Running head: SELF ESTEEM IN YOUNG ADULTS

Self Esteem in Young Adults:

Annotated Bibliography
Jared Gage
Center for Advanced Research and Technology

SELF ESTEEM IN YOUNG ADULTS

Annotated Bibliography
Iiklar, A. , ar, A. H. , & Durmuceleb, M. (2013). An investigation of the relationship
between high-school students problematic mobile phone use and their self-esteem levels.
Education, 134. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA34680
8441&v=2.1&u=fres74747&it=r&p=GPS&asid=f4277038c0f43b4d80272dde6685be1a
This study was done among 919 high school students in Turkey, forty-three percent being
female. The participants were tested using a Problematic Mobile Phone Use Scale, which
was a twenty-seven question evaluation to determine how problematic the phone use of
the participants was; the evaluation was adapted into Turkish for this experiment. The
participants were then tested using the ten item Rosenberg Self-Esteem Test.
The hypothesis of this experiment was that higher levels of problematic phone usage
would be correlated with lower self-esteems. It was also hypothesized that there would be
differences between males and females in this correlations. The results of this study
showed that there was in fact an inverse correlation between problematic phone usage
and self-esteem. However, there was not a significant difference in the results between
male and female participants.
Jansen, D. L. , Rijken, M. , Kaptein, A. A. , Boeschoten, E. W. , Dekker, F. W. , &
Groenwegen, P. P. (2014). The role of social support in dialysis patients feelings of
autonomy and self-esteem: Is support more beneficial for patients with specific illness
perceptions?. Families, Systems, & Health, 32. doi: 10.1037/fsh0000028
There were 166 patients of dialysis treatment that were participants in this study. There
were fifty-nine females, and each participant was over the age of eighteen years old. The
participants were given three evaluations, the first being a patients perceived autonomy,
tested by two items from the autonomy scale of the CASP-19. The second evaluation was
the daily oriented emotional support and problem-oriented emotional support of the
Social Support List-Interactions (Van Sonderen, 1993). Lastly the participants were rated
in their self-esteems. Demographics were taken for informational purposes. The
evaluations were given out by nurses to be completed at home or in the hospital by the
participants.
The hypothesis of this experiment was that there would be a positive correlation between
the amount of emotional support a patient received, dependent on their level of autonomy
and their self-esteem levels. The data supported this hypothesis, as people who were less
autonomous and received more care had higher self-esteem. There was no correlation
found between a persons demographics with their self-esteem in this experiment.

SELF ESTEEM IN YOUNG ADULTS

Myers, J. E. , Willse, J. T. , & Villalba, J. A. (2011). Promoting self-esteem in adolescents:

The influence of wellness factors. Journal of Counseling and Development, 89.
Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA248092368&v=
2.1&u=fres74747&it=r&p=GPS&asid=f4f70baf7ac3947a07398f599a5ec1ac
This study utilized 140 high school students, 54% female and 85% Caucasian. The
participants were asked to fill out a demographic form as well as two evaluations. The
first evaluation was the Five Factor Wellness Inventory (5F-Wel; Myers & Sweeney,
2005a). The second was the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventories-School Form (CSEISF; Coopersmith, 2002). The results were then compiled to evaluate correlations.
It was predicted that holistic factors would be correlated with self-esteem. Holistic factors
including social, physical, coping, essential, and creative abilities were found to be
positively correlated with self-esteem. Some of the factors, specifically coping and social
abilities were highly correlated with self-esteem. The correlations claimed that
determining the magnitude of these abilities was a good indicator in adolescents of selfesteem.
Peteet, B. J. , Brown, C. M. , Lige, Q. M. , & Lanaway, D. A. (2015). Imposterism is
associated with greater psychological distress and lower self-esteem for african american
students. Current Psychology, 34. doi: 10.1007/s12144-014-9248-z
There were 112 college students surveyed for this experiment, 74% female and all
identifying themselves as African American. About 65% were freshmen or sophomores,
compared to 35% upperclassmen, and 95% were full time students. The students were
asked to fill out three evaluations, the first being an imposterism test. The Clance
Impostor Scale (CIPS; Clance and Imes 1978) was used to evaluate the degree to which
an individual feels like an intellectual impostor. The second test was the KesslerPsychological Distress Scale (K10; Kessler et al. 2002), which measured non-specific
psychological distress in the previous 30 days. The final test was the Rosenberg SelfEsteem Scale (Rosenberg 1965).
It was predicted that imposterism would be positively correlated with psychological
distress, but negatively correlated with self-esteem. The test results supported the
hypothesis, as they showed a correlation between imposterism and psychological distress
as well as self-esteem. It was also showed that psychological distress was negatively
correlated with self-esteem, though that was not necessarily expected to be seen. The
study showed that college students follow a similar trend of imposterism that had been
recorded among other age groups of African Americans but had not been well tested for
the eighteen to twenty-six age group.

SELF ESTEEM IN YOUNG ADULTS

Valadez, J. C. (2015). Vocational identity, clarity of self-concept and self-esteem in peruvian

adolescents. Psychology, Society, & Education, 7. Retrieved from
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA419764213&v=2.1&
u=fres74747&it=r&p=GPS&asid=c9e4991fcc0d10e7812186de09fd74f1
There were 182 students between fourteen and eighteen years old tested, 44% of them
female, in a private school in Lima. They were given four separate assessments, the first
of which was the attitudinal dimension of the developmental of career CDC questionnaire
(Super et al., 1981) to test career exploration. The second was a vocational identity scale
(Holland, Daiger, and Power, 1980) to test the vocational commitment of the students.
The third test was the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965), and the final was the Clarity
Scale Autoconcepto-SSC (Campbell et al., 1996), which tested self-concept. A test of
demographics was also taken, and results were compiled.
The hypothesis was that there would be a positive correlation between self-concept along
with self-esteem and vocational identity, which is broken into the ideas of career
exploration and vocational commitment. The hypothesis was supported, as the study
showed positive correlations between self-concept and vocational commitment. It was
also showed that males tend to have higher self-esteem levels compared to females, and
this could be correlated with males higher career exploration. Females are seen to have
less vocational commitment and self-esteem, but higher self-concept clarity compared to
males.