SabrinaSainte

Chemistry117:Section1,TAAndrewGnann
22February2016

Lab2:EstimatingAvogadrosNumber
Table1showsthevariouscalculationsofthestearicacidmonolayerandtheCarbonatomsfrom
twotrialsinpart1ofthelabexperiment.

Table1.ThistableshowsthecalculationsusedtoestimateN
usingthestearicacidsolution.
A

ConcentrationofStearicAcid(SA)solution:0.0010M

Trial1
Trial2

0.750
0.630
1 Initialvolume(mL)ofsolutioninsyringe

0.555
0.380
2 Finalvolume(mL)ofsolutioninsyringe

0.195
0.250
3 Volume(mL)usedtocoversurface

284.5
284.5
4 Molesofstearicacidused
(mol=C
*V
)
SA
SA

0.2845
0.2845
5 Mass(g)ofstearicacidused
(MWofSA=284.5g/mol)

0.335
0.335
3
6 Volume(cm
)ofstericacidused
3
(D
=0.85g/cm
)
SA

8.02
9.14
7 Radius(cm)ofmonolayer
(r=circumference/2)

202.07
262.45
2
8 Area(cm
)ofmonolayer
2
(A=r
)

1.66x10 3
1.28x10 3
9 Thickness(cm)ofmonolayer
(t=V/A)

9.22x10 5
7.11x10 5
10 Height(cm)ofonecarbonatom
(h=t/18)
1.93x10 14
1.25x10 14
11

3
Volume(cm
)ofcarbonatom,V
atom
3
(V
=h
)
atom
3
Volume(cm
)ofonemoleofCarbon,V
mol
3
12 D
=3.51g/cm

Carbon(diamond)
(V
=Atomicmass
/Density
)
mol
carbon
carbon
Numberofatomspermole
13
(N
=V
/V
)
A
mol
atom

3.422

3.422

1.77x10 14

2.71x10 14

Discussion
Part1

1. NeitheroftheestimationsofAvogadro'snumberusingthedatafrombothtrialswere
14
accuratesincetheresultforthefirsttrialwas1.77x10
atm/mol,whiletheresultforthe
14
secondtrialwas2.71x10atm/mol.

2.

PercentErrorforTrial1:
23
1.77x1014)
(100) * | (6.022x10
| =99.97%
6.022x1023

PercentErrorforTrial2:
23
2.41x1014)
(100) * | (6.022x10
| =99.96%
6.022x1023

3. Fromthefollowingcalculations,itisimpossibletotellwhetherthesphericalorcubic
approximationsfromthetwotrialsismoreaccurate,sinceallcalculationshaveapercent
errorof100percent,meaningallthemeasuredvaluesareincorrect.

PercentErrorforTrial1:
cubicapproximation:
23
9.22x1015)
(100) * | (6.022x10
| =100%
6.022x1023

sphericalapproximation:
23
1.93x1014)
(100) * | (6.022x10
| =100%
6.022x1023

PercentErrorforTrial2:
cubicapproximation:

23

15

7.11x10
(100) * | (6.022x10
6.022x1023

| =100%

sphericalapproximation
23
1.25x1014)
(100) * | (6.022x10
| =100%
6.022x1023

4. Themainsourceoferrorforthisexperimentwasthatthefirsttwovaluescalculated(#3and
#5ofTable1)fromthegivenvalues(#1,#2,and#4fromTable1)mayhavebeensolved
incorrectlywhichmakestheestimationofN
,aswellasothervaluesonthedatatablethat
A
wereultimatelyfoundbyusingthevolumeandmassofSA,alsopossiblyinaccurate.

Part2
1.
EstimationofN
=V
/V
A
mol
atm

12
12
V
=(AtomicradiusofAlconvertedinmeters:143pmx 10
m)
atm
1pm =143x10

74%packingefficiency
(hexagonalpackedstructure,6atomsperunitcell)
3
Vatm=#atomperunitcellx 4r
3
12

12

m)
6x 4(143x10

3
29 3
=7.35x10m

23 3
=7.35x10
cm
(convertedintocm)

52%packingefficiency
(simpleunitcellstructure,1atomperunitcell)
3
Vatm=#atomperunitcellx 4r
3
m)
1x 4(143x10

3
29 3
=1.225x10m

23 3
=1.225x10cm
(convertedintocm)

cm3
9.99mol
V
= 26.98g
mol
1mol x 2.7g = cm3

NAfor74%packingefficiencymodel
V mol
V atm

9.99mol
3

cm
23
= 7.35x10

1.359x10
atoms/mol
23 =

NAfor52%packingefficiencymodel
V mol
V atm

9.99mol
3

cm
23
= 1.225x10
atoms/mol
23 =8.155x10


23
2. The52%packingefficiencymodel,inwhichtheestimationof
N
was8.155x10
atomsper
A
mole,betterdescribesthepackingofaluminumatomsinthepieceoffoil.

3.
PercentErrorinEstimating
N
usingthe52%packingefficiencymodel:
A

(6.022x10238.155x1023)
(100) * |
| =35.42%
6.022x1023

4. TheestimateofAvogadro'snumberinPart2ismoreaccuratebecausethevolumeofthe
Aluminumatomswasfoundbyusingsphericalmodels,whichaccountedfortheemptyspace
betweenatomsalignedinalayerintwodifferentpackingefficiencies.SolvingfortheV
of
mol
CarbonatomsinPart1wasnotasaccuratebecausethecubicvolumeofthecarbonatomsin
stearicwasfoundinstead,andthisresultedinanunrealisticnumbersinceatomsarenot
actuallyshapedlikecubes.

5. ThenumberoflayersofAlatomsina52packingefficiency:

olume
Thickness= VArea

12
12
(AtomicradiusofAlconvertedinmeters:143pmx 10
m)
1pm =143x10
3
4r
Vol
=#atomperunitcellx 3
atm
12

m)
1x 4(143x10

3
29 3
=1.225x10m

2
Area
= r
circle

122
= (143x10
)

20 2
=6.42x10
m

olume
Thickness= VArea

29 3
m
9
1.225x10
=
1.14x10
m
6.42x1020m2