CarinaCervantes

Thislabreportwillbeaddressingthedigestivesystem.Themouthisthemostimportantandthe
beginningofthedigestivesystem.Thesmelloffoodiswhattriggersthesalivaryglandsinyour
mouthtocreatesaliva.
Saliva
isaclearliquidmadebyseveralglandsinyour
mouth
area.
Salivaisanimportantpartofahealthybody.Itismostlymadeofwater.Butsalivaalsocontains
importantsubstancesthatyourbodyneedstodigestfoodandkeepyour
teeth
strong.
Themouthisknownastheoralcavity.Inthislabreport,wewillbediscussingthestomach,
esophagus,largeandsmallintestines.Youwillalsobelearningwhathelpsyoubreakdown
foodinyourbody.

Figure1(TeethLabels)
PhotocreditbyEduardoBautista

Food

Placedon
Tongue(5sec)

Chew(5sec)

Unplugnose
andchew(5
sec)

DidNOTIdentify

Apple

Carrot

Cheese

Banana

Potato

Table1(FoodTryings)


Figure2(SalivaandH2OWithcrackerTestTubes)
Thecrackerseemedtodissolvewhenitwas48hoursbecausethecrackerlooksmore
soggyandthewaterinthephotooftherightlooksmorecloudyfromthecrackerdissolving.So
theexperimentdidworkafterall.

TOFILLTHETESTTUBE,ITWAS:
1dropofiodine,30dropsofsaliva,andofacrushedcracker.

Figure3(EsophagusandStomachlabels)

Figure4
Theesophagusisamusculartube
connectingthethroat(pharynx)withthestomach.The
esophagusisabout8incheslong.Theesophagusruns
behindthewindpipe(trachea)andheart,andinfrontof
thespine.Theupperesophagealsphincterisabundle
ofmusclesatthetopoftheesophagus.Themusclesof
theUESareunderconsciouscontrol,usedwhen
breathing,eating,belching,andvomiting.Theykeep
foodandsecretionsfromgoingdownthewindpipe.
Theloweresophagealsphincterisabundleofmuscles
atthelowendoftheesophagus,whereitmeetsthe
stomach.

ExperimentalData

Unknown1

Unknown2 Unknown3 Unknown

4

Unknown
5

Dropsoffluidfrom
salivaryduct

pHofstomach

Dropsoffluidfrom
pancreaticduct

Dropsoffluidfrom
commonbileduct

Motilityofstomach

Motilityofsmall
intestine

Bloodglucoselevel

Strengthof
contraction

Figure5Table3(
X=
ArrowsUp
*
=ArrowsDown

=NosignificantChange)


Experimental
Data

Control

Unknowns 1

DropsofFluid
fromSalivary
Duct,Min1

10

10

10

70

12 9

pHOfthe
stomach

1.9

1.8

Dropsoffluid
frompancreatic
duct,Min1

77

30

9.5

pHoffluidfroma
mainpancreatic
duct.

7.2

10

7.6

7.
2

Dropsoffluid
fromcommon
bileduct,Min1

64

2.3

2.
4

2.4

Motilityof
3
stomach,no.of
contractions/min

3.6

15

3.
4

1.0

Motilityofsmall
intestine,no.of
contractions/min

15

17

18

30

17 13

Bloodglucose
level,mg/dl

100

101

100

104

10
2

12

60

Strengthof
contraction
mmHg

10

12

12

50

(Figure5FromExperimentaldatafromtheVirtualRats)

Thepancreasproducesajuicecontainingseveralenzymesthatbreakdowncarbohydrates,
fats,andproteinsinfood.Thepancreasdeliversdigestivejuicetothesmallintestinethrough
smalltubescalledducts.Liver.Theliverproducesadigestivejuicecalledbile.