Normality Tests in SPSS

NormalityTestsinSPSS

UNTGeog3190,Wolverton

What do these tests do?

Whatdothesetestsdo?
Theycomparetheshapeofyoursampledistributiontothe
shapeofanormalcurve
Assumes
Assumes,ifyoursampleisnormalshaped,thepopulation
if your sample is normal shaped the population
fromwhichitcameisnormallydistributed
Thenyoucanassumenormality

Asignificanttestmeansthesampledistributionisnot shaped
likeanormalcurve
ShapiroWilks Wtestistheonewewillusemost

UNTGeog3190,Wolverton

Shapiro Wilks W Test

ShapiroWilksWTest
Wistheteststatistic
W is the test statistic

Wisinsignificantifthevariable
W
is insignificant if the variable'ssdistributionisnotdifferentfromnormal
distribution is not different from normal
Wthecorrelationbetweengivendataandidealnormalscores
W=1whenyoursamplevariabledataareperfectlynormal(perfectH0)
When W is significantly smaller than 1 = nonnormal (Ha isaccepted)
WhenWissignificantlysmallerthan1=nonnormal(H
is accepted)
ShapiroWilk'sWisrecommendedforsmallandmediumsamplesupton=2000

UNTGeog3190,Wolverton

What is a significant test result?

Whatisasignificanttestresult?
When
WhenWissmallenoughgivensamplesizethatp
W is small enough given sample size that p is
is
low,theresultsaresignificant
Whatisp?p istheprobabilityofTypeIerror,
rejectingtheH
j
g
0 whenitistrue
So,ifp
, p ishigh,wedonotwanttorejectH
g ,
j
0
Ifp
If p islow,thereisalowprobabilityofTypeIerror
is low, there is a low probability of Type I error
UNTGeog3190,Wolverton

Normality test Hypotheses

NormalitytestHypotheses
H0 theobserveddistributionfitsthenormal
the observed distribution fits the normal
distribution
Ha theobserveddistributiondoesnotfitthe
normaldistribution
l di ib i
IfweaccepttheH0,weaccept/assume
normalityy
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Accessingthetests
Youmustchoosethese
oryouwillnotgettest
results

AfterExplorePlots:
pushOK

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Interpretingresults

Fortestsonsamplesofn=3to2000useShapiroWilks;forthose
ofn>2000useKolmogorovSmirnov
H0 =normality
li
Ifyouaccept,thenassumenormality
Ifyoureject,thendonotassumenormality
StatisticistheteststatisticWforSW,DforKS
Sigisthesignificanceforthetest(akathepvalue)
Ifp<then0.05,rejecttheH0 becausethetestissignificant

UNTGeog3190,Wolverton

Significance, etc.
Significance,etc.
Lets
Let snotworryabouthowwedetermine
not worry about how we determine
significanceofatestatthispoint
Simplylearnthecriteriaandtrustit
Wewillgetbacktosignificantresultslaterin
theclass

UNTGeog3190,Wolverton

RejectH0

Bothchartsshowyoudeparturefromnormalityat35to40pounds

UNTGeog3190,Wolverton