Hillary Bowler

Ashley Clark
Amanda Cordova
Victoria Schofield
Part IIIIntroduction
For the purposes of this class, we are treating the class data as a workable sample
to help us make calculations and hypotheses for the population (or all manufactured
skittles). Weve included the StatCrunch calculations for confidence intervals and
hypothesis tests for the Skittles population below. Although the class data only
includes information for 26 bags of skittles (making n < 30), we will treat the data
as if our sample is greater than 30 and assume that the data is normally distributed.
CONFIDENCE INTERVALS
Explain in general the purpose and meaning of a confidence interval.
The book defines a confidence interval as a range of values used to estimate the
true value of a population parameterthe parameters were calculating for this
assignment are the true proportion, true mean and standard deviation. In general, a
confidence interval estimates the level of certainty with which we can conclude our
calculationsits the probably that the set interval actually contains the calculated
parameter.
Confidence Interval Estimate: True Proportion for Purple Candies
95% confidence interval results: 0.182 < p < 0.222
p : Proportion of successes
Method: Standard-Wald
Proportion
Count Total
Sample Prop.
Std. Err.
L. Limit
p
310 1536
0.20182292
0.010240927
0.18175107

U. Limit
0.22189476

Confidence Interval Estimate: True Mean of Candies Per Bag

99% confidence interval results: 58.041 < < 60.113
: Mean of variable
Variable
Sample Mean
Std. Err.
DF
Total Candies
59.076923
0.37178603 25

U. Limit
60.113253

L. Limit
58.040593

Confidence Interval Estimate: Standard Deviation of Candies Per Bag

98% confidence interval results: 1.424 < < 2.792
2

: Variance of variable
: Standard Deviationequal to square root of data below
Variable
Sample Var.
DF
Total Candies
3.5938462
25

L. Limit
2.0274843

U. Limit
7.7964549

Interpretation
Each of these answers, written out are as follows:
- We can be 95% confident that the interval between 0.182 and 0.222 actually
does contain the value of the true proportion of the population p.
- We can be 99% confident that the interval between 58.041 and 60.113 does
in fact contain the value of the true population mean .
- We can be 98% confident that the interval between 2.027 and 7.796 does
contain the standard deviation (variance squared-- 2) of the population.

All of this means that if we were to select many different samples of the same size
and construct them with the same confidence intervals, the confidence levels would
remain the same.
HYPOTHESIS TESTS
Explain in general the purpose and meaning of a hypothesis tests.
A hypothesis is a claim about a property of a populationmaking a hypothesis test
a procedure for testing such claims. Hypothesis tests are used to determine the
validity of assumptions about data. In this assignment, for example, we test the
claim that 20% of all Skittles are green and that the mean number of candies per all
Skittles bags is 56. A null hypothesis is the original claim and an alternative
hypothesis is a statement differing from the null hypothesis used for comparison to
complete the test.
Hypothesis test results:
p : Proportion of successes
H0 : p = 0.2
HA : p 0.2
Proportion
p

Count Total
311
1536

Sample Prop.
0.20247396

Hypothesis test results:

: Mean of variable
H0 : = 56
HA : 56
Variable
Sample Mean
Total Candies
59.076923

Std. Err.
0.010206207

Std. Err.
DF
0.37178603 25

Z-Stat
P-value
0.24239742
0.8085

T-Stat
8.2760589

P-value
<0.0001

Interpretation
For the claim that 20% of all Skittles are green, we have a P-value of 0.809. Because
0.809 > 0.01 (level of significance) we can conclude the following: We fail to reject
the null hypothesis that 20% of all Skittles are green.
For the claim that the mean number of candies per all Skittle bags is 56, our P-value
is < 0.0001extremely small and far lower than the significance level of 0.05.
Because 0.0001 < 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis that the mean number of
candies per all Skittle bags is 56 Skittles.
Small p-values indicate strong evidence against a null hypothesis and larger pvalues indicate weak evidence against themhence the failure to reject the first
hypothesis and rejection of the last.