ELS2201 Electromagnetics Week 1 Review

ELS2201: Electromagnetics
Week 1
(Review)
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI DEL

Jl Sisingamangaraja, Tobasamosir (22381), Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
telp +62632331234, fax +626323311116, www.del.ac.id
4/18/16
GDE/ELS2201 - Electromagnetics
Vector Analysis
Coordinate Systems
Coulombs Laws
Electric Field
Refference:
Willam H. Hayt, Jr.,
John A. Buck,
Engineering
Electromagnetics,
8th Edition,
McGraw Hill, 2012
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Apa itu
Elektromagneti
k??
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Medan Lestrik/
Electric field
Timbul akibat adanya suatu
partikel bermuatan dan
menyebabkan terjadinya
gaya listrik.
Magnetic field
Terjadi akibat adanya gerakan
dari suatu muatan atau arus
listrik dan menyebabkan
terjadinya gaya magnet
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Mengapa
Elektromag
netik
penting??
headstartsport.co.za
4/18/16
Our life surrounded by Electricity!
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Our life surrounded by Electricity!
4/18/16
Our world
depend on
Electricity
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Lightning
Time Elapsed 0.2 s

Up to 100.000.000 volts
Fenomena Elektromagnetik
merupakan hasil dari suatu
sifat alami di alam (hukum
alam)
4/18/16
www.modernarea.pl
4/18/16
Untuk memahami dan dapat

memanfaatkannya, kita
membutuhkan tools untuk
Scalar and Vector

Scalar refers to a quantity whose value may be represented by
a single (positive or negative) real number.
Some examples include distance, temperature, mass, density,
pressure, volume, and time.
A vector quantity has both a magnitude and a direction in
space. We especially concerned with two- and threedimensional spaces only.
Displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force are examples of
vectors.
Scalar notation:
Vector notation:
arrow)
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or A (italic or plain)
A or A
(bold or plain with
AB BA
A ( B + C) ( A B ) + C
A B A (B)
A 1
A
n n
AB 0 A B
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Chapter 1
Vector Analysis
Rectangular Coordinate System

Differential surface units:
dx dy
dy dz
dx dz
Differential volume unit :
dx dy dz
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Vector Components and Unit Vectors
r xyz
r xa x ya y za z
a x , a y , a z : unit vectors
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R PQ ?
R PQ rQ rP
(2a x 2a y a z ) (1a x 2a y 3a z )
a x 4a y 2a z
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Vector Components and Unit Vectors

For any vector B, B Bxa x Bya y + Bz a z :
B Bx2 By2 Bz2 B
aB
Magnitude of B
2
2
2
B
Bx By Bz
Unit vector in the direction of B
Example
Given points M(1,2,1) and N(3,3,0), find RMN and aMN.
R MN (3a x 3a y 0a z ) (1a x 2a y 1a z ) 4a x 5a y a z
a MN
4a x 5a y 1a z
R MN
0.617a x 0.772a y 0.154a z
2
2
2
R MN
4 (5) (1)
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Dot Product
Given two vectors A and B, the dot product, or scalar product,
is defines as the product of the magnitude of A, the magnitude
of B, and the cosine of the smaller angle between them:
A B A B cos AB
The dot product is a scalar, and it obeys the commutative law:

A B B A
For any vector A Axa x Ay a y + Az a z and B Bxa x By a y + Bz a z ,

A B Ax Bx Ay By + Az Bz
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Chapter 1
Vector Analysis
Dot Product
One of the most important applications of the dot product is that of
finding the component of a vector in a given direction.
The scalar component of B in the direction

of the unit vector a is Ba
The vector component of B in the direction
of the unit vector a is (Ba)a
B a B a cos Ba B cos Ba
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Chapter 1
Vector Analysis
Dot Product
Example
The three vertices of a triangle are located at A(6,1,2),
B(2,3,4), and C(3,1,5). Find: (a) RAB; (b) RAC; (c) the angle
BAC at vertex A; (d) the vector projection of RAB on RAC.
B
R AB (2a x 3a y 4a z ) (6a x a y 2a z ) 8a x 4a y 6a z
R AC (3a x 1a y 5a z ) (6a x a y 2a z ) 9a x 2a y 3a z
BAC
R AB R AC R AB R AC cos BAC
cos BAC
R R
AB AC
R AB R AC
(8a x 4a y 6a z ) ( 9a x 2a y 3a z )
(8) (4) ( 6)
2
(9) (2) (3)
BAC cos 1 (0.594) 53.56
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62
116
94
0.594
Vector Analysis
Dot Product
Example
The three vertices of a triangle are located at A(6,1,2),
B(2,3,4), and C(3,1,5). Find: (a) RAB; (b) RAC; (c) the angle
BAC at vertex A; (d) the vector projection of RAB on RAC.
R AB on R AC R AB a AC a AC
(9a x 2a y 3a z ) ( 9a x 2a y 3a z )
( 8a x 4a y 6a z )
(9) 2 (2) 2 (3) 2 (9) 2 (2) 2 (3) 2
62 ( 9a x 2a y 3a z )
94
94
5.963a x 1.319a y 1.979a z
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Vector Analysis
Cross Product
Given two vectors A and B, the magnitude of the cross product,
or vector product, written as AB, is defines as the product of
the magnitude of A, the magnitude of B, and the sine of the
smaller angle between them.
The direction of AB is perpendicular to the plane containing A
and B and is in the direction of advance of a right-handed screw
as A is turned into B.
A B a N A B sin AB
The cross product is a vector, and it is

