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Pembentukan karbanion
R3C-
R3C-X + Y
O-
+ XY+
R- + CO2
Ph3C-Cl
Na/Hg
Ph3C-H + Na+NH2-
H3CH2C
Li
Ph3C-Na+
NH3 cair
H3C
Ph3C-Na+ + NH3
CH2
Li
carbanion
2
3. Carbanion Intermediates
Carbanions are negatively charged and electron-rich.
CH3
CH3CH2
-:
sp3 orbital
H
H
H
R C
R C
H C
H C
3o
2o
1o
methyl
Least Stable
Most Stable
Pemantapan karbanion
a. Peningkatan sifat s karbon karbanionnya.
CH3-CH3 < CH2=CH2 < CHCH
43
28
< HC(CF3)3
11
+
C
Me
CH2
O-
CH2-C
CH2=C=N-
+ BH+
pKa = 25
+ BH+
pKa = 20
+ BH+
pKa = 10.2
B:
B:
CH2
Me
O
CH2-C=O
Me
CH2=C-O-
OO
CH2-N+=O
OCH2=N+-O-
d. Aromatisitas
BH+
H
B:
H
pKa = 14,5
CH3-HC=CH-CH=CH2
pKa = 37
43
37
37
37
33
28
25
25
20
19
CH2(CO2Et)2
CH2(CN)2
HC(CF
( 3) 3
MeCOCH2CO2Et
CH3NO2
(MeCO)2CH2
(MeCO)3CH
CH2(NO2)2
(CH(NO2)3
CH(CN)3
13,3
12
11
10,7
10,2
8,8
6
4
0
0
7
Konfigurasi karbanion
R'
C
"R
R"
R
R'
Br
Br
10-6
10-14
Br
Laju solvolisis
10
Ph
Ph
O
H
O
H
OH
O
CH3-C-CHCO2Et
CH3-C=CHCO2Et
enol
keto H
CH2=N-OH
CH2-N=O
O-
O-
Mekanisme reaksi
B:
B:
R2C-CH=Y
R'OH
H
antar molekul
R2C-CH=Y
ROH
B:
R2C
C=CH-Y
CH Y
B
H
R2C-CH=Y
B:
#
B:
H
Y
R2 C
C
H
R2C=CH-Y
H
intramolekul
R2C=CH-Y
12
CH3-C-CHCO2Et
O
B:
CH3-C-CHCO2Et
R'OH
CH3-C=CHCO2Et
ROH
keto H
B
B:
enol
CH3-C=CHCO2Et
H3C
Me
H
Et3N:
NEt3
OH
O
2
3
Et
Et
H3C
CH
H3C
C
H
H
(1) Vmaks 1718 cm-1
14
1,5x10-4 MeCOCH2CO2Et
8,0
CH2(CO2Et)2
7,7x10-3 MeCOCHPhCO2Et
30,0
NCCH2CO2Et
2,5x10-1 MeCOCH2COMe
76,4
Sikloheksanon
1,2
PhCOCH2COMe
89,2
15
H
O
O
Et
H3C
C
H
H3C
H
O
CH3
H3C
CH3
C
H
C
O
H2C
CH3
5,6 X 10-3 %
100%
REAKSI KARBANION
1. Adisi
Karbonasi : reaksi karbanion dengan CO2
O
R-M+
R
0=C=0
O-M+
H3C
Br
Li
CH3
H3C
Li+
CO2- Li+
H3C
CO2
CH3
CH3
2. Eliminasi
a. melalui reaksi E1cB
B: H
PhSO2
CH
CH2
PhSO2
H
C
CH2
PhSO2
H
C
CH2
b. dekarboksilasi
Me2C
-
CMe2NO2
CO2
H+
Me2CHNO2
C
MeC
O-
O-
18
H
O
C
O
CH3
C
H2
C
H2
CH3
H2C
CO2
H3C
CH3
CH3
H
CR2
CR2
C
O
C
H2
C
H2
H
CR2
+
H2C
19
OH
O
CH3-C-CHCO2Et
CH3-C=CHCO2Et
enol
keto H
CH2=N-OH
CH2-N=O
O-
O-
Mekanisme reaksi
B:
B:
R2C-CH=Y
R'OH
H
antar molekul
R2C-CH=Y
ROH
B:
R2C
C=CH-Y
CH Y
B
H
R2C-CH=Y
B:
#
B:
H
Y
R2 C
C
H
R2C=CH-Y
H
intramolekul
R2C=CH-Y
20
10