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i
s
Chaining?
Chaining
is
an
instructional
strategy
that
breaks
a
task
down
into
small
steps
and
then
teaches
each
step
sequence
by
itself.
There
are
two
types
of
within
the
chaining:
forward
and
backward.
Forward
chaining
teaches
a
task
by
starting
from
the
first
step
and
mastering
each
step
until
the
last
one
is
and
all
steps
are
mastered.
completed
Benefits:
Helps
students
break
down
complex
tasks
into
a
series
of
steps
that
are
easy
to
follow
Encourages
students
to
acquire
a
level
of
independence
It
is
easy
to
monitor
the
progress
of
a
student
regarding
a
certain
task
Tips:
Use
p ositive
reinforcement
to
link
the
chaining
process
together
Provide
a
visual
representation
of
the
routine
such
as
ladder
graphic
showing
each
step
of
the
routine
from
top
to
down
Try
to
limit
verbal
prompts
to
just
the
first
step
so
the
student
does
not
become
prompt
dependent,
instead
try
to
give
direction
of
what
you
want
the
student
to
do
(the
whole
task)
and
allow
them
time
to
figure
out
the
next
step
of
the
process
Consider
the
pre-requisite
skills
of
the
participants
and
References:
Rayner,
C.
(2011).
Teaching
students
with
autism
to
tie
a
shoelace
knot
using
video
prompting
and
backward
chaining.
Developmental
Neurorehabilitation,
14(6),
339-347.
Slocum,
S.
K.,
&
Tiger,
J.
H.
(2011).
An
Assessment
of
the
Efficiency
of
and
Child
Preference
for
Forward
and
Backward
Chaining.
Journal
Of
Applied
Behavior
Analysis,
44(4),
793-805.
Smith,
G.
J.
(1999).
Teaching
a
long
sequence
of
behavior
using
whole
task
training,
forward
chaining,
and
backward
chaining.
Perceptual
And
Motor
Skills,
89(3
Pt
1),
951-965.