not commutative:
(B A ) ( A B)
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ax a y az
a y az ax
az ax a y
Vector Analysis
Cross Product
Example
Given A = 2ax3ay+az and B = 4ax2ay+5az, find AB.
A B ( Ay Bz Az By )a x ( Az Bx Ax Bz )a y ( Ax By Ay Bx )a z
(3)(5) (1)(2) a x (1)(4) (2)(5) a y (2)( 2) ( 3)(4) a z

13a x 14a y 16a z
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Chapter 1
Vector Analysis
The Cylindrical Coordinate System
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Chapter 1
Vector Analysis
d dz
d dz
d d
x cos
d d dz
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Relation between the

rectangular and the cylindrical
coordinate systems
y sin
zz
x2 y 2
1 y
tan
x
zz
Chapter 1
Vector Analysis

?
az
az
A Ax a x Ay a y + Az a z A A a A a + Az a z
a
ay
a
ax
Dot products of unit vectors in

cylindrical and rectangular
coordinate systems
A A a
( Ax a x Ay a y + Az a z ) a
Axa x a Ay a y
a + Az a z a
Ax cos Ay sin
A A a
( Ax a x Ay a y + Az a z ) a
Axa x a Ay a y
a + Az a z a
Ax sin Ay cos
Az A a z
( Ax a x Ay a y + Az a z ) a z
Ax a x a z Ay a y
a z + Az a z az
Az
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Chapter 1
Vector Analysis
The Spherical Coordinate System
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4/18/16
Chapter 1
Vector Analysis
dr rd
dr r sin d
rd r sin d

4/18/16
dr rd r sin d
Chapter 1
Vector Analysis

Relation between the rectangular and
the spherical coordinate systems
x r sin cos
r x2 y 2 z 2 , r 0
y r sin sin
cos
z r cos
tan
z
x y z
2
y
x
Dot products of unit vectors in spherical and

rectangular coordinate systems
4/18/16
, 0 180
Chapter 1
Vector Analysis

Example
Given the two points, C(3,2,1) and D(r = 5, = 20, = 70), find: (a) the spherical
coordinates of C; (b) the rectangular coordinates of D.
r x 2 y 2 z 2 (3) 2 (2) 2 (1) 2 3.742
cos 1
tan 1
z
x2 y 2 z 2
cos 1
1
74.50
3.742
y
2
tan 1
33.69 180 146.31
x
3
C (r 3.742, 74.50, 146.31)

D( x 0.585, y 1.607, z 4.698)
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Coulombs Law
Hukum Coulomb:
Gaya pada q1 oleh q2
r
q1q2
F12 ke 2 r
r
1
ke
8.9875 109 N m 2 /C 2
4 0
vektor
satuan dari q1 ke q2
r :
4/18/16
r
r
r
r
q1q2 r
F12 ke 3 r
r
Electric Field
Medan listrik pada suatu titik adalah gaya
yang bekerja pada muatan uji q0 pada titik
tersebut, dibagi dengan muatan q0 :
F
E
q0
q
Untuk sebuah muatan titik q:E k
r
e 2
r
Satuan: N/C, juga Volt/meter
4/18/16

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ELS2201: Electromagnetics

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI DEL

Our life surrounded by Electricity!

Our life surrounded by Electricity!

Time Elapsed 0.2 s

Untuk memahami dan dapat

Scalar and Vector

Rectangular Coordinate System

Differential volume unit :

Vector Components and Unit Vectors

Vector Components and Unit Vectors

Unit vector in the direction of B

The dot product is a scalar, and it obeys the commutative law:

For any vector A Axa x Ay a y + Az a z and B Bxa x By a y + Bz a z ,

The scalar component of B in the direction

(9) (2) (3)

BAC cos 1 (0.594) 53.56

(9) 2 (2) 2 (3) 2 (9) 2 (2) 2 (3) 2

5.963a x 1.319a y 1.979a z

The cross product is a vector, and it is

(3)(5) (1)(2) a x (1)(4) (2)(5) a y (2)( 2) ( 3)(4) a z

The Cylindrical Coordinate System

The Cylindrical Coordinate System

Differential surface units:

Differential volume unit :

Relation between the

The Cylindrical Coordinate System

Dot products of unit vectors in

The Spherical Coordinate System

The Spherical Coordinate System

The Spherical Coordinate System

Differential surface units:

Differential volume unit :

The Spherical Coordinate System

Dot products of unit vectors in spherical and

The Spherical Coordinate System

r x 2 y 2 z 2 (3) 2 (2) 2 (1) 2 3.742

C (r 3.742, 74.50, 146.31)

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