IRc:sP-91-2010 GUIDELINES FOR ROAD TUNNELS Published by INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS. Kama Koti Marg, Sector 6, R.K. Puram, New Delhi - 110022 NOVEMBER - 2010 Price Rs. 400/- (Packing & postage charges extra)IRe:sP-91-2010 First Published November, 2010 (All Rights Reserved. No part ofthis publication shall be reproduced, translated or ‘transmitted in any form or by any means without the pemisson ofthe Indian Roads Congress) Printed at: 1G Printers & Publishers Pvt Ltd,, New Delhi (600 Copies)IRCSP:81-2010 CONTENTS Page No. Personnel of Highways Specifications & Standards Committee i Section 41, Introduction 1 2. Planning of Road Tunnels 7 3. Geo-Technical Investigations 19 4. Structural Design ar 5. Tunnel Construction Methodology 40 6. Safety During Construction of Tunnels Co 7. Ventiation and Lighting 79 8. Operation and Maintenance 88 ‘Annex-A Terminology 98 Annex-B Environment Management Plan for Road Tunnels 102 Anex-C Gore Log- 4 ‘Annex-D Tunnel Instrumentation 2 ‘Appendix Classification & Characteristics of Rock 16 ‘Appendix-Il Data Sheet of Geomechanical Classifcation of Rock 119 ‘Masses and Assasment of Rack Mass Rating (RMR) ‘After Bieniawski 1989) Appendix ll Data Sheet of Geomechanical Classiication of Rock 124 Masses for Assesment of Tunnelling Quality Index (After Barton ET AL 1974) ‘Appendix IV. Example for Determination of RMR & Q Values & 124 ‘Support Requirements, ‘Appendix-V Supports in The Tunnel 126 Codes of Practice/Acts/Rules for Tunnelling Work 127SUGGS SEs SCO,10 1", 2 13. 14 4. 6 1”, 18. 19. 2. a IRC-SP:81-2010 PERSONNEL OF THE HIGHWAYS SPECIFICATIONS AND ‘STANDARDS COMMITTEE (As on 1 May, 2010) Sinha, AV. Director General (RO) & Spl Secretary, Ministry of (Convenor) Road Transport & Highways, New Delhi Pur, SK. ‘Addl. Director General, Ministry of Road (Co-Convenor) “Transport & Highways, New Delhi Kandasamy,C. Chief Engineer (R) S&R, Ministry of Road (Member-Secretary) Transport & Highways, New Delhi Members Datta, PK. Executive Director, Consulting Engg. Services () Put Lid, New Debi Gupta, KK. Chief Engineer (Retd), Haryana PWD Sinha, S. ‘Addl. Chie Transportation Engineer, CIDCO, "Navi Mumbai Kadiyall, Dr. LR. Chief Executive, LR Kadlyall & Associates, New Delhi Katare, PK, Director (Projets), National Rural Roads Development Agency, (Ministry of Rural Development), New Det Jain, Dr SS. Professor & Coordinator, Centre of Transportation Engg, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee Roddy, K Siva Engineer in-Chiet (R&B) Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad Basu, SB. Chief Engineer (Reta), Minstry of Road Traneport & Highways, New Deli Bordolo, AC. Cif Engineer (NH) Assarr, Guwahati Rathore, SS. Principal Secretary tothe Govt. of Gujarat, R&B Deptt ‘Gandhinagar Pradhan, 8.0. Chief Engineer (NH), Govt of Orissa, Bhubaneshwar Prasad, D.N. Chief Engineer (NH), RCD, Patna Kumar, Ashok Chief Engineer, Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, New Deli Kumar, Kamlesh Chief Engineer, Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, New Debi krishna, Prabhat Chief Engines, (Retd,), Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, New Delhi Patankar, Vi. Member (Tech), National Highways Authority of Inia Now Debi ‘Kumar, Mahesh Engineer-in-Chiet, Haryane PWD Bongirwar, Pl. ‘Advisor L&T, MumbalIRe-sP-ot-2010 22 23, 24, 2, 6 27 28, 29, 30. 31 BEES 36, a7. 38, 39, 40. Sinha, AK. Sharma. 