1.

1000 (Babel in Paradise:

Nettle & Romaine 2000:80)

860
Nettle & Romaine (2000)

(Madang)
(cf. Lynch, Ross, & Crowley 2002.:ch 2)
3

3
Zgraggen (1971a, 1975) Lynch (1998) 800 800
200 (Madang Province)
200
500 500

500

2. 500
500

 1(WALS Language Viewer 2005)

2.1.
2006 10 10 2007 8 1 2007 2008 2009
2011 4

(cf. Aitchison 1991: ch 3)

2.2.
3

2
2000

Lae Goroka (PMV: Public Motor Vehicle)4,5

Wewak
Bogia 5000

Karkar Long

 2 (2007 8 )

2.3. 500

(1) 4
(1) 4
a. 3 ()
34
b. 800

260

c.

d. Hiri Motu

(2) 500
(2)
a: 3
b: 260*0.8 + 600*0.4= 208 + 240 = 448 8
4
c: 30
d: 2
a + b + c + d = 483 500

(2) 483
(1a)
3 3
3 Ethnologue(www.ethnologue.com)
(Amele)
5300

Roberts (1987)(Bilbil)
1250

(Nobunobo) 5000

Summer Institute of Linguistics(SIL)

3 3
260

3(http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=PG&seq=90)

3000
500

3.

3
3.1.

(punctuated equilibrium)(Dixon 1997, Nettle &

Romaine 2000)

(1a)
3

Lae

3.2.
(Winford 2003, Heine &
Kuteva 2005)

2 Winford
(2003:10-11)

3
Heine & Kuteva (2005:ch 5)Sprachbund,
Metatypy 4
3 Sprachbund Metatypy
500

(Contact-induced language
change)
3.3.

(Lynch 1998, Lynch et al. 2002McMahon (1994:ch 10, 260)

3 500 500

500


(Thomason & Kaufman 1988: ch 4, 7)

4.
500

5 2007

4 3 3 (WALS, Language Viewer, 2005 )

5 1
SOV
SVO VSO
(cf. Metatypy)

SOV

Roberts (1987)

SOV

Reesink (1987)

SOV

SOV

Lichtenberk (1983)

PNG

SVO

Mihalic (1986)

(3)
(3)

5 (A: adjective)(N: noun)

dana mebahi (man-good): NA
munon isig (man-old): NA
tamur uyan (man-good): NA
tamata salaga=lga (man-tall ): NA
gutpela man (good-man): AN


SOV, NA
SOV, AN

(Roberts 1987)

Sprachbund
3
3 3
3

(Tryon & Charpenter (2004))

3

5.
500

500

2 4

(2007), Aitchison(1991), Nettle &

Romaine(2000)

2008 3 22 21
500

(2005-2007 )
500 Nebot Arey
JICA

Zgraggen (1971b)

(the linguists paradise)

5000


Tok PlesPles>Place
(Tok)
500
500

2 3

(Dagua)(Amele)

500
3 500
2
Wantok

Roberts
(1987:232)bile-c, he-doc, cit
doc

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