s
m ean s o f co n veyan ce
p i p e l in e
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kelley.iu.edu/mabert/e730/scm-transportation.p
TRANSPORT COSTS
Components of Transport Cost
Transaction Costs
Friction of Distance
Shipment
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http://people.hofstra.edu/geotran
Fixed/Capital Costs
Operating Costs
Rail or
Highway
Land, Construction,
Rolling Stock
Maintenance, Labor,
Fuel
Pipeline
Land, Construction
Maintenance,
Energy
Air
Maintenance, Fuel,
Labor
Maritime
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http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans
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www.physics.rutgers.edu/~kotliar
CURBSIDE LANES
Curbside bus lanes biasanya
efektif selama peak hours di
peak directions; bila bukan peak
hours, lane dipergunakan untuk
parking dan pengiriman
MEDIAN LANES
Bus lanes terletak diantara
(middle) 2 jalur traffic
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www.physics.rutgers.edu/~kotliar/
CONTRAFLOW LANES
contraflow lane adalah jalur (lane) bus yang
berjalan disisi yang berseberangan arah
(opposite direction)
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www.physics.rutgers.edu/~kotliar/
Loading platform in
Curitiba, Brazil.
www.physics.rutgers.edu/~kotliar/
Rail Transit
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CENTRAL CONTROL
Vehicle Control Center
(VCC)
(Vital system controller)
Central Control Operator
Workstation: SMC + VCC
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Aerial tramways
Funiculars
Gondolas
Monorail
Moving cableway shuttle transit
People movers
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refugedata.fws.gov/trb/ 2004Presentations/CottrellParkATS.
AERIAL TRAMWAYS
GONDOLAS
Palm Springs
Townnews.atevo.com
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FUNICULARS
PEOPLE MOVERS
Lookout Mountain
web.presby.edu/~jtbell
Schwalmstadt-Ziegenhain
Hospital, Germany
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MONORAIL
Miami Metrozoo
www.monorails.org
MOVING
CABLEWAY SHUTTLE
TRANSIT
J. Paul Getty Center, Los
Angeles
www.elevator-world.com
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refugedata.fws.gov/trb/ 2004Presentations/CottrellParkATS.
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refugedata.fws.gov/trb/ 2004Presentations/CottrellParkATS.
KESELAMATAN (Security)
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http://transitsafety.volpe.dot.gov/securit
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http://transitsafety.volpe.dot.gov/securit
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http://transitsafety.volpe.dot.gov/security
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http://transitsafety.volpe.dot.gov/security
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http://transitsafety.volpe.dot.gov/security