Exercise

4: Organogenesis (Neurulation) MFDTuazon 1

Neurulation- Neurulation refers to the folding

nephrotome) excretory system

process in vertebrate embryos, which includes

the transformation of the neural plate into the

Mesomere (intermediate mesoderm =

Hypomere (lateral plate mesoderm) will

neural tube. The embryo at this stage is

differentiate into the inner splanchnic and

termed the neurula.

outer somatic
Endoderm:

I. Neural Plate stage

surrounds the gastrocoel

II. Neural Fold Stage

Neural plate:
-

region of embryonic ectodermal cells

(neuroectoderm)

Neural folds:

folds to form the neural fold -> neural

tube

Neural groove:

syn: medullary plate

Presumptive epidermis:
-

Notochord:
directly

will give rise to the neurocoel

Hypochordal:
beneath

the

neural

plate,

originating from the mesoderm (dorsal

-

depression in the midline formed by the

folding of the neural plate

- remainder of the ectoderm

-

portion of the neural plate that is elevated

group of cells bet. The notochord and

archenteric roof

region of the archenteric roof)

fate: temporary

fate: temporary (will disappear)

syn: subnotochordal roof

Mesoderm:
-

Epimere (dorsal mesoderm) - somites

2 Exercise 4: Organogenesis (Neurulation) MFDTuazon

III. Neural Tube Stage

Pronephros
Mesomere

Metanephros
Mesenchyme

Mesonephros

outer somatic
mesoderm

Neural tube
Hypomere

Neurocoel: cavity of the neural tube

inner splanchnic
mesoderm

Neural crest cells:

-

group of cells above the neural tube

fate: migrate throughout the embryo to

from

ganglia,

sympathetic

nervous

system, pigment cells, parts of the gill

Note: a coelom will be formed between the outer somatic

arches, etc.

mesoderm and inner splanchnic mesoderm

Mesoderm:
-

have already differentiated

Epimere

sclerotome

axial
skeleton

myotome

muscles

dermatome

dermis
of the
skin