8. ‘Sharma Dr. VM. Gupta, DP. Momin, 8S. Reddy, Or TS. Shokla, RS. Nashkar, 8.8. Raj, Dr. GS. ‘Alam, Parwez Gangopadhyay, Dr. Singh, Nirmal Jt Sinha, VK. Jain, NS. Chief Engineer (Pig) Representative President, IRC Chief Engineer, (NH), UP, PW, Lucknow Director Gonoral (RD) & AS (Reld.), MoRTH, Now Delhi Consultant, AIMIL, New Dethi Director Genera (RD) & AS (Ret), MORT&H, New Delhi Former Member, Maharashtra Public Service ‘Commission, Mumbai Ex-Sciontist, Central Road Research Insitute, New Delhi Ex: Scientist, Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi Chief Engineer (Retd.) Haryana PWD, Sonepat Director (Tech), National Rural Roads Development ‘Agency (Ministry of Rural Development), New Delhi Member (Tech), National Highways Authority of India New Dethi Chief Enginoor (NH), PW (R), Kolkata Chief Engineer (R&B), Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad Vice-President, Hindustan Consin Co. Lid, Director, Central Road Research Institute, Now Delhi Director General (RD) & SS (Ret), MORTAH, New Deli Director General (RD) & SS (Red), MORTAH, New Delhi Chief Engineer (Ret), MoRTAH, New Deli Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, New Delhi Director General Border Roads, New Debi EX-Offcio Members (Liansanga), Engineorin-Chof and Sooretary, PWD Mizoram, Aizawl Director (General) RD & (Sinha, AV) Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, ‘pl. Secretary Secretary General Justo, Dr. CEG, Kater, MD. Agarwal, MK. Borge, VB. New Deli {Indoria, R.P.) Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi Corresponding Members Emeritus Fell, Bangalore University, Bangalore ‘Consutent, Runwal Centre, Mumbai Enginoeri-Chief (Retd.), Haryana PWD ‘Secretary (Roads) (Ret), Maharashtra PWD, MumbaiIRc-SP91-2010 1 INTRODUCTION ‘The Road Tunnels Committee (H-7) of the IRC was constituted in August 2006. The Personnel ofthe H-7 Committee are as under: Momin, 8.8. ‘Convenor Vidwans, RM. Co-Convenor Mahale, J.G. Member-Sexretary Members Bhandari, RC. Patel, Saurin ‘Chopade, RM. Ragavan, N. Dutt, Sunil Rajvanshi, U.S. Iyer, J. Chandrashekar ‘Singh, Mangu Jethwa, Dr. JL. Saini, MLS. Kulkami, SR. Rep. DGBR Kumar, Vinod Rep. E-n-C PWD, Uttarakhand Maji, Or. Vidya Bhushan Rep. E-in-C PWD, HP Nandargkar, S.R. (Bhuvan Starma) Navalkar, C.B. Rep. Secy. ?WD, Tamil Nadu Pandit, Ashish Exofficio Members President, IRC (Uiansange} DG (RD) & SS, MORTH (Sinha, AV) Secretary General, IRC (Indoria, RP.) This is the first time that such guidelines are being prepared for Road Tunnels in the country by the IRC. Therefore, the Committee in its frst meeting held on 18th ct, 2006 discussed the scope as suggested by IRC ard decided upon various topics to be taken up by the members. The Committee had several meetings and prepared a draft for consideration of Highway Specification and Standards (HSS) Committee. The draft was placed before the Highway Specification and Standards (HSS) Committee on ‘st May, 2010, wherein some comments were offered for incorporation.IROSP.91.2010 The revised draftincorporating the comments ofthe Highway Speciation and Standards (HSS)Committee was presented before the Counclinis 191st meeting held on 22nd May, 2010 at Munnar (Kerala). The document ater discussion was approved by the Council for printing as @ publication of IRC. The valuable contributions of the members ofthe Road “Tunnels Commitee (H-7) and suggestions of members of Highway Specification and Standards (HSS) Committee and Council members are hereby acknowledged. 44 Tunnels are introduoedinto the road system in mountainous terain to negotiate ‘mouniain ranges and reduce the road length. The tunnels may also be introduced to avoid passage through snow bound areas or pass below sea, creeks and rivers or even to ‘ross thickly popuiated urban areas etc. A road tunnel may also be considered in open ‘country on environmental grounds to protect areas of ecological interest. The fundamental objective of road tunnels to ensure safe transit ofthe road trafic in ifcult train 1.2 The decision to intoduce a tunnel in a road system largely depends upon the cost benefit rato, traffic volume, category of road etc. Cost of Tunneling is much ‘more than that of open excavation. The tunnel costs mainly dependent on topography, ‘geology and access. For expressways and high density corrcors passing through ‘mountain ranges the option of tunnel is generally more economical considering ife- cycle cost and overall saving forthe trafic using the shorter route. 43 The planning, design and constuction of @ road tunel is a complex inter-