PROBLEM 3.108 KNOWN: Net rive no abst FIND: () Maximum ssoter pla enperature, (Rat of neg ote per tbe SCHEMATIC: gob px J Zou 600s Line of symmetry ae = Pl A ar xelf2-O1m ASSUMPTIONS: (I) Siesd:state conditions (2) One-dimensional (x) conduction along, thsober plate (3) Uniform radition absorption a plato surface, (4) Negligible losses by Conduction through insulation (5) Negligible losses by convection at absorber pte surface, {6) Temperature of absorber pate at x0 approximately that of the water. PROPERTIES: Table 4-1, Aluminum lloy (2028-76): k= 180 Wim, ANALYSIS: The absorber plate acts as an extended surfice (a conducton-radiation system), fn differential equation which governs its temperature dstbution may be obtained by ‘applying E111 oa diferenal contol volume. For aunit length of tube Get fas (08) “ahr =0. i on with re ae GO etd = and {cfoows that, Integrating twice it follows tha, the general soliton for the temperature distribution has the form, ContinuedPROBLEM 3.108 (Cont) ‘The boundary conditions are: 1(0)=Tw Shan Hence, Sad x(L—n)+ i s(L—x}+T “The maximur absorber empeature, which sa x= 2 i tee Tea (2) “The rate of energy collection per tube may be obained by applying Fourer's law atx =0. ‘That energy is ansfezed to the tubes via conduction through the absorber plate. Hence, ef] |] ver the factor of wo arses duet heat transfer from both sides ofthe tbe, Hence, Lata Hence or < and 4 =-0.2m800 Win? or 160 Wim. < COMMENTS: Convection losses inthe types Mat plate collector, which snot evacated, would reduce the value of @PROBLEM 3.129 KNOWN: Long, luminim eylindor acts as an extended surfce FIND: (@) Increase in est ranafc if diameter pled and (b) Iereasein heat transfer it copper is ued in place of aluminum. ‘SCHEMATIC: Aluminum @ oncopper ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) One-dimensional conduction (3) Constant ropes, () Uniform convection coefficient, (5) Rodis infinitely lang. PROFERTIFS: Table 4-1, Aluminum (pre): k™=240 Wim; Table 4-1, Copper (pure) = 400 Wink. ANALYSIS: (a) For an infinitely long fin, the fn hea rate ftom Table 34 is ap =M= (PAG)! 12, events} ey 2 (uy202 ag(ne dix 0814) 704 =F 0820" where = D and Ag =aD 714 forthe circular cross-section, Note that gra. D*®. Hence, if thedioaristie, nd thre i 420% increase in hea transfor < (©) In changing fom aluminum to copper sine geek, follows that tel" nd hare i 29% increase in the heat rans ete < ‘COMMENTS: (1) Because fn effectiveness enhanced by maximizing P/Ac = 4/D, the we ‘of alager number of smal ameter fins is poferred oa single large diameter fin {@) From the standpoint of cost, weigh and machinbility, laminar is prefered over copperPROBLEM 3.137 KNOWN: Dimensions and end temperatures of pin fs FIND: (a) Heat teansfer by convection from a single fin and (bj Total heat transfer fom a1 tn? surface with fins mounted on Sm centers scHeMatic: Ble OC T(O}-100°C C= cahmer ToC Bae tet ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state, (2) One-dimensional condition along ro, @) Constant ‘opetes, (4) No intemal heat generation, (5) Nepigible radiation, PROPERTIES: Table 4-1, Copper, pure 323K) k= 400 Wink, ANALYSIS: (a) By applying conservation of energy to the fin, follows that conv = Meads Asano ‘where the conduction rates may be evaluated from knowledge cf the temperature distribution. "The general solution forte tempersture distribution is O(x)=C,e™4Ce™ OAT Te, "The boundary conditions are %=C+C2 etl acy el ‘Therefore, c=c1 4, oe, peat snd th tempore dtibton has the om feo -cnta] ‘Te condeton het rate can be evaluated by Fours a, 20 ala am ant] with = (Pre), sana = 2ug fame ab] ContinuedPROBLEM 3.137 (Cont) Hence at A (hPkAg)? Za ~ (t+etmt) Seon = Evaluating the fin parameters: ~ (2). aes | ° som re] Lin) -| sain ko001m safely eae ara?-[ one foamy nore 2] asspno cosy?-[ sora] = [aoe ane Botte] moe mL © 31.62 m! x0,025m =0.791, em! 2.204, ml 4.865 Gera 100 (2.93109 Wak) ee ee a 3 100% (2.93107 wr) eng neti ; 3368 Seed eereuaracon Gen 507 WLI W054 < (©) The total heat transfer rate the heat ansfer fom N= 2504250 ~ 62,500 rods an the heat ansfer fom the remaining (bare) surface (A= Im? -NA). Hence, 4=N cana + BAG 62,500 (1507 W)+100Win? K (0.951 m7) 100K 4-920 W40.95:104 W=1037x108 W, COMMENTS: (1) The fins, which cover only 5% ofthe surfice area, provide for more than 90% ofthe heat transfer from the surface. (2) Thefin effectiveness, © = aeons /BACBor [8 €= 192, and the fin efficiency, 19 (uoqy ME DLD,). 7 = 048 (9) The temperture distribution, 62/8, and the conduction tem, gga, could ave been bined directly from Eas, 3.82 and 3.83, respectively (4) Hea transfer by convection from angle fin cou also have been obained from Eg. 3.78.PROBLEM3.139 KNOWN: Positions of equal temperature on two long rods ofthe same diameter, but Aitfrent thermal conditvty, which ae exposed othe same base temperature and ambient sic conditions FIND: Thermal conductivity of 4B, kp. SCHEMATIC: To=100°C: ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, 2) Rods are infinitely long fn of uniform ‘ross-sectona are, (3) Uniform heat taster coefficient, (4) Constant properties, ANALYSIS: Te temperate dssibuton fo the ait fa has therm 8 Te Te em af BP i % To v For the to positions prescribed x and, it was observed hat Ta(sa)=TaGen) or Oa (Xa) =P (00) o Since Oy idntiea For both rods, Ea. (1) withthe equity of Ea 3) egies that a2) MASA = MBB, Substituting for m ftom Fa, 2) gives Tw 7, [ [° [ina] ** "Leon Recognizing that P and Agate ental fr cach rod and rearanging, i [oorsm Lorsm COMMENTS: This approach hasbeen sed as a method fr determining the thermal ‘sondutvity,Inhas the aractve feature of nt requiring power or teperatre ‘essurements, assuming of course, areterence malarial of known thermal conductivity 1s svalable 2 70 Win K «175 Wink, <PROBLEM 3.187 KNOWN: Dimensions, base temperature and environmental conditions associated with triangular, aluminum i, FIND; (4) Fin eficieney and effitiveness, (6) Heat disipation per unit with ‘SCHEMATIC: {20m qye1508 —— van TG ERE ay sumone (ss Onl nn 0) ose pepe Sa a a ne Pores a An pn (rea #20 ik ‘Ap =Li/2=(0.006m)(0.002m)/2~6x10°S m?, 12 ( ue | a 240 W/m Kx6x10F EP (yay) and from Fig 3.19, the fin efficiency i 1m =099 < From G5 3.91 and Table 3.5, he fn hea aya 4¢ = Hrs = ALA 2b [L «(2)P] Oy, From £3.85, he ineffectiveness is 2 See a ae 2mm ua] aL TR Ort)ay c x0 ome? omy] op enl ow earn | 9 (0.002 (6) The eat dissipation per unit width is nh (FO (ar/w) “ 099.40W/ «| (0.08)? «(0002/29 ]'mx(2s0-20) c=1108wim. < COMMENTS: The parabolic profiles known to provide the maximum heat dissipation per unit fin